#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# This program modifies the GEOS-Chem files to work with kpp.
#
# First create a .kpp file with the #GEOSCHEM command and use
# KPP to create the model using the command: kpp ROOT.kpp gckpp
# and place this model in the GEOS-Chem directory.
#
# Run this parser in the directory of GEOS-Chem v7-04-10
# using this command: perl gckpp_parser.pl
# This will modify the GEOS-Chem to work with KPP.
#

#============================================
# Variable Declarations
#============================================
my $FILE;
my $TEMP;
my $input;
my $skipadjem;

#=============================================
# Set Up Parser to Modify a File
#=============================================
sub initModFile
{
    #Open the Geos-chem files
    open(FILE, "<$_[0]") || die "Unable to open $_[0]";
    open(TEMP, ">temp") || die "Unable to open temporary file";

    $input = <FILE>;
    while(!eof(FILE))
    {
	print TEMP "$input";
	$input = <FILE>;
    }
    print TEMP "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);

    open(FILE, ">$_[0]") || die "Unable to $_[0]";
    open(TEMP,"<temp") || die "Unable to open temporary file";
}

#=============================================
# Modify wetscav_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modWetscavMod
{
    printf "Modifying wetscav_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: DO_WETDEP/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: INIT_WETSCAV/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE INIT_WETSCAV/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"!==============================================================================\n" .
        "!     ADJOINT SUBROUTINES\n" .
        "!==============================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine INIT_WETSCAV initializes updraft velocity, cloud liquid water\n" .
        "!  content, cloud ice content, and mixing ratio of water fields, which\n" .
        "!  are used in the wet scavenging routines. (bmy, 2/23/00, 3/7/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) References \"e_ice.f\" -- routine to compute Eice(T).\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Vud, CLDLIQ, CLDICE, C_H2O are all independent of tracer, so we\n" .
        "!        can compute them once per timestep, before calling the cloud \n" .
        "!        convection and wet deposition routines.\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Set C_H2O = 0 below -120 Celsius.  E_ICE(T) has a lower limit of\n" .
        "!        -120 Celsius, so temperatures lower than this will cause a stop\n" .
        "!        with an error message. (bmy, 6/15/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Replace {IJL}GLOB with IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR.  Also rename PW to P.\n" .
        "!        Remove IREF, JREF, these are obsolete.  Now reference IS_WATER\n" .
        "!        from \"dao_mod.f\" to determine water boxes. \n" .
        "!  (5 ) Removed obsolete code from 9/01.  Updated comments and made\n" .
        "!        cosmetic changes. (bmy, 10/24/01)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use routine GET_PCENTER from \"pressure_mod.f\" to compute the\n" .
        "!        pressure at the midpoint of grid box (I,J,L).  Also removed P and\n" .
        "!        SIG from the argument list (dsa, bdf, bmy, 8/20/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now reference T from \"dao_mod.f\".  Updated comments.  Now allocate\n" .
        "!        Vud, C_H2O, CLDLIQ and CLDICE here on the first call.  Now references\n" .
        "!        ALLOC_ERR from \"error_mod.f\".  Now set H2O2s and SO2s to the initial\n" .
        "!        values from for the first call to COMPUTE_F .  Now call WETDEPID\n" .
        "!        on the first call to initialize the wetdep index array. (bmy, 1/27/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Now references STT from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now we call WETDEPID\n" .
        "!        from \"input_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now references new function E_ICE, which is an analytic function of \n" .
        "!        Kelvin temperature instead of Celsius. (bmy, 3/7/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,      ONLY : T, IS_WATER\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,    ONLY : ALLOC_ERR\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD, ONLY : GET_PCENTER\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,   ONLY : STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDTH2O2, IDTSO2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, J, L, AS\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: PL, TK\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRST = .TRUE.            \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Compute Vud, CLDLIQ, CLDICE, C_H2O, following Jacob et al, 2000.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, TK, PL )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute Temp [K] and Pressure [hPa]\n" .
        "         TK = T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         PL = GET_PCENTER(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Compute Vud -- 5 m/s over oceans, 10 m/s over land (or ice?)\n" .
        "         ! Assume Vud is the same at all altitudes; the array can be 2-D\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( L == 1 ) THEN\n" .
        "            IF ( IS_WATER( I, J ) ) THEN\n" .
        "               Vud(I,J) = 5d0\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               Vud(I,J) = 10d0\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! CLDLIQ, the cloud liquid water content [cm3 H2O/cm3 air], \n" .
        "         ! is a function of the local Kelvin temperature:\n" .
        "         !  \n" .
        "         !    CLDLIQ = 2e-6                    [     T >= 268 K    ]\n" .
        "         !    CLDLIQ = 2e-6 * ((T - 248) / 20) [ 248 K < T < 268 K ]\n" .
        "         !    CLDLIQ = 0                       [     T <= 248 K    ]\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( TK >= 268d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CLDLIQ(I,J,L) = 2d-6\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ELSE IF ( TK > 248d0 .and. TK < 268d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CLDLIQ(I,J,L) = 2d-6 * ( ( TK - 248d0 ) / 20d0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            CLDLIQ(I,J,L) = 0d0\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "           \n" .
        "         !=============================================================\n" .
        "         ! CLDICE, the cloud ice content [cm3 ice/cm3 air] is given by:\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         !    CLDICE = 2e-6 - CLDLIQ\n" .
        "         !=============================================================\n" .
        "         CLDICE(I,J,L) = 2d-6 - CLDLIQ(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=============================================================\n" .
        "         ! C_H2O is given by Dalton's Law as:\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         !       C_H2O = Eice( Tk(I,J,L) ) / P(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! where P(L) = pressure in grid box (I,J,L)\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! and   Tk(I,J,L) is the Kelvin temp. of grid box (I,J,L).\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! and   Eice( Tk(I,J,L) ) is the saturation vapor pressure \n" .
        "         !       of ice [hPa] at temperature Tk(I,J,L) -- computed in \n" .
        "         !       routine E_ICE above.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         C_H2O(I,J,L) = E_ICE( TK ) / PL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_WETDEP is a driver for the wet deposition code, called\n" .
        "!  from the MAIN program. (bmy, 3/27/03, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now references LPRT from \"logical_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_WETDEP begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Wetdep by convective precip\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_QQ( .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_WETDEP: before conv wetdep' )\n" .
        "      CALL WETDEP_ADJ(  .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_WETDEP: after conv wetdep' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Wetdep by large-scale (stratiform) precip\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_QQ( .TRUE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_WETDEP: before LS wetdep' )\n" .
        "      CALL WETDEP_ADJ(  .TRUE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_WETDEP: after LS wetdep' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "!*****************************************************************************!\n" .
        "!***********************         TO EDIT       *******************************!\n" .
        "!*****************************************************************************!\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE WETDEP_ADJ( LS )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine WETDEP computes the downward mass flux of tracer due to washout \n" .
        "!  and rainout of aerosols and soluble tracers in a column.  The timestep is \n" .
        "!  the dynamic timestep. (hyl, bey, bmy, djj, 4/2/99, 5/24/06)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  The precip fields through the bottom of each level are indexed as follows:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Layer          GISS-CTM II         GEOS-CTM\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!      ------------------------------------------------- Top of Atm.\n" .
        "!        LM            PSSW4(I,J,LM-1)   PDOWN(LM,I,J)\n" .
        "!                          |                  |\n" .
        "!      ====================V==================V========= Max Extent \n" .
        "!        LM-1          PSSW4(I,J,LM)     PDOWN(LM-1,I,J)  of Clouds\n" .
        "!                          |                  |\n" .
        "!      --------------------V------------------V---------\n" .
        "!                         ...                ...             \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!      -------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "!        4             PSSW4(I,J,3)      PDOWN(4,I,J)\n" .
        "!                          |                  |\n" .
        "!      --------------------V------------------V----------\n" .
        "!        3             PSSW4(I,J,2)      PDOWN(3,I,J)\n" .
        "!                          |                  |\n" .
        "!      --------------------V------------------V--------- Cloud base\n" .
        "!        2             PSSW4(I,J,1)      PDOWN(2,I,J) \n" .
        "!                          |                  |\n" .
        "!      -  -  -  -  -  -  - V -  -   -   -   - V -  -  - \n" .
        "!        1                               PDOWN(1,I,J) \n" .
        "!                                             |\n" .
        "!      =======================================V========= Ground\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  From the diagram, we have the following for layer L:\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  GISS-CTM:\n" .
        "!  (a) Precip coming in  thru top    of layer L = PSSW4(I,J,L  )\n" .
        "!  (b) Precip going  out thru bottom of layer L = PSSW4(I,J,L-1)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  GEOS-CHEM\n" .
        "!  (a) Precip coming in  thru top    of layer L = PDOWN(L+1,I,J)\n" .
        "!  (b) Precip going  out thru bottom of layer L = PDOWN(L,  I,J) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Thus: Precip coming in:  PSSW4(I,J,L  ) is analogous to PDOWN(L+1,I,J).\n" .
        "!        Precip going  out: PSSW4(I,J,L-1) is analogous to PDOWN(L,I,J  ).\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) LS    : =T for Large-Scale precipitation; =F otherwise   \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  References (see above for full citations):\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Jacob et al, 2000\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Balkanski et al, 1993\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Giorgi & Chaimedes, 1986\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES: \n" .
        "!  (1 ) WETDEP should be called twice, once with LS = .TRUE. and once\n" .
        "!        with LS = .FALSE.  This will handle both large-scale and\n" .
        "!        convective precipitation. (bmy, 2/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Call subroutine MAKE_QQ to construct the QQ and PDOWN precipitation\n" .
        "!        fields before calling WETDEP. (bmy, 2/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Since we are working with an (I,J) column, the ordering of the\n" .
        "!        loops goes J - I - L - N.  Dimension arrays DSTT, PDOWN, QQ\n" .
        "!        to take advantage of this optimal configuration (bmy, 2/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Use double-precision exponents to force REAL*8 accuracy\n" .
        "!        (e.g. 1d0, bmy, 2/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Diagnostics ND16, ND17, ND18, and ND39 use allocatable arrays \n" .
        "!        from \"diag_mod.f\"  (bmy, bey, 3/14/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) WETDEP only processes soluble tracers and/or aerosols, as are\n" .
        "!        defined in the NSOL and IDWETD arrays (bmy, 3/14/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Add kludge to prevent wet deposition in the stratosphere (bmy, 6/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/27/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Remove IREF, JREF -- they are obsolete (bmy, 9/27/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Removed obsolete commented out code from 9/01 (bmy, 10/24/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Replaced all instances of IM with IIPAR and JM with JJPAR, in order\n" .
        "!        to prevent namespace confusion for the new TPCORE (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference BXHEIGHT from \"dao_mod.f\".  Also references routine\n" .
        "!        GEOS_CHEM_STOP from \"error_mod.f\".  Also fix ND39 diagnostic so that\n" .
        "!        the budget of tracer lost to wetdep is closed.  Now bundled into\n" .
        "!        \"wetscav_mod.f\".  Now only save to AD16, AD17, AD18, AD39 if L<=LD16,\n" .
        "!        L<=LD17, L<=LD18, and L<=LD39 respectively; this avoids out-of-bounds\n" .
        "!        array errors. Updated comments, cosmetic changes. (qli, bmy, 11/26/02)\n" .
        "!  (13) References IDTSO2, IDTSO4 from \"tracerid_mod.f\". SO2 in sulfate \n" .
        "!        chemistry is wet-scavenged on the raindrop and converted to SO4 by \n" .
        "!        aqueous chem. If evaporation occurs then SO2 comes back as SO4.\n" .
        "!        (rjp, bmy, 3/23/03)  \n" .
        "!  (14) Now use function GET_TS_DYN() from \"time_mod.f\" (bmy, 3/27/03)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now parallelize over outermost J-loop.  Also move internal routines\n" .
        "!        LS_K_RAIN, LS_F_PRIME, CONV_F_PRIME, and SAFETY to the module, since\n" .
        "!        we cannot call internal routines from w/in a parallel loop. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 3/18/04)\n" .
        "!  (16) Now references STT & N_TRACERS from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now make\n" .
        "!        DSTT a 4-d internal array so as to facilitate -C checking on the\n" .
        "!        SGI platform. (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (17) Now references IDTHg2 from \"tracerid_mod.f\".  Now pass the amt of\n" .
        "!        Hg2 wet scavenged out of the column to \"ocean_mercury_mod.f\" via\n" .
        "!        routine ADD_Hg2_WD. (sas, bmy, 1/19/05)\n" .
        "!  (18) Bug fix: replace line that can cause numerical blowup with a safer\n" .
        "!        analytical expression. (bmy, 2/23/05)\n" .
        "!  (19) Block out parallel loop with #ifdef statements for SGI_MIPS compiler.\n" .
        "!        For some reason this causes an error. (bmy, 5/5/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Now use function IS_Hg2 to determine if a tracer is a tagged Hg2 \n" .
        "!        tracer.  Now also pass N to ADD_Hg2_WD.  Now references LDYNOCEAN\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\".  Now do not call ADD_Hg2_WD if we are not\n" .
        "!        using the dynamic ocean model. (eck, sas, cdh, bmy, 2/27/06)\n" .
        "!  (21) Eliminate unnecessary variables XDSTT, L_PLUS_W.  Also zero all \n" .
        "!        unused variables for each grid box. (bmy, 5/24/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : BXHEIGHT\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : GEOS_CHEM_STOP, IT_IS_NAN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD!,          ONLY : GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : STT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDTSO2, IDTSO4, IS_Hg2\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"  ! Diagnostic arrays and switches \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: LS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL             :: IS_Hg\n" .
        "      LOGICAL             :: AER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IDX, J, L, N, NN\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: Q,     QDOWN,  DT,        DT_OVER_TAU\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: K,     K_MIN,  K_RAIN,    RAINFRAC\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: F,     FTOP,   F_PRIME,   WASHFRAC\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: LOST,  GAINED, MASS_WASH, MASS_NOWASH\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ALPHA, ALPHA2, WETLOSS,   TMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAl*8              :: F_TMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: K_TMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! DSTT is the accumulator array of rained-out \n" .
        "      ! soluble tracer for a given (I,J) column\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: DSTT_ADJ(NSOLMAX,LLPAR,IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! WETDEP begins here!\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! (1)  I n i t i a l i z e   V a r i a b l e s\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Dynamic timestep [s]\n" .
        "      DT    = GET_TS_DYN() * 60d0\n" .
        "      ! Select index for diagnostic arrays -- will archive either\n" .
        "      ! large-scale or convective rainout/washout fractions\n" .
        "      IF ( LS ) THEN\n" .
        "         IDX = 1\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         IDX = 2\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! (2)  L o o p   O v e r   (I, J)   S u r f a c e   B o x e s\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Process rainout / washout by columns.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      MASS_WASH = 0.\n" .
        "      WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   !defined( SGI_MIPS )\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I,       J,           FTOP     )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( F,       F_PRIME,     K_RAIN   )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( F_TMP,   K_TMP,       N        )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( L,           Q,       NN       )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( QDOWN,     AER,       RAINFRAC )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( WASHFRAC                       )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero FTOP\n" .
        "         FTOP = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero accumulator array\n" .
        "         DO L  = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO NN = 1, NSOLMAX\n" .
        "            DSTT_ADJ(NN,L,I,J) = 0d0\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (3)  R a i n o u t   F r o m   T o p   L a y e r  (L = LLPAR) \n" .
        "         !==============================================================    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero variables for this level\n" .
        "         F_PRIME     = 0d0\n" .
        "         K_RAIN      = 0d0\n" .
        "         Q           = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Start at the top of the atmosphere\n" .
        "         L = LLPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If precip forms at (L), assume it all rains out\n" .
        "         IF ( QQ(L,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute K_RAIN and F' for either large-scale or convective\n" .
        "            ! precipitation (cf. Eqs. 11-13, Jacob et al, 2000) \n" .
        "            IF ( LS ) THEN\n" .
        "               K_RAIN  = LS_K_RAIN( Q )\n" .
        "               F_PRIME = LS_F_PRIME( Q, K_RAIN )\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               K_RAIN  = 1.5d-3\n" .
        "               F_PRIME = CONV_F_PRIME( Q, K_RAIN, DT )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Set F = F', since there is no FTOP at L = LLPAR\n" .
        "            F = F_PRIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Save FTOP for the next lower level \n" .
        "            FTOP = F\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         F_TMP(I,J,L) = F\n" .
        "         K_TMP(I,J,L) = K_RAIN\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (4)  R a i n o u t   i n   t h e   M i d d l e   L e v e l s\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO L = LLPAR-1, 2, -1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Zero variables for each level\n" .
        "            F_PRIME     = 0d0\n" .
        "            F           = 0d0\n" .
        "            K_RAIN      = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Rainout criteria\n" .
        "            IF ( PDOWN(L,I,J) > 0d0 .and. QQ(L,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Q is the new precip that is forming within grid box (L)\n" .
        "               Q = QQ(L,I,J)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute K_RAIN and F' for either large-scale or convective\n" .
        "               ! precipitation (cf. Eqs. 11-13, Jacob et al, 2000) \n" .
        "               IF ( LS ) THEN\n" .
        "                  K_RAIN  = LS_K_RAIN( Q )\n" .
        "                  F_PRIME = LS_F_PRIME( Q, K_RAIN )\n" .
        "               ELSE\n" .
        "                  K_RAIN  = 1.5d-3\n" .
        "                  F_PRIME = CONV_F_PRIME( Q, K_RAIN, DT )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! F is the effective area of precip seen by grid box (L) \n" .
        "               F = MAX( F_PRIME, FTOP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Save FTOP for next level\n" .
        "               FTOP = F \n" .
        "            !==============================================================\n" .
        "            ! (5)  W a s h o u t   i n   t h e   m i d d l e   l e v e l s\n" .
        "            !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( PDOWN(L,I,J) > 0d0 .and. QQ(L,I,J) <= 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Since no precipitation is forming within grid box (L),\n" .
        "               ! F' = 0, and F = MAX( F', FTOP ) reduces to F = FTOP.\n" .
        "               F = FTOP \n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Save FTOP for next level\n" .
        "               FTOP = F\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! (6)  N o   D o w n w a r d   P r e c i p i t a t i o n \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( ABS( PDOWN(L,I,J) ) < 1d-30 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! No precipitation at grid box (L), thus F = 0\n" .
        "               F = 0d0\n" .
        "               ! Save FTOP for next level\n" .
        "               FTOP = F\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "            F_TMP(I,J,L) = F\n" .
        "            K_TMP(I,J,L) = K_RAIN\n" .
        "         ENDDO    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (7)  W a s h o u t   i n   L e v e l   1\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! We are at the surface, set L = 1\n" .
        "         L = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Washout at level 1 criteria\n" .
        "         IF ( PDOWN(L+1,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            F = FTOP\n" .
        "       ENDIF\n" .
        "       F_TMP(I,J,L) = F  \n" .
        "       K_TMP(I,J,L) = K_RAIN  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "        !===========================================!\n" .
        "        !  A D J O I N T     C A L C U L A T I O N  !\n" .
        "        !===========================================!\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (7)  W a s h o u t   i n   L e v e l   1\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero variables for this level\n" .
        "         RAINFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "         WASHFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! We are at the surface, set L = 1\n" .
        "         L = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! RESET F and K_RAIN Values\n" .
        "         F      = F_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         K_RAIN = K_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Washout at level 1 criteria\n" .
        "         IF ( PDOWN(L+1,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! QDOWN is the precip leaving thru the bottom of box (I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "            QDOWN = PDOWN(L+1,I,J)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Only compute washout if F > 0.\n" .
        "            ! This helps to eliminate unnecessary CPU cycles.\n" .
        "            IF ( F > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Loop over soluble tracers and/or aerosol tracers\n" .
        "               DO NN = 1, NSOL\n" .
        "                  N = IDWETD(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Call WASHOUT to compute the fraction of tracer \n" .
        "                  ! in grid box (I,J,L) that is lost to washout.  \n" .
        "                  CALL WASHOUT(     I,  J, L,        N, \n" .
        "     &                          QDOWN, DT, F, WASHFRAC, AER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Subtract  STT_ADJ from WETLOSS\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = WETLOSS - STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                  STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) \n" .
        "     &                             + WETLOSS*WASHFRAC*F\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF    \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (6)  R a i n o u t   i n   t h e   M i d d l e   L e v e l s\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO L = 2, LLPAR-1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Zero variables for each level\n" .
        "            Q           = 0d0\n" .
        "            QDOWN       = 0d0\n" .
        "            RAINFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "            WASHFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! RESET F and K_RAIN Values\n" .
        "            F      = F_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "            K_RAIN = K_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Rainout criteria\n" .
        "            IF ( PDOWN(L,I,J) > 0d0 .and. QQ(L,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "               ! Only compute rainout if F > 0. \n" .
        "               ! This helps to eliminate unnecessary CPU cycles. \n" .
        "               IF ( F > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Loop over soluble tracers and/or aerosol tracers    \n" .
        "                  DO NN = 1, NSOL\n" .
        "                     N = IDWETD(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Call subroutine RAINOUT to comptue the fraction\n" .
        "                     ! of tracer lost to rainout in grid box (I,J,L) \n" .
        "                     CALL RAINOUT( I, J, L, N, K_RAIN, DT, F, RAINFRAC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Subtract the rainout loss in grid box (I,J,L) from STT_ADJ\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = WETLOSS + DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j)\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) = DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) \n" .
        "     &                                    + DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j)\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j) = 0.\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = WETLOSS - STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                     STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) \n" .
        "     &                                + WETLOSS*rainfrac\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !==============================================================\n" .
        "            ! (5)  W a s h o u t   i n   t h e   m i d d l e   l e v e l s\n" .
        "            !==============================================================\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( PDOWN(L,I,J) > 0d0 .and. QQ(L,I,J) <= 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! QDOWN is the precip leaving thru the bottom of box (I,J,L)\n" .
        "               ! Q     is the new precip that is forming within box (I,J,L)\n" .
        "               QDOWN = PDOWN(L,I,J)\n" .
        "               Q     = QQ(L,I,J)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "               ! Only compute washout if F > 0.\n" .
        "               ! This helps to eliminate needless CPU cycles.\n" .
        "               IF ( F > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Loop over soluble tracers and/or aerosol tracers    \n" .
        "                  DO NN = 1, NSOL\n" .
        "                     N  = IDWETD(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Call WASHOUT to compute the fraction of \n" .
        "                     ! tracer lost to washout in grid box (I,J,L)\n" .
        "                     CALL WASHOUT( I,     J,  L, N, \n" .
        "     &                             QDOWN, DT, F, WASHFRAC, AER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! The tracer left in grid box (I,J,L) is what was\n" .
        "                     ! in originally in the non-precipitating fraction \n" .
        "                     ! of the box, plus MASS_WASH, less WETLOSS. \n" .
        "                     MASS_WASH = 0.\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = WETLOSS + DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j)\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) = DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) \n" .
        "     &                                    + DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j)\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j) = 0.\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = WETLOSS - STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) = DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) \n" .
        "     &                                    - WETLOSS\n" .
        "                     MASS_WASH = MASS_WASH + WETLOSS * washfrac\n" .
        "                     WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                     DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) = DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) \n" .
        "     &                                    + MASS_WASH\n" .
        "                     STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) \n" .
        "     &                                + MASS_WASH * f\n" .
        "                     MASS_WASH = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ENDDO  \n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! (6)  N o   D o w n w a r d   P r e c i p i t a t i o n \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( ABS( PDOWN(L,I,J) ) < 1d-30 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Loop over soluble tracers and/or aerosol tracers            \n" .
        "               DO NN = 1, NSOL\n" .
        "                  N = IDWETD(NN) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! All of the rained-out tracer coming from grid box\n" .
        "                  ! (I,J,L+1) goes back into the gas phase at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  ! In evap, SO2 comes back as SO4 (rjp, bmy, 3/23/03)\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                  DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j) = 0.\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = WETLOSS - STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                  DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) = DSTT_ADJ(nn,l+1,i,j) - WETLOSS\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDDO          \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! (3)  R a i n o u t   F r o m   T o p   L a y e r  (L = LLPAR) \n" .
        "         !==============================================================    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero variables for this level\n" .
        "         Q           = 0d0\n" .
        "         QDOWN       = 0d0\n" .
        "         RAINFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "         WASHFRAC    = 0d0\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         ! RESET F and K_RAIN Values\n" .
        "         F      = F_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         K_RAIN = K_TMP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Start at the top of the atmosphere\n" .
        "         L = LLPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If precip forms at (I,J,L), assume it all rains out\n" .
        "         IF ( QQ(L,I,J) > 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Only compute rainout if F > 0. \n" .
        "            ! This helps to eliminate unnecessary CPU cycles.\n" .
        "            IF ( F > 0d0 ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Loop over soluble tracers and/or aerosol tracers    \n" .
        "               DO NN = 1, NSOL\n" .
        "                  N = IDWETD(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Call subroutine RAINOUT to compute the fraction\n" .
        "                  ! of tracer lost to rainout in grid box (I,J,L=LLPAR)\n" .
        "                  CALL RAINOUT( I, J, L, N, K_RAIN, DT, F, RAINFRAC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Remove rainout losses in grid box (I,J,L=LLPAR) from STT_ADJ\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = WETLOSS + DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j)\n" .
        "                  DSTT_ADJ(nn,l,i,j) = 0.\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = WETLOSS - STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                  STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) + WETLOSS*rainfrac\n" .
        "                  WETLOSS = 0.\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Zero accumulator array\n" .
        "         DO L  = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO NN = 1, NSOLMAX\n" .
        "            DSTT_ADJ(NN,L,I,J) = 0d0\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO	!\n" .
        "      ENDDO	\n" .
        "#if   !defined( SGI_MIPS )\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF(maxval(STT_ADJ(:,:,1:4,:))==0.and.\n" .
        "     &     maxval(STT_ADJ(:,:,6:20,:))==0)THEN\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'STT_ADJ ALL ZERO'\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'STT_ADJ NOW BECOMING NON-ZERO'\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE WETDEP_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify partition.f
#=============================================
sub modPartition
{
    printf "Modifying partition.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC,     JLOP,      VOLUME, PART_CASE\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( CSPEC\(JLOOP,JJ\) \> 0\.0d0 \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "               IF ( CSPEC(JLOOP,JJ) > 0.0d0 ) THEN \n" .
	"                  PART_CASE(JLOOP) = 1d0 \n" .
	"                  GOTO 220\n" .
	"               ELSE\n" .
	"                  PART_CASE(JLOOP) = 2d0\n" .
	"               ENDIF\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify tpcore_fvdas_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modTpFvdasMod
{
    printf "Modifying tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/iord, jord, kord, n_adj/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "                         iord, jord, kord, n_adj, iv,               &\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/integer iv/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE " integer, intent(in):: iv         ! Monotonicity constraints for top and bottom\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/iv = 1/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!$input";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify setemis.f
#=============================================
sub modSetemis
{
    printf "Modifying setemis.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";
    $input = <TEMP>;
    chomp($input);
    $input = $input . ", EMIS_RATE\n";

    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8 *:: EMIS_BL, *NOXTOT, *TOTAL/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      INTEGER             :: IT_NUM\n" .
	"      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRSTIME = .TRUE.\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    for($i=0; $i<5; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      EMIS_RATE = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      open(20,file='ITER')\n" ,
	"      read(20,*)IT_NUM\n" .
	"      close(20)\n" .
	"\n";

    while( $input !~ m/REMIS\(JLOOP,N\) = EMIS_BL \/ VOLUME\(JLOOP\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     IF(IT_NUM==0)THEN\n" .
	"                        REMIS(JLOOP,N) = (1.01)*EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     ELSEIF(IT_NUM==1)THEN\n" .
	"                        REMIS(JLOOP,N) = (0.99)*EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     ENDIF\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,1) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/&* \( EMIS_BL \/ VOLUME\(JLOOP\) \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,2) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" . 
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REMIS\(JLOOP,N\) = REMIS\(JLOOP,N\) \+ EMIS_BL/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,3) = EMIS_BL\n" .
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REMIS\(JLOOP,N\) = EMIS_BL \/ VOLUME\(JLOOP\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,2+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/&* \( EMIS_BL \/ VOLUME\(JLOOP\) \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,13+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/&* \( EMIS_BL \/ VOLUME\(JLOOP\) \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
	"                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,24+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
	"                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify gasconc.f
#=============================================
sub modGasconc
{
    printf "Modifying gasconc.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE PRESSURE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8 *:: TK,CONSEXP,VPRESH2O/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      INTEGER :: NYMD,     NHMS\n" .
	"      REAL*8  :: TAU\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CALL PARTITION/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
	"      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
	"      TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
	"      CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
	"\n" .
	"$input" .
	"\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify emissions_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modEmissionsMod
{
    printf "Modifying emissions_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/References to F90 modules/ )
    {
	print EMISSMOD "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print EMISSMOD "$input" .
	"      USE BIOMASS_MOD,        ONLY : NBIOMAX\n" .
        "      USE BIOMASS_MOD,        ONLY : COMPUTE_BIOMASS_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE BRAVO_MOD,          ONLY : EMISS_BRAVO\n" .
        "      USE C2H6_MOD,           ONLY : EMISSC2H6\n" .
        "      USE CARBON_MOD,         ONLY : EMISSCARBON\n" .
        "      USE CH3I_MOD,           ONLY : EMISSCH3I\n" .
        "      USE CO2_MOD,            ONLY : EMISSCO2\n" .
        "      USE DUST_MOD,           ONLY : EMISSDUST\n" .
        "      USE EDGAR_MOD,          ONLY : EMISS_EDGAR\n" .
        "      USE EMEP_MOD,           ONLY : EMISS_EMEP\n" .
        "      USE EPA_NEI_MOD,        ONLY : EMISS_EPA_NEI\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,          ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,     ONLY : EMISSCH4\n" .
        "      USE HCN_CH3CN_MOD,      ONLY : EMISS_HCN_CH3CN\n" .
        "      USE Kr85_MOD,           ONLY : EMISSKr85\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD            \n" .
        "      USE MERCURY_MOD,        ONLY : EMISSMERCURY\n" .
        "      USE RnPbBe_MOD,         ONLY : EMISSRnPbBe\n" .
        "      USE SEASALT_MOD,        ONLY : EMISSSEASALT\n" .
        "      USE STREETS_ANTHRO_MOD, ONLY : EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "      USE SULFATE_MOD,        ONLY : EMISSSULFATE \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,           ONLY : GET_MONTH,       GET_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,           ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_MONTH, ITS_A_NEW_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD             \n" .
        "      USE TAGGED_CO_MOD,      ONLY : EMISS_TAGGED_CO\n" .
	        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"           ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                     :: MONTH, YEAR\n" .
        "      REAL*8                      :: BIOMASS(IIPAR,JJPAR,NBIOMAX)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_EMISSIONS begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get year and month\n" .
        "      YEAR  = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "      MONTH = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get biomass burning emissions for use below\n" .
        "      IF ( LBIOMASS ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL COMPUTE_BIOMASS_EMISSIONS( YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Test by simulation type\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! NOx-Ox-HC-aerosol\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read David Streets' emisisons over China / SE ASia\n" .
        "         IF ( LSTREETS .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EDGAR emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LEDGAR .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_EDGAR( YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EPA/NEI99 (USA) emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LNEI99 .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) CALL EMISS_EPA_NEI\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read BRAVO (Mexico) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LBRAVO .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_BRAVO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EMEP (Europe) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LEMEP  .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_EMEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! NOx-Ox-HC (w/ or w/o aerosols)\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSDR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emissions for various aerosol types\n" .
        "         IF ( LSSALT            ) CALL EMISSSEASALT\n" .
        "         IF ( LSULF .or. LCRYST ) CALL EMISSSULFATE\n" .
        "         IF ( LCARB             ) CALL EMISSCARBON\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST             ) CALL EMISSDUST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! Offline aerosol\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read David Streets' emisisons over China / SE ASia\n" .
        "         IF ( LSTREETS .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EDGAR emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LEDGAR .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_EDGAR( YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EPA/NEI99 emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LNEI99 .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) CALL EMISS_EPA_NEI\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read BRAVO (Mexico) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LBRAVO .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_BRAVO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EMEP (Europe) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LEMEP  .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_EMEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emissions for various aerosol types\n" .
        "         IF ( LSSALT            ) CALL EMISSSEASALT\n" .
        "         IF ( LSULF .or. LCRYST ) CALL EMISSSULFATE\n" .
        "         IF ( LCARB             ) CALL EMISSCARBON\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST             ) CALL EMISSDUST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_RnPbBe_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! Rn-Pb-Be\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSRnPbBe\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_CH3I_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! CH3I\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emit CH3I\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSCH3I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_HCN_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! HCN - CH3CN\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         CALL EMISS_HCN_CH3CN( N_TRACERS, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_TAGCO_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! Tagged CO\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read David Streets' emisisons over China / SE ASia\n" .
        "         IF ( LSTREETS .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EDGAR emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LEDGAR .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_EDGAR( YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EPA (USA) emissions once per month\n" .
        "         IF ( LNEI99 .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) CALL EMISS_EPA_NEI\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read BRAVO (Mexico) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LBRAVO .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_BRAVO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read EPA (Europe) emissions once per year\n" .
        "         IF ( LEMEP  .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR()  ) CALL EMISS_EMEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emit tagged CO\n" .
        "         CALL EMISS_TAGGED_CO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_C2H6_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! C2H6\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emit C2H6\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSC2H6\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! CH4\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read David Streets' emisisons over China / SE ASia\n" .
        "         IF ( LSTREETS .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emit CH4\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSCH4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! Mercury\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSMERCURY\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE IF ( ITS_A_CO2_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "         ! CO2\n" .
        "         !--------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read David Streets' emisisons over China / SE ASia\n" .
        "         IF ( LSTREETS .and. ITS_A_NEW_YEAR() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL EMISS_STREETS_ANTHRO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Emit CO2\n" .
        "         CALL EMISSCO2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### DO_EMISSIONS: a EMISSIONS' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of module\n" .
	"      END MODULE EMISSIONS_MOD\n";
}

#=============================================
# Modify time_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modTimeMod
{
    printf "Modifying time_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Module Variables/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Added SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ, SET_ELAPSED_HOUR_ADJ, ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ\n" .
	"!  subroutines required for adjoint calculations.  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"$input";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"!  (88) SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ  : Updates the elapsed minutes since the start of adjoint run\n" .
	"!  (89) SET_ELAPSED_HOUR_ADJ : Updates the elapsed minutes since the start of adjoint run\n" .
	"!  (90) ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ: Returns TRUE if it is the end of the adjoint run\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PRIVATE *:: *NSEASON, *DAY_OF_YEAR, *ELAPSED_MIN/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      PRIVATE           :: NSEASON,    DAY_OF_YEAR\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_MIN/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_HOUR\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine SET_ELAPSED_MIN increments the number of elapsed minutes by\n" .
        "!  the dynamic timestep TS_DYN. (bmy, 3/21/03)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! SET_ELAPSED_MIN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN + 2*TS_DYN\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_HOUR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( $input !~ m/END FUNCTION SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!=============----------------=====================--------------------===========\n" .
	"!   ***************************ADJOINT SUBROUTINES****************************\n" .
	"!=============----------------=====================--------------------===========\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ decrements the number of elapsed minutes by\n" .
        "!  the dynamic timestep TS_DYN.                      (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! SET_ELAPSED_MIN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN - TS_DYN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_HOUR_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine SET_ELAPSED_HOUR_ADJ decrements the number of elapsed minutes by\n" .
        "!  the dynamic timestep 2*TS_DYN.                    (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! SET_ELAPSED_MIN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN - 2*TS_DYN\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE SET_ELAPSED_HOUR_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ returns TRUE if it is the end of the adjoint \n" .
        "!  run (i.e. Elapsed time <= 0) and false otherwise. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_FOR_EXIT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      FLAG = ( ELAPSED_MIN <= 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      END MODULE TIME_MOD\n";
    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify transport_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modTransportMod
{
    printf "Modifying transport_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Module Variables/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Added subroutines to carryout transport adjoint calculations. This is a\n" .
	"!  continous adjoint obtained by reversing the wind fields. Tested and verified\n" .
	"!  against Finite Differences.                             (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
	"!\n";

    while( $input !~ m/N_ADJ/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  (14) ADJN   (INTEGER)     : For GEOS-4 TPCORE\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CLEANUP_TRANSPORT/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"!  (8 ) DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ       : Driver which calls adjoint global or window TPCORE\n" .
	"!  (9 ) DO_GLOBAL_TRANSPORT_ADJ: Calls either adjoint GEOS-1/S/3 or fvDAS TPCORE (global)\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: SET_TRANSPORT/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/INTEGER *:: JLAST, *NG, *MG, *N_ADJ/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      INTEGER             :: JLAST, NG,   MG,   ADJN\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE DAO_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      USE DAO_MOD,          ONLY : PSC2, UWND, VWND, TMP_PRESS\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE TIME_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      USE TIME_MOD\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE TRACER_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8 *:: YMASS\(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      INTEGER             :: NYMD, NHMS, IV\n" .
	"      REAL*8              :: TAU\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/D_DYN = DBLE\( N_DYN \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE"$input" .
	"      IV    = 1\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IORD, *JORD, *KORD, *N_ADJ,/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "     &                      IORD,     JORD,      KORD,     ADJN,     IV,\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\( P_TP2 \+ PTOP \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      TMP_PRESS(:,:) = P_TP2(:,:)\n" .
	"      NYMD = GET_NYMD()\n" .
	"      NHMS = GET_NHMS()\n" .
	"      TAU  = GET_TAU()\n" .
	"      CALL MAKE_PRESSURE_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS, TAU)\n" .
	"\n";

    while( $input !~ m/N_ADJ = 0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "         ADJN = 0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE CLEANUP_TRANSPORT/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_TRANSPORT is the driver routine for the proper TPCORE program\n" .
        "!  for GEOS-3, GEOS-4, or window simulations. (bmy, 3/10/03, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Removed IORD, JORD, KORD from the arg list.  Also now removed\n" .
        "!        reference to CMN, it's not needed. (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD, ONLY : ITS_A_NESTED_GRID\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_TRANSPORT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Choose the proper version of TPCORE for the nested-grid window \n" .
        "      ! region (usually 1x1 grids) or for the entire globe\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_NESTED_GRID() ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL DO_WINDOW_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         CALL DO_GLOBAL_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GLOBAL_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_TRANSPORT is the driver routine for the proper TPCORE \n" .
        "!  program for GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, GEOS-3 or GEOS-4 global simulations. \n" .
        "!  (bdf, bmy, 3/10/03, 7/12/06)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now references routine TPCORE_FVDAS from \"tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90\".\n" .
        "!        Also now use logical flag USE_GEOS_4_TRANSPORT to decide which\n" .
        "!        version of TPCORE is used.  Now call routine DO_PJC_PFIX from\n" .
        "!        \"pjc_pfix_mod.f\" which calls the Phil Cameron-Smith pressure fixer\n" .
        "!        for the GEOS-4/fvDAS transport scheme. (bdf, bmy, 5/8/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now call GET_AIR_MASS to compute air masses based on the input/output\n" .
        "!        pressures of the GEOS-4 version of TPCORE (bmy, 6/24/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now references DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\". (bmy, 8/7/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Bug fix: rewrote first parallel DO-loop to avoid NaN's.  Now also make\n" .
        "!        sure to pass surface pressures which are consistent with the Ap and\n" .
        "!        Bp coordinates which define the vertical grid to both TPCORE and\n" .
        "!        DO_PJC_PFIX. (bmy, 10/27/03)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Removed IORD, JORD, KORD from the arg list, since these are now\n" .
        "!        module variables.  Now get LFILL, LMFCT, LPRT, LEMBED, LWINDO from \n" .
        "!        \"logical_mod.f\".  Now references STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \n" .
        "!        \"tracer_mod.f\".  Now parallelized embedded chemistry BC's.  \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 7/20/04) \n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now references MASSFLEW, MASSFLNS, MASSFLUP from \"diag_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Also references ND24, ND25, ND26 from \"CMN_DIAG\". (bmy, 9/28/04)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) For GEOS-3 transport, we don't have to flip the STT array before & \n" .
        "!        after the call to TPCORE because we now call TPCORE with the array \n" .
        "!        mask statement STT(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:).  Also modified for GEOS-5 \n" .
        "!        and GCAP met fields. (swu, bmy, 5/25/05)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now do flipping of arrays in call to TPCORE_FVDAS (bmy, 6/16/06)\n" .
        "!  (10) Rewrote some parallel loops for the SUN compiler (bmy, 7/14/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,          ONLY : PSC2, UWND, VWND, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,         ONLY : MASSFLEW, MASSFLNS, MASSFLUP\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,        ONLY : IT_IS_NAN, DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,      ONLY : LEMBED, LFILL, LMFCT, LPRT, LWINDO\n" .
        "      USE PJC_PFIX_MOD,     ONLY : DO_PJC_PFIX\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,     ONLY : GET_PEDGE, SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_BC_MOD,    ONLY : SAVE_GLOBAL_TPCORE_BC\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_MOD,       ONLY : TPCORE\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_FVDAS_MOD, ONLY : TPCORE_FVDAS\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,       ONLY : N_TRACERS, STT_ADJ, TCVV\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"       ! IEBD1, IEBD2, JEBD1, JEBD2\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"  ! Re, G0_100\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"  ! ND24, ND25, ND26\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, J, L, L2, N, N_DYN\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: A_DIFF, D_DYN, TR_DIFF\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: AD_A(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: AD_B(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: P_TP1(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: P_TP2(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: P_TEMP(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TR_A(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TR_B(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: UTMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: VTMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: WW(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: XMASS(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: YMASS(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NYMD, NHMS, IV\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TAU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Parameters\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER  :: IGD=0, J1=3\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER  :: Umax=200d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_GLOBAL_TRANSPORT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Prepare variables for calls to PJC P-fixer and TPCORE\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-4 (hybrid grid), the pressure at the bottom edge \n" .
        "      ! grid box (I,J,L) is given by:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    P(I,J,L) = Ap(L) + Bp(L) * Psurf(I,J)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! where:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    Ap(L) and Bp(L) are defined in \"pressure_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      !    Psurf(I,J) = \"true\" surface pressure at surface box (I,J)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! However, for GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, and GEOS-3, these are pure\n" .
        "      ! sigma grids, and the pressure at the bottom edge of level L\n" .
        "      ! is given by:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    P(I,J,L) = Ap(L) + Bp(L) * ( Psurf(I,J) - PTOP )\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! where:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    Ap(L)      = PTOP for all L\n" .
        "      !    Bp(L)      = bottom sigma edge of level L\n" .
        "      !    Psurf(I,J) = \"true\" surface pressure at surface box (I,J)\n" .
        "      !    PTOP       = model top pressure\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! When passing pressures to TPCORE, we must make sure that they\n" .
        "      ! are consistent with the definition of the corresponding Ap and\n" .
        "      ! Bp vertical coordinates.  This means:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-4    : pass Psurf(I,J)            to TPCORE\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-3    : pass ( Psurf(I,J) - PTOP ) to TPCORE\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-STRAT: pass ( Psurf(I,J) - PTOP ) to TPCORE\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-1    : pass ( Psurf(I,J) - PTOP ) to TPCORE\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! where Psurf(I,J) is the true surface pressure at box (I,J) \n" .
        "      ! and PTOP the model top pressure.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Also, the PJC P-fixer driver routine, DO_PJC_PFIX, now accepts \n" .
        "      ! the true surface pressure instead of Psurf-PTOP.  This means:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-4    : pass P_TP1,      P_TP2      to DO_PJC_PFIX\n" .
        "      !    GEOS-3    : pass P_TP1+PTOP, P_TP2+PTOP to DO_PJC_PFIX\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IV = -1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Dynamic timestep [s]\n" .
        "      N_DYN = GET_TS_DYN() * 60\n" .
        "      D_DYN = DBLE( N_DYN )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! P_TP1 = PS - PTOP at the middle of the dynamic timestep\n" .
        "      ! P_TP2 = PS - PTOP at the end    of the dynamic timestep      \n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! *** For GEOS-4, GEOS-5 winds ***\n" .
        "         ! We need to have P_TP1 and P_TP2 as the true surface pressure, \n" .
        "         ! in order to be consistent with the Ap and Bp coordinates which \n" .
        "         ! define the GEOS-4 hybrid grid.\n" .
        "         !P_TP1(I,J) = GET_PEDGE(I,J,1)\n" .
        "         P_TP1(I,J) = GET_PEDGE(I,J,1)\n" .
        "         P_TP2(I,J) = PSC2(I,J)       \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! *** For GCAP, GEOS-3, GEOS-STRAT, GEOS-1 winds *** \n" .
        "         ! We need to have P_TP1 and P_TP2 to be ( true sfc pressure - PTOP )\n" .
        "         ! in order to be consistent with the Ap and Bp coordinates which \n" .
        "         ! define the pure-sigma grid.  \n" .
        "         P_TP1(I,J) = GET_PEDGE(I,J,1) - PTOP\n" .
        "         P_TP2(I,J) = PSC2(I,J)        - PTOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Select proper version of TPCORE\n" .
        "      IF ( USE_GEOS_4_TRANSPORT ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Use GEOS-4/fvDAS version of TPCORE\n" .
        "         ! (compatible with GEOS-3, GEOS-4, or GCAP winds)\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Adjust tracer to correct residual non-conservation of mass\n" .
        "         DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            TR_DIFF = SUM( STT_ADJ(:,:,:,N) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Air mass [kg] after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( N == 1 ) THEN\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "               DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "               DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  AD_A(I,J,L) = GET_AIR_MASS( I, J, L, P_TP1(I,J) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v]\n" .
        "            TR_DIFF = TR_DIFF / SUM( AD_A ) * TCVV(N)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Residual mass difference [kg]: before - after\n" .
        "            TR_B(:,:,:,N) = TR_DIFF\n" .
        "            TR_A(:,:,:)   = -TR_DIFF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Add mass difference [v/v] back to STT\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "            DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "            DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "            DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "               ! Tracer mass [kg] after transport\n" .
        "               STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) + TR_A(I,J,L)\n" .
        "     &                            * AD_A(I,J,L) / TCVV(N)\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Use GEOS-4/fvDAS version of TPCORE\n" .
        "         ! (compatible with GEOS-3, GEOS-4, or GCAP winds)\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Apply pressure fixer \n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! *** For GEOS-4 and GEOS-5 winds ***\n" .
        "         ! Call PJC P-fixer to get adjusted air masses (XMASS, YMASS)\n" .
        "         ! Pass \"true\" surface pressures P_TP1 and P_TP2 to DO_PJC_PFIX.\n" .
        "         CALL DO_PJC_PFIX( D_DYN, P_TP1, P_TP2, \n" .
        "     &                     -UWND, -VWND,  XMASS, YMASS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "         ! *** For GCAP and GEOS-3 winds ***\n" .
        "         ! Call PJC P-fixer to get adjusted air masses (XMASS, YMASS)\n" .
        "         ! P_TP1 and P_TP2 are ( Psurface - PTOP ), so we must call \n" .
        "         ! DO_PJC_PFIX with ( P_TP1 + PTOP ) and ( P_TP2 + PTOP ). \n" .
        "         CALL DO_PJC_PFIX( D_DYN, P_TP1+PTOP, P_TP2+PTOP, \n" .
        "     &                     -UWND, -VWND,  XMASS, YMASS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Call transport code\n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Flip arrays in vertical dimension for TPCORE\n" .
        "         ! Store winds in UTMP, VTMP to preserve UWND, VWND for diagnostics\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         UTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR) = -UWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1)\n" .
        "         VTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR) = -VWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! GEOS-4/fvDAS transport (the output pressure is P_TEMP)\n" .
        "         ! NOTE: P_TP1 and P_TP2 must be consistent with the definition\n" .
        "         ! of Ap and Bp.  For GEOS-4, P_TP1 and P_TP2 must be the \"true\"\n" .
        "         ! surface pressure, but for GEOS-3, they must be ( Psurface -PTOP ).   \n" .
        "         CALL TPCORE_FVDAS( D_DYN,    Re,        IIPAR,    JJPAR,\n" .
        "     &                      LLPAR,    JFIRST,    JLAST,    NG,\n" .
        "     &                      MG,       N_TRACERS, Ap,       Bp,\n" .
        "     &                      UTMP,     VTMP,      P_TP1,    P_TP2,\n" .
        "     &                      P_TEMP,   STT_ADJ(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),       \n" .
        "     &                      IORD,     JORD,      KORD,     ADJN,  IV,    \n" .
        "     &                      XMASS(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1),    \n" .
        "     &                      YMASS(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1),\n" .
        "     &                      MASSFLEW(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:), \n" .
        "     &                      MASSFLNS(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),  \n" .
        "     &                      MASSFLUP(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),    A_M2,\n" .
        "     &                      TCVV,     ND24,      ND25,     ND26 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Reset surface pressure\n" .
        "         !----------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! *** For GEOS-4 or GEOS-5 winds ***\n" .
        "         ! P_TP2 is the \"true\" surface pressure at the end of the \n" .
        "         ! dynamic timestep.  Reset the pressure with P_TP2.  This will \n" .
        "         ! be the pressure at the start of the next dynamic timestep.\n" .
        "         CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( P_TP2 )\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! *** For GCAP and GEOS-3 winds ***\n" .
        "         ! P_TP2 is the \"true\" surface pressure at the end of the dynamic \n" .
        "         ! timestep - PTOP.  Reset the pressure with P_TP2+PTOP.  This \n" .
        "         ! will be the pressure at the start of the next dynamic timestep.\n" .
        "         CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( P_TP2 + PTOP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Use TPCORE version 7.1.m\n" .
        "         ! (compatible with GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, or GEOS-3)\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Flip arrays in vertical dimension\n" .
        "         ! Store winds in UTMP, VTMP to preserve UWND, VWND for diagnostics\n" .
        "         UTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR  ) = -UWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  )\n" .
        "         VTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR  ) = -VWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         LFILL = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! TPCORE v7.1.m transport scheme (output pressure is P_TP2)\n" .
        "         ! The pressures P_TP1 and P_TP2 are PS-PTOP, in order to\n" .
        "         ! be consistent with the definition of Ap and Bp for GEOS-3\n" .
        "         ! GEOS-STRAT, and GEOS-1 winds. (bmy, 10/27/03)\n" .
        "         CALL TPCORE( IGD,   STT_ADJ(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),\n" .
        "     &                P_TP1, P_TP2, UTMP, VTMP,  WW,    \n" .
        "     &                N_DYN, IORD,  JORD, KORD,  N_TRACERS, \n" .
        "     &                IIPAR, JJPAR, J1,   LLPAR, Ap,   \n" .
        "     &                Bp,    PTOP,  Re,   LFILL, LMFCT, Umax )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Reset floating pressure w/ pressure adjusted by TPCORE.  Here\n" .
        "         ! P_TP2 is PS-PTOP, so reset the pressure with P_TP2+PTOP. This\n" .
        "         ! will be the pressure at the start of the next dynamic timestep.\n" .
        "         CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( P_TP2 + PTOP )\n" .
        "           \n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GLOBAL_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_WINDOW_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_WINDOW_TRANSPORT is the driver program for the proper TPCORE\n" .
        "!  program for nested-grid window simulations. (yxw, bmy, 8/7/03, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now references DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 8/7/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Removed IORD, JORD, KORD from the arg list, since these are now\n" .
        "!        module variables.  Now reference LFILL, LMFCT, LPRT from \n" .
        "!        \"logical_mod.f\".  Now reference STT, N_TRACERS from \"tracer_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PSC2, UWND, VWND\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,          ONLY : GET_XOFFSET, GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LFILL, LMFCT, LPRT\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : GET_PEDGE, SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_BC_MOD,     ONLY : I0_W, J0_W, I1_W, J1_W\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_BC_MOD,     ONLY : I2_W, J2_W, IM_W, JM_W, IGZD \n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_BC_MOD,     ONLY : DO_WINDOW_TPCORE_BC\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_WINDOW_MOD, ONLY : TPCORE_WINDOW\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : STT_ADJ, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"  ! Re\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, I0, J, J0, N_DYN\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: P_TP1(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: P_TP2(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: UTMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: VTMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: WW(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Parameters\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER  :: IGD=0, J1=3\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER  :: Umax=150d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_WINDOW_TRANSPORT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get nested-grid lon/lat offsets [# boxes]\n" .
        "      I0    = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0    = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Dynamic timestep [s]\n" .
        "      N_DYN = GET_TS_DYN() * 60\n" .
        "       \n" .
        "      ! Impose TPCORE boundary conditions \@ edges of 1x1 grid\n" .
        "      CALL DO_WINDOW_TPCORE_BC\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flip UWND, VWND, STT in vertical dimension\n" .
        "      ! Now store into temp arrays to preserve UWND, VWND for diags\n" .
        "      UTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR)          = -UWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1)\n" .
        "      VTMP(:,:,1:LLPAR)          = -VWND(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1)\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ (:,:,1:LLPAR,:)    = STT_ADJ(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Set temp arrays for passing pressures to TPCORE\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         P_TP2(I,J) = GET_PEDGE(I,J,1) - PTOP\n" .
        "         P_TP1(I,J) = PSC2(I,J) - PTOP\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      LFILL = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call the nested-grid window version of TPCORE (v.7.1)\n" .
        "      ! Use the pressures at the middle and the end of the \n" .
        "      ! dynamic timestep (P = PS-PTOP; P_TEMP = PSC2-PTOP).\n" .
        "      CALL TPCORE_WINDOW( IGD,   STT_ADJ,   P_TP1, P_TP2,  UTMP,  \n" .
        "     &                    VTMP,  WW,        N_DYN, IORD,   JORD,   \n" .
        "     &                    KORD,  N_TRACERS, IIPAR, JJPAR,  J1,    \n" .
        "     &                    I0,    J0,        I0_W,  J0_W,   I1_W,  \n" .
        "     &                    J1_W,  I2_W,      J2_W,  IM_W,   JM_W,  \n" .
        "     &                    IGZD,  LLPAR,     AP,    BP,     PTOP,  \n" .
        "     &                    Re,    LFILL,     LMFCT, Umax )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Reset floating pressure w/ output of TPCORE\n" .
        "      CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( P_TP1 + PTOP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Re-Flip STT in the vertical dimension\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ(:,:,1:LLPAR,:) = STT_ADJ(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:)\n" .
        "              \n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TPCORE_WINDOW' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_WINDOW_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE INIT_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine INIT_TRANSPORT initializes all module variables and arrays. \n" .
        "!  (bmy, 3/10/03, 5/25/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now references GET_TS_DYN from \"time_mod.f\", INIT_TPCORE_FVDAS from\n" .
        "!        \"tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90\", and GET_YMID_R from \"grid_mod.f\".  Now also\n" .
        "!        include \"CMN_SETUP\".  (bdf, bmy, 4/28/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Remove reference to DSIG, it's obsolete. (bmy, 6/24/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now references LEMBED & LTPFV from \"logical_mod.f\".  Now references\n" .
        "!        N_TRACERS from \"tracer_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now modified for GEOS-5 and GCAP met fields (swu, bmy, 5/25/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,         ONLY : GET_AREA_M2, GET_YMID_R\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,      ONLY : LEMBED,      LTPFV,     LTRAN\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,     ONLY : GET_AP,      GET_BP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,         ONLY : GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TPCORE_FVDAS_MOD, ONLY : INIT_TPCORE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,       ONLY : N_TRACERS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"       ! IEBD1, JEBD1, IEBD2, JEBD2\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"  ! Re\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: AS, J, K, L, N_DYN\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: YMID_R(JJPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( USE_GEOS_4_TRANSPORT ) THEN\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "      ! Flip Ap and Bp for TPCORE\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR+1 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! As L runs from the surface up, \n" .
        "         ! K runs from the top down\n" .
        "         K = ( LLPAR + 1 ) - L + 1\n" .
        "         Ap(L) = GET_AP(K) / PTOP ! \n" .
        "         Bp(L) = GET_BP(K)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE INIT_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify pbl_mix_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modPblMixMod
{
    printf "Modifying pbl_mix_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: DO_PBL_MIX/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE TRACER_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
	"      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : FP, IM\n" .
	"\n" .
	"#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/LOGICAL, SAVE *:: FIRST/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"      INTEGER            :: NYMD, NHMS, I, J\n" .
	"      REAL*8             :: TAU\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! DO_PBL_MIX begins here!\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
	"      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
	"      TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
	"\n" .
        "      ! First-time initialization\n" .
        "      IF ( FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL INIT_PBL_MIX\n" .
        "         FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Compute PBL height and related quantities\n" .
        "      CALL COMPUTE_PBL_HEIGHT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Do complete mixing of tracers in the PBL (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( DO_TURBDAY ) THEN\n" .
	"\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "            FP(I,J) = FPBL(I,J)\n" .
        "            IM(I,J) = IMIX(I,J)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_FPBL_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_IMIX_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL TURBDAY( N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV )\n" .
	"\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Return to calling program/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<5; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ( DO_TURBDAY )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_PBL_MIX is the driver routine for planetary boundary layer\n" .
        "!  mixing.  The PBL layer height and related quantities are always computed.\n" .
        "!  Complete mixing of tracers underneath the PBL top is toggled by the \n" .
        "!  DO_TURBDAY switch. (bmy, 2/11/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DO_TURBDAY (LOGICAL) : Switch which turns on PBL mixing of tracers\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LTURB\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS, STT_ADJ, TCVV \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : FP, IM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN) :: DO_TURBDAY\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: NYMD, NHMS, I, J\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_PBL_MIX begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Do complete mixing of tracers in the PBL (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( DO_TURBDAY ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL READ_FPBL_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         CALL READ_IMIX_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
	"\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "            FPBL(I,J) = FP(I,J)\n" .
        "            IMIX(I,J) = IM(I,J)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         CALL ADTURBDAY( N_TRACERS, STT_ADJ, TCVV )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n";

    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE TURBDAY/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      subroutine adturbday( ntrc, adtc, TCVV )\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C** This routine was generated by the                         **\n" .
        "C** Tangent linear and Adjoint Model Compiler,  TAMC 5.3.2    **\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define arguments\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,        ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,       ONLY : TURBFLUP\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,       ONLY : GET_AREA_M2\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,       ONLY : GET_TS_CONV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"       ! Size parameters    \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"       ! ND15\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,  INTENT(IN)    :: NTRC\n" .
        "      REAL*8,   INTENT(INOUT) :: ADTC(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRC)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,   INTENT(IN)    :: TCVV(NTRC)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE           :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER                 :: I,  J,  L,     LTOP,    N\n" .
        "      REAL*8                  :: AA, CC, CC_AA, AREA_M2, DTCONV\n" .
        "      REAL*8                  :: A(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                  :: DTC(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRC) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define local variables\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      real*8 adcc\n" .
        "      real*8 adcc_aa\n" .
        "      real*8 addtc(iipar,jjpar,llpar,ntrc)\n" .
        "      integer ip1\n" .
        "      integer ip2\n" .
        "      integer ip3\n" .
        "      integer ip4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adcc = 0.\n" .
        "      adcc_aa = 0.\n" .
	"!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+PRIVATE( ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4 )\n" . 
        "      do ip4 = 1, ntrc\n" .
        "        do ip3 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "          do ip2 = 1, jjpar\n" .
        "            do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "              addtc(ip1,ip2,ip3,ip4) = 0.\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
	"!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ROUTINE BODY\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      DTCONV = GET_TS_CONV() * 60d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ADJOINT COMPUTATIONS\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
	"!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, AA, adCC, adCC_AA )\n" .
        "      do j = jjpar, 1, -1\n" .
        "        do i = iipar, 1, -1\n" .
        "          a(i,j) = 1.d0\n" .
        "          aa = 0.d0\n" .
        "          do l = 1, imix(i,j)-1\n" .
        "            aa = aa+ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "          l = imix(i,j)\n" .
        "          aa = aa+ad(i,j,l)*fpbl(i,j)\n" .
        "          do n = ntrc, 1, -1\n" .
        "            l = imix(i,j)\n" .
        "            addtc(i,j,l,n) = addtc(i,j,l,n)+adtc(i,j,l,n)/ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "            adcc_aa = adcc_aa+addtc(i,j,l,n)*a(i,j)*fpbl(i,j)*ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "            adtc(i,j,l,n) = adtc(i,j,l,n)-addtc(i,j,l,n)*a(i,j)*fpbl(i,\n" .
        "     \$           j)*ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "            addtc(i,j,l,n) = 0.\n" .
        "            do l = 1, imix(i,j)-1\n" .
        "              addtc(i,j,l,n) = addtc(i,j,l,n)+adtc(i,j,l,n)/ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "              adcc_aa = adcc_aa+addtc(i,j,l,n)*a(i,j)*ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "              adtc(i,j,l,n) = adtc(i,j,l,n)-addtc(i,j,l,n)*a(i,j)*ad(i,\n" .
        "     \$             j,l)\n" .
        "              addtc(i,j,l,n) = 0.\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "            adcc = adcc+adcc_aa/aa\n" .
        "            adcc_aa = 0.\n" .
        "            l = imix(i,j)\n" .
        "            adtc(i,j,l,n) = adtc(i,j,l,n)+adcc*ad(i,j,l)*fpbl(i,j)\n" .
        "            do l = 1, imix(i,j)-1\n" .
        "              adtc(i,j,l,n) = adtc(i,j,l,n)+adcc*ad(i,j,l)\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "            adcc = 0.\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
	"!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end subroutine adturbday\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE INIT_PBL_MIX/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE INIT_PBL_MIX_ADJ \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine INIT_PBL_MIX allocates and zeroes module arrays (bmy, 2/10/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD, ONLY : ALLOC_ERR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: AS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! INIT_PBL_MIX begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Scalars\n" .
        "      PBL_MAX_L = 0\n" .
        "      IMIX = 0\n" .
        "      FPBL = 0d0\n" .
        "      F_OF_PBL = 0d0\n" .
        "      F_UNDER_TOP = 0d0\n" .
        "      PBL_TOP_hPa = 0d0\n" .
        "      PBL_TOP_L = 0d0\n" .
        "      PBL_TOP_m = 0d0\n" .
        "      PBL_THICK = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE INIT_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify i6_read_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modI6ReadMod
{
    printf "Modifying i6_read_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: UNZIP_I6_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE OPEN_I6_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ opens the I-6 met fields file for date NYMD and \n" .
        "!  time NHMS. (bmy, bdf, 6/15/98, 9/14/06)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Modified for adjoint calculations. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ===========================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NYMD (INTEGER) : Current value of YYYYMMDD\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NHMS (INTEGER) : Current value of HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Adapted from OPEN_MET_FIELDS of \"dao_read_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/13/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now opens either zipped or unzipped files (bmy, 12/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now skips past the GEOS-4 ident string (bmy, 12/12/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now references \"directory_mod.f\" instead of CMN_SETUP.  Also now\n" .
        "!        references LUNZIP from \"logical_mod.f\".  Also now prevents EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "!        from overwriting Y/M/D tokens in directory paths. (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Now use FILE_EXISTS from \"file_mod.f\" to determine if file unit IU_I6\n" .
        "!        refers to a valid file on disk (bmy, 3/23/05\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now modified for GEOS-5 and GCAP met fields (swu, bmy, 5/25/05)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Remove support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields (bmy, 8/4/06)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Updated for variable tropopause (phs, bmy, 9/14/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!      \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,     ONLY : GET_RES_EXT\n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : DATA_DIR,   GCAP_DIR,   GEOS_3_DIR \n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : GEOS_4_DIR, GEOS_5_DIR, TEMP_DIR \n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,   ONLY : LUNZIP, LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,      ONLY : IU_I6, IOERROR, FILE_EXISTS, IU_TP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"      ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE          :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL                :: IT_EXISTS\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IOS, IUNIT\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=8)       :: IDENT\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: GEOS_DIR\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: I6_FILE, TP_FILE\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: PATH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! OPEN_I6_FIELDS begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_3_DIR )\n" .
        "         I6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.i6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_4_DIR )\n" .
        "         I6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.i6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "         TP_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.tropp.' //  GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_5_DIR )\n" .
        "         I6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.i6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GCAP_DIR )\n" .
        "         I6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.i6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Replace date tokens\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( GEOS_DIR, NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( I6_FILE,  NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in TEMP dir\n" .
        "         ! If not unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in DATA dir\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( TEMP_DIR ) // TRIM( I6_FILE )\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // \n" .
        "     &             TRIM( GEOS_DIR ) // TRIM( I6_FILE )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Close previously opened A-3 file\n" .
        "         CLOSE( IU_I6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Make sure the file unit is valid before we open it \n" .
        "         IF ( .not. FILE_EXISTS( IU_I6 ) ) THEN \n" .
        "            CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Could not find file!', \n" .
        "     &                       'OPEN_I6_FIELDS (i6_read_mod.f)' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Open the file\n" .
        "         OPEN( UNIT   = IU_I6,         FILE   = TRIM( PATH ),\n" .
        "     &         STATUS = 'OLD',         ACCESS = 'SEQUENTIAL',  \n" .
        "     &         FORM   = 'UNFORMATTED', IOSTAT = IOS )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_I6, 'open_i6_fields:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo info\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( PATH )\n" .
        " 100     FORMAT( '     - Opening: ', a )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Set the proper first-time-flag false\n" .
        "         FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 ) || defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Skip past the ident string\n" .
        "         READ( IU_I6, IOSTAT=IOS ) IDENT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_I6, 'open_i6_fields:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Test if variable tropopause is turned on\n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! ALSO NEED TO OPEN THE TROPOPAUSE PRESSURE FILE\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Replace date tokens\n" .
        "            CALL EXPAND_DATE( TP_FILE, NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! If unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in TEMP dir\n" .
        "            ! If not unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in DATA dir\n" .
        "            IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "               PATH = TRIM( TEMP_DIR ) // TRIM( TP_FILE )\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               PATH = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // \n" .
        "     &              TRIM( GEOS_DIR ) // TRIM( TP_FILE )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Close previously opened A-3 file\n" .
        "            CLOSE( IU_TP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Make sure the file unit is valid before we open it \n" .
        "            IF ( .not. FILE_EXISTS( IU_TP ) ) THEN \n" .
        "               CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Could not find TROPP file!', \n" .
        "     &                          'OPEN_I6_FIELDS (i6_read_mod.f)' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open the file\n" .
        "            OPEN( UNIT   = IU_TP,         FILE   = TRIM( PATH ),\n" .
        "     &            STATUS = 'OLD',         ACCESS = 'SEQUENTIAL',  \n" .
        "     &            FORM   = 'UNFORMATTED', IOSTAT = IOS )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_TP, 'open_i6_fields:3' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Echo info\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( PATH )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "            ! Set the proper first-time-flag false\n" .
        "            FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Skip past the ident string\n" .
        "            READ( IU_TP, IOSTAT=IOS ) IDENT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_I6, 'open_i6_fields:4' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}



#=============================================
# Create fvdas_convect_mod.f
#=============================================
sub createFvdasConvectMod
{
    printf "Creating fvdas_convect_mod.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">fvdas_convect_mod.f") || die "Unable to open fvdas_convect_mod.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: fvdas_convect_mod.f,v 1.2 2005/11/29 15:46:55 monika Exp \$\n" .
        "      MODULE FVDAS_CONVECT_MOD\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Module FVDAS_CONVECT_MOD contains routines (originally from NCAR) which \n" .
        "!  perform shallow and deep convection for the GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields.  \n" .
        "!  These routines account for shallow and deep convection, plus updrafts \n" .
        "!  and downdrafts.  (pjr, dsa, bmy, 6/26/03, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "!  Module Variables:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) RLXCLM   (LOGICAL) : Logical to relax column versus cloud triplet\n" .
        "!  (2 ) LIMCNV   (INTEGER) : Maximum CTM level for HACK convection\n" .
        "!  (3 ) CMFTAU   (REAL*8 ) : Characteristic adjustment time scale for HACK [s]\n" .
        "!  (4 ) EPS      (REAL*8 ) : A very small number [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (5 ) GRAV     (REAL*8 ) : Gravitational constant [m/s2]\n" .
        "!  (6 ) SMALLEST (REAL*8 ) : The smallest double-precision number \n" .
        "!  (7 ) TINYNUM  (REAL*8 ) : 2 times the machine epsilon for dble-precision\n" .
        "!  (8 ) TINYALT  (REAL*8 ) : arbitrary small num used in transport estimates\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Module Routines:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT : Initializes fvDAS convection scheme\n" .
        "!  (2 ) FVDAS_CONVECT      : fvDAS convection routine, called from MAIN \n" .
        "!  (3 ) HACK_CONV          : HACK convection scheme routine\n" .
        "!  (4 ) ARCCONVTRAN        : Sets up fields for ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CONVTRAN           : ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection scheme routine\n" .
        "!  (6 ) WHENFGT            : Test function -- not sure what this does?\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  GEOS-CHEM modules referenced by fvdas_convect_mod.f:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) pressure_mod.f     : Module containing routines to compute P(I,J,L)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES: \n" .
        "!  (1 ) Contains new updates for GEOS-4/fvDAS convection.  Also added OpenMP\n" .
        "!        parallel loop over latitudes in FVDAS_CONVECT. (swu, bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MODULE PRIVATE DECLARATIONS -- keep certain internal variables \n" .
        "      ! and routines from being seen outside \"fvdas_convect_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Declare everything PRIVATE ...\n" .
        "      PRIVATE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! ... except routines INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT and FVDAS_CONVECT\n" .
        "      PUBLIC :: INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT, FVDAS_CONVECT, FVDAS_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MODULE VARIABLES\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: LIMCNV      \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Constants\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, PARAMETER :: RLXCLM   = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: CMFTAU   = 3600.d0\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: EPS      = 1.0d-13   \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: GRAV     = 9.8d0\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: SMALLEST = TINY(1D0)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: TINYALT  = 1.0d-36       \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER :: TINYNUM  = 2*EPSILON(1D0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MODULE ROUTINES -- follow below the \"CONTAINS\" statement \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT initializes the HACK and \n" .
        "!  ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection schemes for GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields. \n" .
        "!  (dsa, swu, bmy, 6/26/03, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now compute HYPI in a more efficient way (bmy, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD, ONLY : GET_PEDGE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I, J, L, L2\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: HYPI(LLPAR+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT begins here!\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Find the model level that roughly corresponds to 40 hPa and\n" .
        "      ! only let convection take place below that level (LIMCNV)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Take I, J at midpt of region \n" .
        "      ! (For global grids, this should be the equatorial box)\n" .
        "      I = IIPAR / 2\n" .
        "      J = JJPAR / 2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Construct array of pressure edges [hPa] for column (I,J) \n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR+1\n" .
        "         L2       = (LLPAR+1) - L + 1\n" .
        "         HYPI(L2) = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Limit convection to regions below 40 hPa\n" .
        "      IF ( HYPI(1) >= 40d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "         LIMCNV = 1\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "            IF ( HYPI(L) < 40d0 .AND. HYPI(L+1) >= 40d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               LIMCNV = L\n" .
        "               GOTO 10\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         LIMCNV = LLPAR + 1\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Exit loop\n" .
        " 10   CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Echo output\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 )  LIMCNV, HYPI(LIMCNV) \n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - GEOS-4 convection is capped at L = ', i3, \n" .
        "     &       ', or approx ', f6.1, ' hPa' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE FVDAS_CONVECT( TDT,   NTRACE, Q,     RPDEL, ETA, \n" .
        "     &                          BETA,  MU,     MD,    EU,    DP,    \n" .
        "     &                          NSTEP, FRACIS, TCVV,  INDEXSOL )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine FVDAS_CONVECT is the convection driver routine for GEOS-4/fvDAS\n" .
        "!  met fields.  It calls both HACK and ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection schemes.\n" .
        "!  (pjr, dsa, bmy, 6/26/03, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) TDT     (REAL*8 ) : 2 * delta-T                          [s]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NTRACE  (INTEGER) : Number of tracers to transport       [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Q       (REAL*8 ) : Array of transported tracers         [v/v]\n" .
        "!  (4 ) RPDEL   (REAL*8 ) : 1 / DP                               [1/hPa]\n" .
        "!  (5 ) ETA     (REAL*8 ) : GMAO Hack convective mass flux       [kg/m2/s]\n" .
        "!  (6 ) BETA    (REAL*8 ) : GMAO Hack overshoot parameter        [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MU      (REAL*8 ) : GMAO updraft mass flux   (ZMMU)      [Pa/s]\n" .
        "!  (8 ) MD      (REAL*8 ) : GMAO downdraft mass flux (ZMMD)      [Pa/s]\n" .
        "!  (9 ) EU      (REAL*8 ) : GMAO updraft entrainment (ZMEU)      [Pa/s]\n" .
        "!  (10) DP      (REAL*8 ) : Delta-pressure between level edges   [Pa]\n" .
        "!  (11) NSTEP   (INTEGER) : Time step index                      [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (12) FRACIS  (REAL*8 ) : Fraction of tracer that is insoluble [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (13) TCVV    (REAL*8 ) : Array of Molwt(AIR)/molwt(Tracer)    [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (14) INDEXSOL(INTEGER) : Index array of soluble tracers       [unitless]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Q      (REAL*8 ) : Modified tracer array                 [v/v]\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  Important Local Variables:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) LENGATH(INTEGER)  : Number of lons where deep conv. happens at lat=J\n" .
        "!  (2 ) IDEEP  (INTEGER)  : Lon indices where deep convection happens at lat=J\n" .
        "!  (3 ) JT     (INTEGER)  : Cloud top layer for columns undergoing conv.\n" .
        "!  (4 ) MX     (INTEGER)  : Cloud bottom layer for columns undergoing conv.\n" .
        "!  (5 ) DSUBCLD(REAL*8 )  : Delta pressure from cloud base to sfc\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DU     (REAL*8 )  : Mass detraining from updraft (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) ED     (REAL*8 )  : Mass entraining from downdraft (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) DPG    (REAL*8 )  : gathered .01*dp (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) EUG    (REAL*8 )  : gathered eu (lon-alt array) \n" .
        "!  (9 ) MUG    (REAL*8 )  : gathered mu (lon-alt array)   \n" .
        "!  (10) MDG    (REAL*8 )  : gathered md (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added TCVV and INDEXSOL to the arg list and in the call to CONVTRAN.  \n" .
        "!        Now perform convection in a loop over NSTEP iterations.  Added\n" .
        "!        an OpenMP parallel loop over latitude.   Removed IL1G and IL2G,\n" .
        "!        since these are no longer needed in this routine.  Now put NTRACE \n" .
        "!        before Q on the arg list. (bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NSTEP, NTRACE             \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: INDEXSOL(NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TDT                \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: RPDEL(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)  \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ETA(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)    \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: BETA(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)   \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MU(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MD(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: EU(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: FRACIS(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TCVV(NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: LENGATH, ISTEP\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: JT(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: MX(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IDEEP(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DSUBCLD(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DPG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: MDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: MUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: QTMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: FTMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! FVDAS_CONVECT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I,   J,   L,   N,   ISTEP,   QTMP, FTMP, MUG,   MDG     )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( DUG, EUG, EDG, DPG, DSUBCLD, JT,   MX,   IDEEP, LENGATH )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over latitudes\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Save lat slices of Q & FRACIS into QTMP & FTMP\n" .
        "         DO N = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            QTMP(I,L,N) = Q(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "            FTMP(I,L,N) = FRACIS(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Gather mass flux arrays, compute mass fluxes, and determine top\n" .
        "         ! and bottom of Z&M convection.  LENGATH = # of longitudes in the\n" .
        "         ! band I=1,IIPAR where deep convection happens at latitude J.\n" .
        "         CALL ARCONVTRAN( DP(:,J,:),  MU(:,J,:),  MD(:,J,:),  \n" .
        "     &                    EU(:,J,:),  MUG,        MDG,         \n" .
        "     &                    DUG,        EUG,        EDG,          \n" .
        "     &                    DPG,        DSUBCLD,    JT,          \n" .
        "     &                    MX,         IDEEP,      LENGATH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over internal convection timestep\n" .
        "         DO ISTEP = 1, NSTEP \n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            !-----------------------------------\n" .
        "            ! ZHANG/MCFARLANE (deep) convection \n" .
        "            !-----------------------------------\n" .
        "            IF ( LENGATH > 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Only call CONVTRAN where convection happens\n" .
        "               ! (i.e. at latitudes where LENGATH > 0)\n" .
        "               CALL CONVTRAN( NTRACE,  QTMP,    MUG,      MDG,         \n" .
        "     &                        DUG,     EUG,     EDG,      DPG,            \n" .
        "     &                        DSUBCLD, JT,      MX,       IDEEP,    \n" .
        "     &                        1,       LENGATH, NSTEP,    0.5D0*TDT,   \n" .
        "     &                        FTMP,    TCVV,    INDEXSOL, J )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            CALL HACK_CONV( TDT,         RPDEL(:,J,:), ETA(:,J,:),  \n" .
        "     &                      BETA(:,J,:), NTRACE,       QTMP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDDO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Save latitude slice QTMP back into global Q array\n" .
        "         DO N = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            Q(I,J,L,N) = QTMP(I,L,N)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE FVDAS_CONVECT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE HACK_CONV( TDT, RPDEL, ETA, BETA, NTRACE, Q )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine HACK_CONV computes the convective mass flux adjustment to all \n" .
        "!  tracers using the convective mass fluxes and overshoot parameters for the \n" .
        "!  Hack scheme. (pjr, dsa, bmy, 6/26/03)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) TDT    (REAL*8)  : 2 delta-t                              [s)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) RPDEL  (REAL*8)  : Reciprocal of pressure-thickness array [1/hPa]\n" .
        "!  (3 ) ETA    (REAL*8)  : GMAO Hack convective mass flux (HKETA) [kg/m2/s]\n" .
        "!  (4 ) BETA   (REAL*8)  : GMAO Hack overshoot parameter (HKBETA) [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (5 ) NTRACE (INTEGER) : Number of tracers in the Q array       [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Q      (REAL*8)  : Tracer concentrations                  [v/v]    \n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Q     (REAL*8)   : Modified tracer concentrations         [v/v]       \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Important Local Variables:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) INDX1  (INTEGER) : Longitude indices for condition true\n" .
        "!  (2 ) ADJFAC (REAL*8 ) : Adjustment factor (relaxation related)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) BOTFLX (REAL*8 ) : Bottom constituent mixing ratio flux\n" .
        "!  (4 ) CMRC   (REAL*8 ) : constituent mix rat (\"in-cloud\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CMRH   (REAL*8 ) : interface constituent mixing ratio \n" .
        "!  (6 ) DCMR1  (REAL*8 ) : Q convective change (lower lvl)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) DCMR2  (REAL*8 ) : Q convective change (mid level)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) DCMR3  (REAL*8 ) : Q convective change (upper lvl)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) EFAC1  (REAL*8 ) : Ratio q to convectively induced chg (btm lvl)\n" .
        "!  (10) EFAC2  (REAL*8 ) : Ratio q to convectively induced chg (mid lvl)\n" .
        "!  (11) EFAC3  (REAL*8 ) : Ratio q to convectively induced chg (top lvl)\n" .
        "!  (12) ETAGDT (REAL*8 ) : ETA * GRAV * DT\n" .
        "!  (13) TOPFLX (REAL*8 ) : Top constituent mixing ratio flux\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Updated comments.  Added NTRACE as an argument.  Now also force \n" .
        "!        double-precision with the \"D\" exponents.  (bmy, 6/26/03)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"    ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACE\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TDT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: RPDEL(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: BETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, II, K, LEN1, M\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: INDX1(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: ADJFAC, BOTFLX, TOPFLX              \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EFAC1,  EFAC2,  EFAC3\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CMRC(IIPAR)         \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CMRH(IIPAR,LLPAR+1)   \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DCMR1(IIPAR)        \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DCMR2(IIPAR)        \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DCMR3(IIPAR)        \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: ETAGDT(IIPAR)      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! HACK_CONV begins here!\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Ensure that characteristic adjustment time scale (cmftau) \n" .
        "      ! assumed in estimate of eta isn't smaller than model time scale \n" .
        "      ! (tdt).  The time over which the convection is assumed to act \n" .
        "      ! (the adjustment time scale) can be applied with each application \n" .
        "      ! of the three-level cloud model, or applied to the column \n" .
        "      ! tendencies after a \"hard\" adjustment (i.e., on a 2-delta t \n" .
        "      ! time scale) is evaluated\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( RLXCLM ) THEN\n" .
        "         ADJFAC = TDT / ( MAX( TDT, CMFTAU ) )\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         ADJFAC = 1.0D0\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Begin moist convective mass flux adjustment procedure. \n" .
        "      ! The formalism ensures that negative cloud liquid water can \n" .
        "      ! never occur.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO 70 K = LLPAR-1, LIMCNV+1, -1\n" .
        "         LEN1 = 0\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            IF ( ETA(I,K) /= 0.0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               ETAGDT(I)   = ETA(I,K) * GRAV * TDT *0.01d0  ![hPa]\n" .
        "               LEN1        = LEN1 + 1\n" .
        "               INDX1(LEN1) = I\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               ETAGDT(I)   = 0.0d0\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Skip to next level\n" .
        "         IF ( LEN1 <= 0 ) GOTO 70\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Next, convectively modify passive constituents.  For now, \n" .
        "         ! when applying relaxation time scale to thermal fields after \n" .
        "         ! entire column has undergone convective overturning, \n" .
        "         ! constituents will be mixed using a \"relaxed\" value of the mass\n" .
        "         ! flux determined above.  Although this will be inconsistent \n" .
        "         ! with the treatment of the thermal fields, it's computationally \n" .
        "         ! much cheaper, no more-or-less justifiable, and consistent with \n" .
        "         ! how the history tape mass fluxes would be used in an off-line \n" .
        "         ! mode (i.e., using an off-line transport model)\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO 50 M = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "            DO 40 II = 1, LEN1\n" .
        "               I = INDX1(II)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! If any of the reported values of the constituent is \n" .
        "               ! negative in the three adjacent levels, nothing will \n" .
        "               ! be done to the profile.  Skip to next longitude.\n" .
        "               IF ( ( Q(I,K+1,M) < 0.0 )  .OR. \n" .
        "     &              ( Q(I,K,M)   < 0.0 )  .OR.\n" .
        "     &              ( Q(I,K-1,M) < 0.0 ) ) GOTO 40\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Specify constituent interface values (linear interpolation)\n" .
        "               CMRH(I,K  ) = 0.5d0 *( Q(I,K-1,M) + Q(I,K  ,M) )\n" .
        "               CMRH(I,K+1) = 0.5d0 *( Q(I,K  ,M) + Q(I,K+1,M) )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               CMRC(I) = Q(I,K+1,M)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Determine fluxes, flux divergence => changes due to \n" .
        "               ! convection.  Logic must be included to avoid producing \n" .
        "               ! negative values. A bit messy since there are no a priori \n" .
        "               ! assumptions about profiles.  Tendency is modified (reduced) \n" .
        "               ! when pending disaster detected.\n" .
        "               BOTFLX   = ETAGDT(I)*(CMRC(I) - CMRH(I,K+1))*ADJFAC\n" .
        "               TOPFLX   = BETA(I,K)*ETAGDT(I)*(CMRC(I)-CMRH(I,K))*ADJFAC\n" .
        "               DCMR1(I) = -BOTFLX*RPDEL(I,K+1)\n" .
        "               EFAC1    = 1.0d0\n" .
        "               EFAC2    = 1.0d0\n" .
        "               EFAC3    = 1.0d0\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K+1,M)+DCMR1(I) < 0.0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC1 = MAX(TINYALT,ABS(Q(I,K+1,M)/DCMR1(I)) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC1 == TINYALT .OR. EFAC1 > 1.0 ) EFAC1 = 0.0D0\n" .
        "               DCMR1(I) = -EFAC1*BOTFLX*RPDEL(I,K+1)\n" .
        "               DCMR2(I) = (EFAC1*BOTFLX - TOPFLX)*RPDEL(I,K)\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K,M)+DCMR2(I) < 0.0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC2 = MAX(TINYALT,ABS(Q(I,K  ,M)/DCMR2(I)) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC2 == TINYALT .OR. EFAC2 > 1.0 ) EFAC2 = 0.0D0\n" .
        "               DCMR2(I) = (EFAC1*BOTFLX - EFAC2*TOPFLX)*RPDEL(I,K)\n" .
        "               DCMR3(I) = EFAC2*TOPFLX*RPDEL(I,K-1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K-1,M)+DCMR3(I) < 0.0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC3 = MAX(TINYALT,ABS(Q(I,K-1,M)/DCMR3(I)) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC3 == TINYALT .OR. EFAC3 > 1.0 ) EFAC3 = 0.0D0\n" .
        "               EFAC3    = MIN(EFAC2,EFAC3)\n" .
        "               DCMR2(I) = (EFAC1*BOTFLX - EFAC3*TOPFLX)*RPDEL(I,K)\n" .
        "               DCMR3(I) = EFAC3*TOPFLX*RPDEL(I,K-1)\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               Q(I,K+1,M) = Q(I,K+1,M) + DCMR1(I)\n" .
        "               Q(I,K  ,M) = Q(I,K  ,M) + DCMR2(I)\n" .
        "               Q(I,K-1,M) = Q(I,K-1,M) + DCMR3(I)\n" .
        " 40         CONTINUE\n" .
        " 50      CONTINUE\n" .
        " 70   CONTINUE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE HACK_CONV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE ARCONVTRAN( DP,      MU,  MD,  EU,    MUG, \n" .
        "     &                       MDG,     DUG, EUG, EDG,   DPG,   \n" .
        "     &                       DSUBCLD, JTG, JBG, IDEEP, LENGATH )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine ARCONVTRAN sets up the convective transport using archived mass\n" .
        "!  fluxes from the ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection scheme.  The setup involves:\n" .
        "!    (1) Gather mass flux arrays.\n" .
        "!    (2) Calc the mass fluxes that are determined by mass balance.\n" .
        "!    (3) Determine top and bottom of convection.\n" .
        "!  (pjr, dsa, swu, bmy, 6/26/03, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DP      (REAL*8 ) : Delta pressure between interfaces [Pa]     Pa\n" .
        "!  (2 ) MU      (REAL*8 ) : Mass flux up                      [kg/m2/s]Pa/s\n" .
        "!  (3 ) MD      (REAL*8 ) : Mass flux down                    [kg/m2/s]Pa/s\n" .
        "!  (4 ) EU      (REAL*8 ) : Mass entraining from updraft      [1/s]    Pa/s\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (5 ) MUG     (REAL*8 ) : Gathered mu (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) MDG     (REAL*8 ) : Gathered md (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) DUG     (REAL*8 ) : Mass detraining from updraft (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) EUG     (REAL*8 ) : Gathered eu (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) EDG     (REAL*8 ) : Mass entraining from downdraft (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (10) DPG     (REAL*8 ) : Gathered .01*dp (lon-alt array)\n" .
        "!  (11) DSUBCLD (REAL*8 ) : Delta pressure from cloud base to sfc (lon-alt arr)\n" .
        "!  (12) JTG     (INTEGER) : Cloud top layer for columns undergoing conv.\n" .
        "!  (13) JBG     (INTEGER) : Cloud bottom layer for columns undergoing conv.\n" .
        "!  (14) IDEEP   (INTEGER) : Index of longitudes where deep conv. happens\n" .
        "!  (15) LENGATH (INTEGER) : Length of gathered arrays\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Removed NSTEP from arg list; it's not used.  Also zero arrays in order\n" .
        "!        to prevent them from being filled with compiler junk for latitudes\n" .
        "!        where no convection occurs at all. (bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: JTG(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: JBG(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: IDEEP(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: LENGATH\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: DP(IIPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: MU(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: MD(IIPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: EU(IIPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: MUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: MDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: DUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: EUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: EDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: DPG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(OUT) :: DSUBCLD(IIPAR)   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I, K, LENPOS \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: INDEX(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: SUM(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: RDPG(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ARCONVTRAN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize arrays\n" .
        "      DPG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      DSUBCLD = 0d0\n" .
        "      DUG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      EDG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      EUG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      JTG     = LLPAR\n" .
        "      JBG     = 1\n" .
        "      MDG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      MUG     = 0d0\n" .
        "      RDPG    = 0d0\n" .
        "      SUM     = 0d0\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! First test if convection exists in the lon band I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Sum all upward mass fluxes in the longitude band I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "      DO K = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         SUM(I) = SUM(I) + MU(I,K)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! IDEEP is the index of longitudes where SUM( up mass flux ) > 0\n" .
        "      ! LENGATH is the # of values where SUM( up mass flux ) > 0\n" .
        "      CALL WHENFGT( IIPAR, SUM, 1, 0d0, IDEEP, LENGATH )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return if there is no convection the longitude band\n" .
        "      IF ( LENGATH == 0 ) RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Gather input mass fluxes in places where there is convection\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO K = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         DPG(I,K)  = 0.01d0 * DP(IDEEP(I),K)              !convert Pa->hPa\n" .
        "         RDPG(I,K) = 1.d0 / DPG(I,K)\n" .
        "         MUG(I,K)  = MU(IDEEP(I),K) *  0.01d0             !convert Pa/s->hPa/s\n" .
        "         MDG(I,K)  = MD(IDEEP(I),K) *  0.01d0\n" .
        "         EUG(I,K)  = EU(IDEEP(I),K) *  0.01d0 * RDPG(I,K) !convert Pa/s->1/s\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Calc DU and ED in places where there is convection\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO K = 1, LLPAR-1\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         DUG(I,K) = EUG(I,K) - ( MUG(I,K) - MUG(I,K+1) ) * RDPG(I,K)\n" .
        "         EDG(I,K) = ( MDG(I,K) - MDG(I,K+1) ) * RDPG(I,K)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         DUG(I,LLPAR) = EUG(I,LLPAR) - MUG(I,LLPAR) * RDPG(I,LLPAR)\n" .
        "         EDG(I,LLPAR) = 0.0d0\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO K = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         IF ( DUG(I,K) < 1.d-7*EUG(I,K) ) DUG(I,K) = 0.0d0\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Find top and bottom layers with updrafts.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         JTG(I) = LLPAR\n" .
        "         JBG(I) = 1\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over altitudes\n" .
        "      DO K = 2, LLPAR\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Find places in the gathered array where MUG > 0\n" .
        "         CALL WHENFGT( LENGATH, MUG(:,K), 1, 0D0, INDEX, LENPOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Compute top & bottom layers\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, LENPOS    \n" .
        "            JTG(INDEX(I)) = MIN( K-1, JTG(INDEX(I)) )\n" .
        "            JBG(INDEX(I)) = MAX( K,   JBG(INDEX(I)) )\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Calc delta p between srfc and cloud base.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         DSUBCLD(I) = DPG(I,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO K = LLPAR-1, 2, -1\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, LENGATH\n" .
        "         IF ( JBG(I) <= K ) THEN\n" .
        "            DSUBCLD(I) = DSUBCLD(I) + DPG(I,K)\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE ARCONVTRAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CONVTRAN( NTRACE, Q,      MU,   MD,       DU,\n" .
        "     &                     EU,     ED,     DP,   DSUBCLD,  JT,   \n" .
        "     &                     MX,     IDEEP,  IL1G, IL2G,     NSTEP,   \n" .
        "     &                     DELT,   FRACIS, TCVV, INDEXSOL, LATI_INDEX)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CONVTRAN applies the convective transport of trace species\n" .
        "!  (assuming moist mixing ratio) using the ZHANG/MCFARLANE convection scheme. \n" .
        "!  (pjr, dsa, bmy, 6/26/03, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACE  (INTEGER) : Number of tracers to transport           [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Q       (REAL*8 ) : Tracer concentrations including moisture [v/v]\n" .
        "!  (3 ) MU      (REAL*8 ) : Mass flux up                             hPa/s\n" .
        "!  (4 ) MD      (REAL*8 ) : Mass flux down                           hPa/s\n" .
        "!  (5 ) DU      (REAL*8 ) : Mass detraining from updraft             1/s\n" .
        "!  (6 ) EU      (REAL*8 ) : Mass entraining from updraft             1/s\n" .
        "!  (7 ) ED      (REAL*8 ) : Mass entraining from downdraft           1/s\n" .
        "!  (8 ) DP      (REAL*8 ) : Delta pressure between interfaces\n" .
        "!  (9 ) DSUBCLD (REAL*8 ) : Delta pressure from cloud base to sfc\n" .
        "!  (10) JT      (INTEGER) : Index of cloud top for each column\n" .
        "!  (11) MX      (INTEGER) : Index of cloud top for each column\n" .
        "!  (12) IDEEP   (INTEGER) : Gathering array\n" .
        "!  (13) IL1G    (INTEGER) : Gathered min lon indices over which to operate\n" .
        "!  (14) IL2G    (INTEGER) : Gathered max lon indices over which to operate\n" .
        "!  (15) NSTEP   (INTEGER) : Time step index\n" .
        "!  (16) DELT    (REAL*8 ) : Time step\n" .
        "!  (17) FRACIS  (REAL*8 ) : Fraction of tracer that is insoluble\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Q       (REAL*8 ) : Contains modified tracer mixing ratios [v/v]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Important Local Variables:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) CABV    (REAL*8 ) : Mixing ratio of constituent above\n" .
        "!  (2 ) CBEL    (REAL*8 ) : Mix ratio of constituent beloqw\n" .
        "!  (3 ) CDIFR   (REAL*8 ) : Normalized diff between cabv and cbel\n" .
        "!  (4 ) CHAT    (REAL*8 ) : Mix ratio in env at interfaces\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CMIX    (REAL*8 ) : Gathered tracer array \n" .
        "!  (6 ) COND    (REAL*8 ) : Mix ratio in downdraft at interfaces\n" .
        "!  (7 ) CONU    (REAL*8 ) : Mix ratio in updraft at interfaces\n" .
        "!  (8 ) DCONDT  (REAL*8 ) : Gathered tend array \n" .
        "!  (9 ) FISG    (REAL*8 ) : gathered insoluble fraction of tracer\n" .
        "!  (10) KBM     (INTEGER) : Highest altitude index of cloud base [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (11) KTM     (INTEGER) : Hightet altitude index of cloud top  [unitless]\n" .
        "!  (12) MBSTH   (REAL*8 ) : Threshold for mass fluxes\n" .
        "!  (13) SMALL   (REAL*8 ) : A small number\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added references to \"diag_mod.f\", \"grid_mod.f\", and \"CMN_DIAG\".  \n" .
        "!        Also added TCVV and INDEXSOL as arguments.  Now only save LD38\n" .
        "!        levels of the ND38 diagnostic.  Now place NTRACE before Q in the\n" .
        "!        arg list. (swu, bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD, ONLY : AD38 \n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD, ONLY : GET_AREA_M2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"     ! ND38, LD38\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACE             \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: JT(IIPAR)          \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: MX(IIPAR)          \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IDEEP(IIPAR)       \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IL1G               \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IL2G               \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NSTEP               \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)  \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MD(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: EU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ED(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DP(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DSUBCLD(IIPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DELT                \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: FRACIS(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TCVV(NTRACE)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: INDEXSOL(NTRACE)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: LATI_INDEX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I,     K,      KBM,     KK,     KKP1\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: KM1,   KP1,    KTM,     M,      ISTEP\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: II,    JJ,     LL,      NN\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CABV,  CBEL,   CDIFR,   CD2,    DENOM\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: SMALL, MBSTH,  MUPDUDP, MINC,   MAXC\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: QN,    FLUXIN, FLUXOUT, NETFLUX             \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CHAT(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: COND(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CMIX(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: FISG(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CONU(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DCONDT(IIPAR,LLPAR)   \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: AREA_M2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CONVTRAN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! A small number\n" .
        "      SMALL = 1.d-36\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Threshold below which we treat the mass fluxes as zero (in mb/s)\n" .
        "      MBSTH = 1.d-15\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Find the highest level top and bottom levels of convection\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      KTM = LLPAR\n" .
        "      KBM = LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "         KTM = MIN( KTM, JT(I) )\n" .
        "         KBM = MIN( KBM, MX(I) )\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop ever each tracer\n" .
        "      DO M = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Gather up the tracer and set tend to zero\n" .
        "         DO K = 1,    LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "            CMIX(I,K) = Q(IDEEP(I),K,M)\n" .
        "            IF ( CMIX(I,K) < 4.d0*SMALLEST ) CMIX(I,K) = 0D0\n" .
        "            FISG(I,K) = FRACIS(IDEEP(I),K,M)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! From now on work only with gathered data\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate environment tracer values to interfaces\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO K = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "               MINC = MIN( CMIX(I,KM1), CMIX(I,K) )\n" .
        "               MAXC = MAX( CMIX(I,KM1), CMIX(I,K) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( MINC < 0d0 ) THEN \n" .
        "                  CDIFR = 0.d0\n" .
        "               ELSE\n" .
        "                  CDIFR = ABS( CMIX(I,K)-CMIX(I,KM1) ) / MAX(MAXC,SMALL)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               !------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               ! The following 2 variables are actually NOT used\n" .
        "               ! (swu, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "               !DENOM = MAX( MAXC, SMALL )       \n" .
        "               !CD2   = ABS( CMIX(I,K) - CMIX(I,KM1) ) / DENOM\n" .
        "               !------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( CDIFR > 1.d-6 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! If the two layers differ significantly.\n" .
        "                  ! use a geometric averaging procedure\n" .
        "                  CABV = MAX( CMIX(I,KM1), MAXC*TINYNUM, SMALLEST )\n" .
        "                  CBEL = MAX( CMIX(I,K),   MAXC*TINYNUM, SMALLEST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  CHAT(I,K) = LOG( CABV / CBEL)\n" .
        "     &                       /   ( CABV - CBEL)\n" .
        "     &                       *     CABV * CBEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ELSE             \n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Small diff, so just arithmetic mean\n" .
        "                  CHAT(I,K) = 0.5d0 * ( CMIX(I,K) + CMIX(I,KM1) )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Provisional up and down draft values\n" .
        "               CONU(I,K) = CHAT(I,K)\n" .
        "               COND(I,K) = CHAT(I,K)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Provisional tends\n" .
        "               DCONDT(I,K) = 0.d0\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Do levels adjacent to top and bottom\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         K   = 2\n" .
        "         KM1 = 1\n" .
        "         KK  = LLPAR \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "            MUPDUDP = MU(I,KK) + DU(I,KK) * DP(I,KK)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF ( MUPDUDP > MBSTH ) THEN\n" .
        "               CONU(I,KK) = ( EU(I,KK)*CMIX(I,KK)*DP(I,KK) ) \n" .
        "     &                 /MUPDUDP  \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF ( MD(I,K) < -MBSTH ) THEN\n" .
        "               COND(I,K) =  (-ED(I,KM1)*CMIX(I,KM1)*DP(I,KM1))\n" .
        "     &                      /MD(I,K) \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Updraft from bottom to top\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO KK = LLPAR-1,1,-1\n" .
        "            KKP1 = MIN( LLPAR, KK+1 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G,IL2G\n" .
        "               MUPDUDP = MU(I,KK) + DU(I,KK) * DP(I,KK)\n" .
        "                IF ( MUPDUDP > MBSTH ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CONU(I,KK) = (MU(I,KKP1)*CONU(I,KKP1) *FISG(I,KK)\n" .
        "     &                         +EU(I,KK)*CMIX(I,KK)*DP(I,KK)\n" .
        "     &                         )/MUPDUDP \n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Downdraft from top to bottom\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO K = 3, LLPAR\n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "               IF ( MD(I,K) < -MBSTH ) THEN\n" .
        "                  COND(I,K) =  (  MD(I,KM1)*COND(I,KM1) \n" .
        "     \$                           -ED(I,KM1)*CMIX(I,KM1)\n" .
        "     \$                         *DP(I,KM1))/MD(I,K)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO K = KTM, LLPAR\n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1,     K-1 )\n" .
        "            KP1 = MIN( LLPAR, K+1 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Version 3 limit fluxes outside convection to mass in \n" .
        "               ! appropriate layer.  These limiters are probably only safe\n" .
        "               ! for positive definite quantitities.  It assumes that mu \n" .
        "               ! and md already satify a courant number limit of 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               FLUXIN =  MU(I,KP1)* CONU(I,KP1) * FISG(I,K)\n" .
        "     \$                + (MU(I,K)+MD(I,K)) * CMIX(I,KM1) \n" .
        "     \$                -  MD(I,K)  * COND(I,K)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "               FLUXOUT = MU(I,K)   * CONU(I,K)     \n" .
        "     \$                 +(MU(I,KP1)+MD(I,KP1)) * CMIX(I,K)\n" .
        "     \$                 - MD(I,KP1) * COND(I,KP1) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "! !!!!!!! backup: also works OK !!!!!!!!! (swu, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "!              FLUXIN =  MU(I,KP1)* CONU(I,KP1) \n" .
        "!     \$                +  MU(I,K)  * 0.5d0*(CHAT(I,K)+CMIX(I,KM1)) \n" .
        "!     \$                -  MD(I,K)  * COND(I,K)   \n" .
        "!     \$                -  MD(I,KP1)* 0.5d0*(CHAT(I,KP1)+CMIX(I,KP1))\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!               FLUXOUT = MU(I,K)   * CONU(I,K)     \n" .
        "!     \$                 + MU(I,KP1) * 0.5d0*(CHAT(I,KP1)+CMIX(I,K))\n" .
        "!     \$                 - MD(I,KP1) * COND(I,KP1) \n" .
        "!     \$                 - MD(I,K)   * 0.5d0*(CHAT(I,K)+CMIX(I,K))\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!               FLUXIN =  MU(I,KP1)* CONU(I,KP1) \n" .
        "!     \$                +  MU(I,K)  * CHAT(I,K)\n" .
        "!     \$                -  MD(I,K)  * COND(I,K)   \n" .
        "!     \$                -  MD(I,KP1)* CHAT(I,KP1)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!               FLUXOUT = MU(I,K)   * CONU(I,K)     \n" .
        "!     \$                 + MU(I,KP1) * CHAT(I,KP1)\n" .
        "!     \$                 - MD(I,KP1) * COND(I,KP1) \n" .
        "!     \$                 - MD(I,K)   * CHAT(I,K)\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! ND38 Diagnostic: loss of soluble tracer [kg/s] to\n" .
        "               ! convective rainout (\"WETDCV-\$\") (swu, bmy, 12/17/03) \n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Soluble tracer index\n" .
        "               NN = INDEXSOL(M)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Only save to ND38 if it's turned on, if there are soluble \n" .
        "               ! tracers, and if we are below the LD38 level limit\n" .
        "               IF ( ND38 > 0 .and. NN > 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  II = IDEEP(I)\n" .
        "                  JJ = LATI_INDEX\n" .
        "                  LL = LLPAR - K + 1\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "                  ! Only save up to LD38 vertical levels\n" .
        "                  IF ( LL <= LD38 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "                     ! Grid box surface area [m2] \n" .
        "                     AREA_M2 = GET_AREA_M2( JJ )  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Save loss in [kg/s]\n" .
        "                     AD38(II,JJ,LL,NN) = AD38(II,JJ,LL,NN) +\n" .
        "     &                    MU(I,KP1)   * AREA_M2       * 100d0   / GRAV * \n" .
        "     &                    CONU(I,KP1) * (1-FISG(I,K)) / TCVV(M) / \n" .
        "     &                    FLOAT(NSTEP)\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               NETFLUX = FLUXIN - FLUXOUT\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( ABS(NETFLUX) < MAX(FLUXIN,FLUXOUT)*TINYNUM) THEN\n" .
        "                  NETFLUX = 0.D0\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               DCONDT(I,K) = NETFLUX / DP(I,K)\n" .
        "            ENDDO \n" .
        "         ENDDO    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO K = KBM, LLPAR             \n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( K == MX(I) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  FLUXIN  =(MU(I,K)+MD(I,K))* CMIX(I,KM1)              \n" .
        "     \$                    - MD(I,K)*COND(I,K)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  FLUXOUT = MU(I,K)*CONU(I,K) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "! !!!!!! BACK UP; also works well !!!!!!!! (swu, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "!                  FLUXIN  = MU(I,K)*0.5d0*(CHAT(I,K)+CMIX(I,KM1))\n" .
        "!     \$                    - MD(I,K)*COND(I,K)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!                  FLUXOUT = MU(I,K)*CONU(I,K) \n" .
        "!     \$                    - MD(I,K)*0.5d0*(CHAT(I,K)+CMIX(I,K))\n" .
        "!----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  NETFLUX = FLUXIN - FLUXOUT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF (ABS(NETFLUX).LT.MAX(FLUXIN,FLUXOUT)*TINYNUM) THEN\n" .
        "                     NETFLUX = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  DCONDT(I,K) = NETFLUX / DP(I,K)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ELSE IF ( K > MX(I) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  DCONDT(I,K) = 0.D0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ENDDO \n" .
        "         ENDDO    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Update and scatter data back to full arrays\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         DO K = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "            KP1 = MIN( LLPAR, K+1 )\n" .
        "            DO I = IL1G, IL2G    \n" .
        "            \n" .
        "               QN = CMIX(I,K) + DCONDT(I,K) * DELT \n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Do not make Q negative!!! (swu, 12/17/03)\n" .
        "               IF ( QN < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  QN = 0d0\n" .
        "               ENDIF            \n" .
        "\n" .
        "               Q(IDEEP(I),K,M) = QN\n" .
        "            ENDDO \n" .
        "         ENDDO    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO  !M ; End of tracer loop\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CONVTRAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE WHENFGT( N, ARRAY, INC, TARGET, INDEX, NVAL )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine WHENFGT examines a 1-D vector and returns both an index array\n" .
        "!  of elements and the number of elements which are greater than a certain \n" .
        "!  target value.  This routine came with the fvDAS convection code, we just\n" .
        "!  cleaned it up and added comments. (swu, bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) N      (INTEGER) : Number of elements in ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (2 ) ARRAY  (REAL*8 ) : 1-D vector to be examined\n" .
        "!  (3 ) INC    (INTEGER) : Increment for stepping thru ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (4 ) TARGET (REAL*8 ) : Value that ARRAY will be tested against\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (5 ) INDEX  (INTEGER) : Array  of places where ARRAY(I) > TARGET\n" .
        "!  (6 ) NVAL   (INTEGER) : Number of places where ARRAY(I) > TARGET\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Updated comments.  Now use F90 style declarations.  (bmy, 1/21/04)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: N, INC\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: ARRAY(N), TARGET\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: INDEX(N), NVAL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I, INA\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! WHENFGT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize\n" .
        "      INA      = 1\n" .
        "      NVAL     = 0\n" .
        "      INDEX(:) = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop thru the array\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, N\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If the current element of ARRAY is greater than TARGET,\n" .
        "         ! then increment NVAL and save the element # in INDEX\n" .
        "         IF ( ARRAY(INA) > TARGET ) THEN\n" .
        "	    NVAL        = NVAL + 1\n" .
        "	    INDEX(NVAL) = I\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Skip ahead by INC elements\n" .
        "         INA = INA + INC\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE WHENFGT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE FVDAS_CONVECT_ADJ( TDT,   NTRACE, Q,   RPDEL, ETA, \n" .
        "     &                          BETA,  MU,     MD,    EU,    DP,    \n" .
        "     &                          NSTEP, FRACIS, TCVV,  INDEXSOL, ADQ )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NSTEP, NTRACE             \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: INDEXSOL(NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TDT       \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)                      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: ADQ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: RPDEL(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)  \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ETA(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)    \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: BETA(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)   \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MU(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MD(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: EU(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: FRACIS(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TCVV(NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: LENGATH, ISTEP\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: JT(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: MX(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IDEEP(IIPAR)  \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DSUBCLD(IIPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DPG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: MDG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: MUG(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: QTMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: FTMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: omp_get_thread_num\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: itest\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: ip1,ip2,ip3\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: ADQTMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c!==========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, ISTEP, ADQTMP, QTMP, FTMP, MUG, MDG )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( DUG, EUG, EDG, DPG, DSUBCLD, JT, MX, IDEEP, LENGATH )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over latitudes\n" .
        "      DO J = JJPAR,1,-1\n" .
        "         ! Save lat slices of Q & FRACIS into QTMP & FTMP\n" .
        "         DO N = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ADQTMP(I,L,N) = ADQ(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "            QTMP(I,L,N)   = Q(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "            FTMP(I,L,N)   = FRACIS(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !print *,'at 1 for J=',J,' thread=',omp_get_thread_num()\n" .
        "         ! Gather mass flux arrays, compute mass fluxes, and determine top\n" .
        "         ! and bottom of Z&M convection.  LENGATH = # of longitudes in the\n" .
        "         ! band I=1,IIPAR where deep convection happens at latitude J.\n" .
        "         CALL ARCONVTRAN( DP(:,J,:),  MU(:,J,:),  MD(:,J,:),  \n" .
        "     &                    EU(:,J,:),  MUG,        MDG,         \n" .
        "     &                    DUG,        EUG,        EDG,          \n" .
        "     &                    DPG,        DSUBCLD,    JT,          \n" .
        "     &                    MX,         IDEEP,      LENGATH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over internal convection timestep\n" .
        "         !print *,'at 2 for J=',J,' thread=',omp_get_thread_num()\n" .
        "         DO ISTEP = NSTEP, 1, -1\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "            CALL ADHACK_CONV( TDT, RPDEL(:,J,:), ETA(:,J,:),  \n" .
        "     &           BETA(:,J,:), NTRACE, QTMP, ADQTMP )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF ( LENGATH > 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Only call CONVTRAN where convection happens\n" .
        "               ! (i.e. at latitudes where LENGATH > 0)\n" .
        "               CALL CONVTRAN_ADJ( NTRACE,  QTMP,    MUG,      MDG,         \n" .
        "     &                            DUG,     EUG,     EDG,      DPG,            \n" .
        "     &                            DSUBCLD, JT,      MX,       IDEEP,    \n" .
        "     &                            1,       LENGATH, NSTEP,    0.5D0*TDT,   \n" .
        "     &                            FTMP,    TCVV,    INDEXSOL, J,\n" .
        "     &                            ADQTMP )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         !print *,'at 3 for J=',J,' thread=',omp_get_thread_num()\n" .
        "         ! Save latitude slice QTMP back into global Q array\n" .
        "         DO N = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ADQ(I,J,L,N) = ADQTMP(I,L,N)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c!==========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE FVDAS_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      subroutine adhack_conv( tdt, rpdel, eta, beta, ntrace, q, adq )\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C** This routine was generated by the                         **\n" .
        "C** Tangent linear and Adjoint Model Compiler,  TAMC 5.3.2    **\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C all entries are defined explicitly\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"      ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACE\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TDT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: RPDEL(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: BETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: ADQ(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define local variables\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      double precision tmp(iipar,llpar,ntrace)\n" .
        "      double precision adbotflx\n" .
        "      double precision adcmrc(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision adcmrh(iipar,llpar+1)\n" .
        "      double precision addcmr1(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision addcmr2(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision addcmr3(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision adefac1\n" .
        "      double precision adefac2\n" .
        "      double precision adefac3\n" .
        "      double precision adjfac\n" .
        "      double precision adt1\n" .
        "      double precision adtopflx\n" .
        "      double precision botflx\n" .
        "      double precision cmrc(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision cmrh(iipar,llpar+1)\n" .
        "      double precision dcmr1(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision dcmr2(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision dcmr3(iipar)\n" .
        "      double precision efac1\n" .
        "      double precision efac2\n" .
        "      double precision efac3\n" .
        "      double precision etagdt(iipar)\n" .
        "      integer i\n" .
        "      integer ii\n" .
        "      integer ii2\n" .
        "      integer indx1(iipar)\n" .
        "      integer indx1h(iipar)\n" .
        "      integer ip1\n" .
        "      integer ip2\n" .
        "      integer k\n" .
        "      integer k2\n" .
        "      integer len1\n" .
        "      integer m\n" .
        "      double precision t1\n" .
        "      double precision temp\n" .
        "      double precision topflx\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adbotflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "      do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "        adcmrc(ip1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar+1\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adcmrh(ip1,ip2) = 0.d0\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "        addcmr1(ip1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "        addcmr2(ip1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "        addcmr3(ip1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adtopflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ROUTINE BODY\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C FUNCTION AND TAPE COMPUTATIONS\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      if (tdt .gt. cmftau) then\n" .
        "        temp = tdt\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "        temp = cmftau\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      if (rlxclm) then\n" .
        "        adjfac = tdt/temp\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "        adjfac = 1.d0\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ADJOINT COMPUTATIONS\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      do k = limcnv+1, llpar-1\n" .
        "        len1 = 0\n" .
        "        do i = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          if (eta(i,k) .ne. 0.) then\n" .
        "            etagdt(i) = eta(i,k)*grav*tdt*0.01d0\n" .
        "            len1 = len1+1\n" .
        "            indx1(len1) = i\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            etagdt(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        if (len1 .le. 0) then\n" .
        "        else\n" .
        "          do m = ntrace, 1, -1\n" .
        "            do ii = len1, 1, -1\n" .
        "              i = indx1(ii)\n" .
        "              IF(i>72)THEN\n" .
        "                 PRINT*,len1,ii,i,indx1(1:10)\n" .
        "                 stop\n" .
        "              ENDIF\n" .
        "              if (q(i,k+1,m) .lt. 0. .or. q(i,k,m) .lt. 0. .or. q(i,k-1,\n" .
        "     \$m) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                cmrh(i,k) = 0.5d0*(q(i,k-1,m)+q(i,k,m))\n" .
        "                cmrh(i,k+1) = 0.5d0*(q(i,k,m)+q(i,k+1,m))\n" .
        "                cmrc(i) = q(i,k+1,m)\n" .
        "                botflx = etagdt(i)*(cmrc(i)-cmrh(i,k+1))*adjfac\n" .
        "                topflx = beta(i,k)*etagdt(i)*(cmrc(i)-cmrh(i,k))*adjfac\n" .
        "                dcmr1(i) = -(botflx*rpdel(i,k+1))\n" .
        "                efac1 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                efac2 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k+1,m)+dcmr1(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k+1,m)/dcmr1(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac1 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac1 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac1 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac1 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  efac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                dcmr2(i) = (efac1*botflx-topflx)*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k,m)+dcmr2(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k,m)/dcmr2(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac2 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac2 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac2 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac2 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  efac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                dcmr3(i) = efac2*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k-1,m)+dcmr3(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k-1,m)/dcmr3(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac3 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac3 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac3 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac3 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  efac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac2 .gt. efac3) then\n" .
        "                  efac3 = efac2\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                addcmr3(i) = addcmr3(i)+adq(i,k-1,m)\n" .
        "                addcmr2(i) = addcmr2(i)+adq(i,k,m)\n" .
        "                addcmr1(i) = addcmr1(i)+adq(i,k+1,m)\n" .
        "                adefac3 = adefac3+addcmr3(i)*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "                adtopflx = adtopflx+addcmr3(i)*efac3*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "                addcmr3(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adbotflx = adbotflx+addcmr2(i)*efac1*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adefac1 = adefac1+addcmr2(i)*botflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adefac3 = adefac3-addcmr2(i)*topflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adtopflx = adtopflx-addcmr2(i)*efac3*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                addcmr2(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k-1,m)+dcmr3(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k-1,m)/dcmr3(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac3 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac3 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac3 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac3 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  efac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac2 .gt. efac3) then\n" .
        "                  adefac2 = adefac2+adefac3\n" .
        "                  adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k-1,m)+dcmr3(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k-1,m)/dcmr3(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac3 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac3 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac3 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac3 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k-1,m)+dcmr3(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    adt1 = adt1+adefac3\n" .
        "                    adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k-1,m)/dcmr3(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr3(i) = addcmr3(i)-adt1*(q(i,k-1,m)/(dcmr3(i)*\n" .
        "     \$dcmr3(i)))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k-1,m) = adq(i,k-1,m)+adt1/dcmr3(i)\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                adefac2 = adefac2+addcmr3(i)*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "                adtopflx = adtopflx+addcmr3(i)*efac2*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "                addcmr3(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adbotflx = adbotflx+addcmr2(i)*efac1*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adefac1 = adefac1+addcmr2(i)*botflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adefac2 = adefac2-addcmr2(i)*topflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adtopflx = adtopflx-addcmr2(i)*efac2*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                addcmr2(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                efac2 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k,m)+dcmr2(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k,m)/dcmr2(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac2 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac2 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac2 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac2 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k,m)+dcmr2(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    adt1 = adt1+adefac2\n" .
        "                    adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k,m)/dcmr2(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr2(i) = addcmr2(i)-adt1*(q(i,k,m)/(dcmr2(i)*\n" .
        "     \$dcmr2(i)))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+adt1/dcmr2(i)\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                adbotflx = adbotflx+addcmr2(i)*efac1*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adefac1 = adefac1+addcmr2(i)*botflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                adtopflx = adtopflx-addcmr2(i)*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "                addcmr2(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adbotflx = adbotflx-addcmr1(i)*efac1*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "                adefac1 = adefac1-addcmr1(i)*botflx*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "                addcmr1(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                efac1 = 1.d0\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k+1,m)+dcmr1(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k+1,m)/dcmr1(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    t1 = -t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = t1-eps\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    efac1 = tinyalt\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    efac1 = t1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (efac1 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac1 .gt. 1.) then\n" .
        "                  adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (q(i,k+1,m)+dcmr1(i) .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                    adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                    adt1 = adt1+adefac1\n" .
        "                    adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k+1,m)/dcmr1(i)\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                    adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr1(i) = addcmr1(i)-adt1*(q(i,k+1,m)/(dcmr1(i)*\n" .
        "     \$dcmr1(i)))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+adt1/dcmr1(i)\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adbotflx = adbotflx-addcmr1(i)*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "                addcmr1(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adcmrc(i) = adcmrc(i)+adtopflx*beta(i,k)*etagdt(i)*\n" .
        "     \$adjfac\n" .
        "                adcmrh(i,k) = adcmrh(i,k)-adtopflx*beta(i,k)*etagdt(i)*\n" .
        "     \$adjfac\n" .
        "                adtopflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adcmrc(i) = adcmrc(i)+adbotflx*etagdt(i)*adjfac\n" .
        "                adcmrh(i,k+1) = adcmrh(i,k+1)-adbotflx*etagdt(i)*adjfac\n" .
        "                adbotflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+adcmrc(i)\n" .
        "                adcmrc(i) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k+1)\n" .
        "                adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k+1)\n" .
        "                adcmrh(i,k+1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "                adq(i,k-1,m) = adq(i,k-1,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k)\n" .
        "                adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k)\n" .
        "                adcmrh(i,k) = 0.d0\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        endif\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end subroutine adhack_conv\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine hack_conv_adj( tdt, rpdel, eta, beta, ntrace, q, adq )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C** This routine was generated by the                         **\n" .
        "C** Tangent linear and Adjoint Model Compiler,  TAMC 5.3.2    **\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C all entries are defined explicitly\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"      ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACE\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TDT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: RPDEL(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: BETA(IIPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: Q(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: ADQ(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I,      K,      M\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: ADJFAC, BOTFLX, TOPFLX              \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: EFAC1,  EFAC2,  EFAC3\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: TMP(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define local variables\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      real*8 adbotflx\n" .
        "      real*8 adcmrc\n" .
        "      real*8 adcmrh(iipar,llpar+1)\n" .
        "      real*8 addcmr1\n" .
        "      real*8 addcmr2\n" .
        "      real*8 addcmr3\n" .
        "      real*8 adefac1\n" .
        "      real*8 adefac2\n" .
        "      real*8 adefac3\n" .
        "      real*8 adt1\n" .
        "      real*8 adtopflx\n" .
        "      real*8 cmrc\n" .
        "      real*8 cmrh(iipar,llpar+1)\n" .
        "      real*8 dcmr1\n" .
        "      real*8 dcmr2\n" .
        "      real*8 dcmr3\n" .
        "      real eps\n" .
        "      real*8 etagdt\n" .
        "      real grav\n" .
        "      integer ii,ii2\n" .
        "      integer indx1(iipar)\n" .
        "      integer indx1h(iipar)\n" .
        "      integer ip1\n" .
        "      integer ip2\n" .
        "      integer k2\n" .
        "      integer len1\n" .
        "      real*8 t1\n" .
        "      real*8 temp\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adbotflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adcmrc = 0.d0\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar+1\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adcmrh(ip1,ip2) = 0.d0\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      addcmr1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      addcmr2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      addcmr3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "      adtopflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ROUTINE BODY\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      IF ( RLXCLM ) THEN\n" .
        "         ADJFAC = TDT / ( MAX( TDT, CMFTAU ) )\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         ADJFAC = 1d0\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      do m = ntrace, 1, -1\n" .
        "         do k = limcnv+1, llpar-1\n" .
        "            do i = iipar, 1, -1\n" .
        "               etagdt = 0.d0\n" .
        "               if (eta(i,k) .gt. 0.d0) then\n" .
        "                  etagdt = eta(i,k)*grav*tdt*0.01d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               cmrh(i,k) = 0.5d0*(q(i,k-1,m)+q(i,k,m))\n" .
        "               cmrh(i,k+1) = 0.5d0*(q(i,k,m)+q(i,k+1,m))\n" .
        "               cmrc = q(i,k+1,m)\n" .
        "               botflx = etagdt*(cmrc-cmrh(i,k+1))*adjfac\n" .
        "               topflx = beta(i,k)*etagdt*(cmrc-cmrh(i,k))*adjfac\n" .
        "               dcmr1 = -(botflx*rpdel(i,k+1))\n" .
        "               efac1 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               efac2 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               ! K+1th level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K+1,M) + DCMR1 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC1 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K+1,M)/DCMR1 ) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC1 == TINYALT .or. EFAC1 > 1d0 ) EFAC1 = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               dcmr2 = (efac1*botflx-topflx)*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               ! Kth level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K,M) + DCMR2 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC2 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K,M)/DCMR2 ) - EPS )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC2 == TINYALT .or. EFAC2 > 1d0 ) EFAC2 = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               dcmr3 = efac2*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "               ! K-1th level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K-1,M) + DCMR3 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC3 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K-1,M)/DCMR3 ) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC3 == TINYALT .or. EFAC3 > 1d0 ) EFAC3 = 0d0\n" .
        "               EFAC3 = MIN( EFAC2, EFAC3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               addcmr3 = addcmr3+adq(i,k-1,m)\n" .
        "               addcmr2 = addcmr2+adq(i,k,m)\n" .
        "               addcmr1 = addcmr1+adq(i,k+1,m)\n" .
        "               adefac3 = adefac3+addcmr3*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "               adtopflx = adtopflx+addcmr3*efac3*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "               addcmr3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adbotflx = adbotflx+addcmr2*efac1*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               adefac1 = adefac1+addcmr2*botflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               adefac3 = adefac3-addcmr2*topflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               adtopflx = adtopflx-addcmr2*efac3*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               addcmr2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               ! K-1th level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K-1,M) + DCMR3 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC3 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K-1,M)/DCMR3 ) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               IF ( EFAC3 == TINYALT .or. EFAC3 > 1d0 ) EFAC3 = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               if (efac2 .gt. efac3) then\n" .
        "                  adefac2 = adefac2+adefac3\n" .
        "                  adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               efac3 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               ! K-1th level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K-1,M) + DCMR3 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC3 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K-1,M)/DCMR3 ) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               if (efac3 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac3 .gt. 1.d0) then\n" .
        "                  adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               if (q(i,k-1,m)+dcmr3 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                     adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                     adt1 = adt1+adefac3\n" .
        "                     adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k-1,m)/dcmr3\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                     adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr3 = addcmr3-adt1*(q(i,k-1,m)/(dcmr3*dcmr3))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k-1,m) = adq(i,k-1,m)+adt1/dcmr3\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               adefac2 = adefac2+addcmr3*topflx*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "               adtopflx = adtopflx+addcmr3*efac2*rpdel(i,k-1)\n" .
        "               addcmr3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               efac2 = 1.d0\n" .
        "               ! Kth level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K,M) + DCMR2 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC2 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K,M)/DCMR2 ) - EPS )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               if (efac2 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac2 .gt. 1.d0) then\n" .
        "                  adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               if (q(i,k,m)+dcmr2 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                     adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                     adt1 = adt1+adefac2\n" .
        "                     adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k,m)/dcmr2\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                     adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr2 = addcmr2-adt1*(q(i,k,m)/(dcmr2*dcmr2))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+adt1/dcmr2\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               adbotflx = adbotflx+addcmr2*efac1*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               adefac1 = adefac1+addcmr2*botflx*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               adtopflx = adtopflx-addcmr2*rpdel(i,k)\n" .
        "               addcmr2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adbotflx = adbotflx-addcmr1*efac1*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "               adefac1 = adefac1-addcmr1*botflx*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "               addcmr1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               efac1 = 1.d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! K+1th level\n" .
        "               IF ( Q(I,K+1,M) + DCMR1 < 0d0 ) THEN\n" .
        "                  EFAC1 = MAX( TINYALT, ABS( Q(I,K+1,M)/DCMR1 ) - EPS)\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               if (efac1 .eq. tinyalt .or. efac1 .gt. 1.d0) then\n" .
        "                  adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               if (q(i,k+1,m)+dcmr1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                  if (tinyalt .gt. t1) then\n" .
        "                     adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  else\n" .
        "                     adt1 = adt1+adefac1\n" .
        "                     adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  t1 = q(i,k+1,m)/dcmr1\n" .
        "                  if (t1 .lt. 0.) then\n" .
        "                     adt1 = -adt1\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "                  addcmr1 = addcmr1-adt1*(q(i,k+1,m)/(dcmr1*dcmr1))\n" .
        "                  adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+adt1/dcmr1\n" .
        "                  adt1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               adefac3 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adefac2 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adefac1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adbotflx = adbotflx-addcmr1*rpdel(i,k+1)\n" .
        "               addcmr1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adcmrc = adcmrc+adtopflx*beta(i,k)*etagdt*adjfac\n" .
        "               adcmrh(i,k) = adcmrh(i,k)-adtopflx*beta(i,k)*etagdt*\n" .
        "     &              adjfac\n" .
        "               adtopflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adcmrc = adcmrc+adbotflx*etagdt*adjfac\n" .
        "               adcmrh(i,k+1) = adcmrh(i,k+1)-adbotflx*etagdt*adjfac\n" .
        "               adbotflx = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+adcmrc\n" .
        "               adcmrc = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adq(i,k+1,m) = adq(i,k+1,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k+1)\n" .
        "               adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k+1)\n" .
        "               adcmrh(i,k+1) = 0.d0\n" .
        "               adq(i,k-1,m) = adq(i,k-1,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k)\n" .
        "               adq(i,k,m) = adq(i,k,m)+0.5d0*adcmrh(i,k)\n" .
        "               adcmrh(i,k) = 0.d0\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "         end do\n" .
        "         adcmrh(:,:) = 0.d0\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end subroutine hack_conv_adj\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CONVTRAN_ADJ( NTRACE, Q,      MU,   MD,       DU,\n" .
        "     &     EU,     ED,     DP,   DSUBCLD,  JT,   \n" .
        "     &     MX,     IDEEP,  IL1G, IL2G,     NSTEP,   \n" .
        "     &     DELT,   FRACIS, TCVV, INDEXSOL, LATI_INDEX,\n" .
        "     &     ADQ)\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"     ! ND38, LD38\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACE             \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: JT(IIPAR)          \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: MX(IIPAR)          \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IDEEP(IIPAR)       \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IL1G               \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: IL2G               \n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NSTEP               \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: ADQ(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE)  \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: MD(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: EU(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: ED(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DP(IIPAR,LLPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DSUBCLD(IIPAR)      \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: DELT                \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: FRACIS(IIPAR,LLPAR,NTRACE) \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TCVV(NTRACE)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: INDEXSOL(NTRACE)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: LATI_INDEX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I,     K,      KBM,     KK,     KKP1\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: KM1,   KP1,    KTM,     M,      ISTEP\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: II,    JJ,     LL,      NN\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CABV,  CBEL,   CDIFR,   CD2,    DENOM\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: SMALL, MBSTH,  MUPDUDP, MINC,   MAXC\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: QN,    FLUXIN, FLUXOUT, NETFLUX             \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CHAT(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: COND(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CMIX(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: FISG(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CONU(IIPAR,LLPAR)     \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DCONDT(IIPAR,LLPAR)   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer ip1,ip2,m1\n" .
        "      real*8 adcabv\n" .
        "      real*8 adcbel\n" .
        "      real*8 adcdifr\n" .
        "      real*8 adchat(iipar,llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adcmix(iipar,llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adcond(iipar,llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adconu(iipar,llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 addcondt(iipar,llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adfluxin\n" .
        "      real*8 adfluxout\n" .
        "      real*8 admaxc\n" .
        "      real*8 adminc\n" .
        "      real*8 adnetflux\n" .
        "      real*8 adqn\n" .
        "      real*8 adtmp\n" .
        "      real*8 tmp\n" .
        "      double precision adconuh\n" .
        "      double precision adcondh\n" .
        "      double precision qtmp(iipar,llpar,ntrace)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adcabv = 0.\n" .
        "      adcbel = 0.\n" .
        "      adcdifr = 0.\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adchat(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adcmix(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adcond(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          adconu(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, iipar\n" .
        "          addcondt(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      adfluxin = 0.\n" .
        "      adfluxout = 0.\n" .
        "      admaxc = 0.\n" .
        "      adminc = 0.\n" .
        "      adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "      adqn = 0.\n" .
        "      adtmp = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CONVTRAN begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! A small number\n" .
        "      SMALL = 1.d-36\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Threshold below which we treat the mass fluxes as zero (in mb/s)\n" .
        "      MBSTH = 1.d-15\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Find the highest level top and bottom levels of convection\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      KTM = LLPAR\n" .
        "      KBM = LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = IL1G, IL2G\n" .
        "         KTM = MIN( KTM, JT(I) )\n" .
        "         KBM = MIN( KBM, MX(I) )\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop ever each tracer\n" .
        "      DO M = NTRACE,1,-1\n" .
        "         do k = 1, llpar\n" .
        "            do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "               cmix(i,k) = q(ideep(i),k,m)\n" .
        "               if (cmix(i,k) .lt. 4.d0*smallest) then\n" .
        "                  cmix(i,k) = 0.d0\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               fisg(i,k) = fracis(ideep(i),k,m)\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "         end do\n" .
        "         do k = 1, llpar           \n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "            do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "               MINC = MIN( CMIX(I,KM1), CMIX(I,K) )\n" .
        "              MAXC = MAX( CMIX(I,KM1), CMIX(I,K) )\n" .
        "              \n" .
        "              IF ( MINC < 0d0 ) THEN \n" .
        "                 CDIFR = 0.d0\n" .
        "              ELSE\n" .
        "                 CDIFR = ABS( CMIX(I,K)-CMIX(I,KM1) ) / MAX(MAXC,SMALL)\n" .
        "              ENDIF\n" .
        "              \n" .
        "              IF ( CDIFR > 1.d-6 ) THEN\n" .
        "                 \n" .
        "                  ! If the two layers differ significantly.\n" .
        "                  ! use a geometric averaging procedure\n" .
        "                 CABV = MAX( CMIX(I,KM1), MAXC*TINYNUM, SMALLEST )\n" .
        "                 CBEL = MAX( CMIX(I,K),   MAXC*TINYNUM, SMALLEST )\n" .
        "                 \n" .
        "                 CHAT(I,K) = LOG( CABV / CBEL)\n" .
        "     &                /   ( CABV - CBEL)\n" .
        "     &                *     CABV * CBEL\n" .
        "                 \n" .
        "              ELSE             \n" .
        "                 \n" .
        "                  ! Small diff, so just arithmetic mean\n" .
        "                 CHAT(I,K) = 0.5d0 * ( CMIX(I,K) + CMIX(I,KM1) )\n" .
        "              ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            conu(i,k) = chat(i,k)\n" .
        "            cond(i,k) = chat(i,k)\n" .
        "            dcondt(i,k) = 0.d0\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        k = 2\n" .
        "        km1 = 1\n" .
        "        kk = llpar\n" .
        "        do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "          mupdudp = mu(i,kk)+du(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)\n" .
        "          if (mupdudp .gt. mbsth) then\n" .
        "            conu(i,kk) = eu(i,kk)*cmix(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)/mupdudp\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          if (md(i,k) .lt. (-mbsth)) then\n" .
        "            cond(i,k) = (-(ed(i,km1)*cmix(i,km1)*dp(i,km1)))/md(i,k)\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do kk = llpar-1, 1, -1\n" .
        "          if (llpar .gt. kk+1) then\n" .
        "            kkp1 = kk+1\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            kkp1 = llpar\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            mupdudp = mu(i,kk)+du(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)\n" .
        "            if (mupdudp .gt. mbsth) then\n" .
        "              conu(i,kk) = (mu(i,kkp1)*conu(i,kkp1)*fisg(i,kk)+eu(i,kk)*\n" .
        "     \$cmix(i,kk)*dp(i,kk))/mupdudp\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = 3, llpar\n" .
        "           KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            if (md(i,k) .lt. (-mbsth)) then\n" .
        "              cond(i,k) = (md(i,km1)*cond(i,km1)-ed(i,km1)*cmix(i,km1)*\n" .
        "     \$dp(i,km1))/md(i,k)\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = ktm, llpar\n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1,     K-1 )\n" .
        "            KP1 = MIN( LLPAR, K+1 )\n" .
        "            do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            fluxin = mu(i,kp1)*conu(i,kp1)*fisg(i,k)+(mu(i,k)+md(i,k))*\n" .
        "     \$cmix(i,km1)-md(i,k)*cond(i,k)\n" .
        "            fluxout = mu(i,k)*conu(i,k)+(mu(i,kp1)+md(i,kp1))*cmix(i,k)-\n" .
        "     \$md(i,kp1)*cond(i,kp1)\n" .
        "            netflux = fluxin-fluxout\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF ( ABS(NETFLUX) < MAX(FLUXIN,FLUXOUT)*TINYNUM) THEN\n" .
        "               NETFLUX = 0.D0\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            dcondt(i,k) = netflux/dp(i,k)\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = kbm, llpar\n" .
        "          if (k-1 .gt. 1) then\n" .
        "            km1 = k-1\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            km1 = 1\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            if (k .eq. mx(i)) then\n" .
        "              fluxin = (mu(i,k)+md(i,k))*cmix(i,km1)-md(i,k)*cond(i,k)\n" .
        "              fluxout = mu(i,k)*conu(i,k)\n" .
        "              netflux = fluxin-fluxout\n" .
        "\n" .
        "              IF ( ABS(NETFLUX) < MAX(FLUXIN,FLUXOUT)*TINYNUM) THEN\n" .
        "                 NETFLUX = 0.D0\n" .
        "              ENDIF\n" .
        "              dcondt(i,k) = netflux/dp(i,k)\n" .
        "           else if (k .gt. mx(i)) then\n" .
        "              dcondt(i,k) = 0.d0\n" .
        "           endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = 1, llpar\n" .
        "          adqn = 0.\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            adqn = 0.\n" .
        "            qn = cmix(i,k)+dcondt(i,k)*delt\n" .
        "            adqn = adqn+adq(ideep(i),k,m)\n" .
        "            adq(ideep(i),k,m) = 0.d0\n" .
        "            if (qn .lt. 0.d0) then\n" .
        "              adqn = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adqn\n" .
        "            addcondt(i,k) = addcondt(i,k)+adqn*delt\n" .
        "            adqn = 0.\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = llpar, kbm, -1         \n" .
        "            KM1 = MAX( 1, K-1 )\n" .
        "          do i = il2g, il1g, -1\n" .
        "            if (k .eq. mx(i)) then\n" .
        "              fluxin = (mu(i,k)+md(i,k))*cmix(i,km1)-md(i,k)*cond(i,k)\n" .
        "              fluxout = mu(i,k)*conu(i,k)\n" .
        "              netflux = fluxin-fluxout\n" .
        "              adnetflux = adnetflux+addcondt(i,k)/dp(i,k)\n" .
        "              addcondt(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "              if (fluxin .gt. fluxout) then\n" .
        "                if (netflux .lt. fluxin*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                if ((-netflux) .lt. fluxout*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "              adfluxin = adfluxin+adnetflux\n" .
        "              adfluxout = adfluxout-adnetflux\n" .
        "              adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "              adconu(i,k) = adconu(i,k)+adfluxout*mu(i,k)\n" .
        "              adfluxout = 0.\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adfluxin*(mu(i,k)+md(i,k))\n" .
        "              adcond(i,k) = adcond(i,k)-adfluxin*md(i,k)\n" .
        "              adfluxin = 0.\n" .
        "            else if (k .gt. mx(i)) then\n" .
        "              addcondt(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = ktm, llpar\n" .
        "          adfluxin = 0.\n" .
        "          adfluxout = 0.\n" .
        "          adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "          KM1 = MAX( 1,     K-1 )\n" .
        "          KP1 = MIN( LLPAR, K+1 )\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            adfluxin = 0.\n" .
        "            adfluxout = 0.\n" .
        "            adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "            fluxin = mu(i,kp1)*conu(i,kp1)*fisg(i,k)+(mu(i,k)+md(i,k))*\n" .
        "     \$cmix(i,km1)-md(i,k)*cond(i,k)\n" .
        "            fluxout = mu(i,k)*conu(i,k)+(mu(i,kp1)+md(i,kp1))*cmix(i,k)-\n" .
        "     \$md(i,kp1)*cond(i,kp1)\n" .
        "            netflux = fluxin-fluxout\n" .
        "            adnetflux = adnetflux+addcondt(i,k)/dp(i,k)\n" .
        "            addcondt(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            if (fluxin .gt. fluxout) then\n" .
        "              if (netflux .lt. fluxin*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              if ((-netflux) .lt. fluxout*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            adfluxin = adfluxin+adnetflux\n" .
        "            adfluxout = adfluxout-adnetflux\n" .
        "            adnetflux = 0.\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adfluxout*(mu(i,kp1)+md(i,kp1))\n" .
        "            adcond(i,kp1) = adcond(i,kp1)-adfluxout*md(i,kp1)\n" .
        "            adconu(i,k) = adconu(i,k)+adfluxout*mu(i,k)\n" .
        "            adfluxout = 0.\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adfluxin*(mu(i,k)+md(i,k))\n" .
        "            adcond(i,k) = adcond(i,k)-adfluxin*md(i,k)\n" .
        "            adconu(i,kp1) = adconu(i,kp1)+adfluxin*mu(i,kp1)*fisg(i,k)\n" .
        "            adfluxin = 0.\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = llpar, 3, -1\n" .
        "           KM1 = MAX( 1,     K-1 )\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            if (md(i,k) .lt. (-mbsth)) then\n" .
        "              adcondh = adcond(i,k)\n" .
        "              adcond(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)-adcondh*(ed(i,km1)*dp(i,km1)\n" .
        "     \$/md(i,k))\n" .
        "              adcond(i,km1) = adcond(i,km1)+adcondh*(md(i,km1)/md(i,k))\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do kk = 1, llpar-1\n" .
        "          if (llpar .gt. kk+1) then\n" .
        "            kkp1 = kk+1\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            kkp1 = llpar\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            mupdudp = mu(i,kk)+du(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)\n" .
        "            if (mupdudp .gt. mbsth) then\n" .
        "              adconuh = adconu(i,kk)\n" .
        "              adconu(i,kk) = 0.\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,kk) = adcmix(i,kk)+adconuh*(eu(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)/\n" .
        "     \$mupdudp)\n" .
        "              adconu(i,kkp1) = adconu(i,kkp1)+adconuh*(mu(i,kkp1)*\n" .
        "     \$fisg(i,kk)/mupdudp)\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        k = 2\n" .
        "        km1 = 1\n" .
        "        kk = llpar\n" .
        "        do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "          mupdudp = mu(i,kk)+du(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)\n" .
        "          if (md(i,k) .lt. (-mbsth)) then\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)-adcond(i,k)*(ed(i,km1)*dp(i,\n" .
        "     \$km1)/md(i,k))\n" .
        "            adcond(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          if (mupdudp .gt. mbsth) then\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,kk) = adcmix(i,kk)+adconu(i,kk)*(eu(i,kk)*dp(i,kk)/\n" .
        "     \$mupdudp)\n" .
        "            adconu(i,kk) = 0.\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = llpar, 1, -1\n" .
        "          if (k-1 .gt. 1) then\n" .
        "            km1 = k-1\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            km1 = 1\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "          do i = il2g, il1g, -1\n" .
        "            if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. cmix(i,k)) then\n" .
        "              minc = cmix(i,k)\n" .
        "              maxc = cmix(i,km1)\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              minc = cmix(i,km1)\n" .
        "              maxc = cmix(i,k)\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            if (minc .lt. 0.d0) then\n" .
        "              cdifr = 0.d0\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              if (maxc .gt. small) then\n" .
        "                tmp = maxc\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                tmp = small\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "              if (cmix(i,k) .gt. cmix(i,km1)) then\n" .
        "                cdifr = cmix(i,k)-cmix(i,km1)/tmp\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                cdifr = cmix(i,km1)-cmix(i,k)/tmp\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            addcondt(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            adchat(i,k) = adchat(i,k)+adcond(i,k)\n" .
        "            adcond(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            adchat(i,k) = adchat(i,k)+adconu(i,k)\n" .
        "            adconu(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            if (cdifr .gt. 1.d-6) then\n" .
        "              if (maxc*tinynum .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. maxc*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  cabv = cmix(i,km1)\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  cabv = maxc*tinynum\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,k) .gt. maxc*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  cbel = cmix(i,k)\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  cbel = maxc*tinynum\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                  cabv = cmix(i,km1)\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  cabv = smallest\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,k) .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                  cbel = cmix(i,k)\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  cbel = smallest\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "              adcabv = adcabv+adchat(i,k)*(log(cabv/cbel)/(cabv-cbel)+\n" .
        "     \$(1./(cabv/cbel)/cbel/(cabv-cbel)-log(cabv/cbel)/((cabv-cbel)*\n" .
        "     \$(cabv-cbel)))*cabv)*cbel\n" .
        "              adcbel = adcbel+adchat(i,k)*(log(cabv/cbel)/(cabv-cbel)*\n" .
        "     \$cabv+((-(1./(cabv/cbel)*(cabv/(cbel*cbel))/(cabv-cbel)))+log(cabv/\n" .
        "     \$cbel)/((cabv-cbel)*(cabv-cbel)))*cabv*cbel)\n" .
        "              adchat(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "              if (maxc*tinynum .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,k) .gt. maxc*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adcbel\n" .
        "                  adcbel = 0.\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  admaxc = admaxc+adcbel*tinynum\n" .
        "                  adcbel = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. maxc*tinynum) then\n" .
        "                  adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adcabv\n" .
        "                  adcabv = 0.\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  admaxc = admaxc+adcabv*tinynum\n" .
        "                  adcabv = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,k) .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                  adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adcbel\n" .
        "                  adcbel = 0.\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  adcbel = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "                if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. smallest) then\n" .
        "                  adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adcabv\n" .
        "                  adcabv = 0.\n" .
        "                else\n" .
        "                  adcabv = 0.\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+0.5d0*adchat(i,k)\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+0.5d0*adchat(i,k)\n" .
        "              adchat(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            if (minc .lt. 0.d0) then\n" .
        "              adcdifr = 0.\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              if (cmix(i,k) .gt. cmix(i,km1)) then\n" .
        "                adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adcdifr\n" .
        "                adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)-adcdifr/tmp\n" .
        "                adtmp = adtmp+adcdifr*(cmix(i,km1)/(tmp*tmp))\n" .
        "                adcdifr = 0.\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)-adcdifr/tmp\n" .
        "                adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adcdifr\n" .
        "                adtmp = adtmp+adcdifr*(cmix(i,k)/(tmp*tmp))\n" .
        "                adcdifr = 0.\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "              if (maxc .gt. small) then\n" .
        "                admaxc = admaxc+adtmp\n" .
        "                adtmp = 0.\n" .
        "              else\n" .
        "                adtmp = 0.\n" .
        "              endif\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            if (cmix(i,km1) .gt. cmix(i,k)) then\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+admaxc\n" .
        "              admaxc = 0.\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+adminc\n" .
        "              adminc = 0.\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,k) = adcmix(i,k)+admaxc\n" .
        "              admaxc = 0.\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,km1) = adcmix(i,km1)+adminc\n" .
        "              adminc = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "        do k = 1, llpar\n" .
        "          do i = il1g, il2g\n" .
        "            cmix(i,k) = q(ideep(i),k,m)\n" .
        "            if (cmix(i,k) .lt. 4.d0*smallest) then\n" .
        "              adcmix(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            adq(ideep(i),k,m) = adq(ideep(i),k,m)+adcmix(i,k)\n" .
        "            adcmix(i,k) = 0.\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO  !M ; End of tracer loop\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CONVTRAN_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
	"      END MODULE FVDAS_CONVECT_MOD\n" .
	"\n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Modify convection_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modConvectionMod
{
    printf "Modifying convection_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: DO_CONVECTION/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE NFCLDMX/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_CONVECTION_ADJ calls the appropriate convection adjoint driver \n" .
        "!  program for different met field data sets. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD, ONLY : N_TRACERS, TCVV, STT, STT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"define.h\"   ! C-preprocessor switches \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-4 met fields\n" .
        "      !-------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GEOS-4 convection adjoint driver routine\n" .
        "      CALL DO_GEOS4_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "      !-------------------------\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !-------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call the adjoint of S-J Lin convection routine for GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !CALL NFCLDMX_ADJ( N_TRACERS, STT, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "      CALL ADJ_NFCLDMX( N_TRACERS, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine adj_nfcldmx ( nc, q )\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C** This routine was generated by the                         **\n" .
        "C** Tangent linear and Adjoint Model Compiler,  TAMC 5.3.2    **\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "C***************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine NFCLDMX is S-J Lin's cumulus transport module for 3D GSFC-CTM,\n" .
        "!  modified for the GEOS-CHEM model.  The \"NF\" stands for \"no flipping\", and\n" .
        "!  denotes that you don't have to flip the tracer array Q in the main\n" .
        "!  program before passing it to NFCLDMX. (bmy, 2/12/97, 1/19/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTE: NFCLDMX can be used with GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, and GEOS-3 met fields.\n" .
        "!  For GEOS-4/fVDAS, you must use the routines in \"fvdas_convect_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!  (bmy, 6/26/03)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ==========================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NC    : TOTAL number of tracers (soluble + insoluble) [unitless]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input/Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (2 )  Q    : Tracer concentration                          [v/v]\n" .
        "!  (3 )  ADQ  : Adjoint tracer concentration                  [kg]\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,   CLDMAS, DTRN=>DTRAIN\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : AD37, AD38,   CONVFLUP\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,          ONLY : GET_AREA_M2\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : ADD_Hg2_WD\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : GET_BP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CONV\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IS_Hg2\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : COMPUTE_F\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C all entries are defined explicitly\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"     ! Diagnostic switches & arrays\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NC \n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: Q(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NC)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE          :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, K, KTOP, L, N, NDT\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IC, ISTEP, JUMP, JS, JN, NS\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IMR, JNP, NLAY\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  SAVE          :: DSIG(LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: SDT, CMOUT, ENTRN, DQ, AREA_M2\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, TSUM, DELQ\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DTCSUM(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NNPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! F is the fraction of tracer lost to wet scavenging in updrafts\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: F(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NC)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Work arrays\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: BMASS(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      !REAL*8                 :: QB(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      !REAL*8                 :: MB(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      !REAL*8                 :: QC(IIPAR,JJPAR) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! TINY = a very small number\n" .
        "      REAL*8, PARAMETER      :: TINY = 1d-14 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! ISOL is an index for the diagnostic arrays\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: ISOL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! QC_PRES and QC_SCAV are the amounts of tracer \n" .
        "      ! preserved against and lost to wet scavenging\n" .
        "      !REAL*8                 :: QC_PRES, QC_SCAV \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! DNS is the double precision value for NS\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: DNS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define arguments (comment out those already defined)\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      real*8 adq_in(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adq_out(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 vbmass(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 vcldmas(llpar)\n" .
        "      !real*8 dsig(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 vdtrn(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 vf(llpar)\n" .
        "      !integer ktop\n" .
        "      !integer ns\n" .
        "      !real*8 sdt\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "C define local variables (comment out those already defined)\n" .
        "C==============================================\n" .
        "      real*8 addelq\n" .
        "      real*8 adq(llpar)\n" .
        "      real*8 adqb\n" .
        "      real*8 adqc\n" .
        "      real*8 adqc_pres\n" .
        "      real*8 adt1\n" .
        "      real*8 adt2\n" .
        "      real*8 adt3\n" .
        "      real*8 adt4\n" .
        "      real*8 adtsum\n" .
        "      !real*8 cmout\n" .
        "      !real*8 entrn\n" .
        "      integer ip1\n" .
        "      !integer istep\n" .
        "      !integer k\n" .
        "      real*8 mb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ROUTINE BODY\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C FUNCTION AND TAPE COMPUTATIONS\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      IF ( FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR        \n" .
        "            DSIG(L) = GET_BP(L) - GET_BP(L+1)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Reset first time flag\n" .
        "         FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      imr = iipar\n" .
        "      jnp = jjpar\n" .
        "      nlay = llpar\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Convection timestep [s]\n" .
        "      NDT  = GET_TS_CONV() * 60d0\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "      ktop = nlay-1\n" .
        "      jump = (jnp-1)/20\n" .
        "      js = 1+jump\n" .
        "      jn = jnp-js+1\n" .
        "      ns = ndt/300\n" .
        "      ns = max(ns,1)\n" .
        "      sdt = float(ndt)/float(ns)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do k = 1, nlay\n" .
        "        do j = 1, jjpar\n" .
        "          area_m2 = get_area_m2(j)\n" .
        "          do i = 1, imr\n" .
        "            bmass(i,j,k) = ad(i,j,k)/area_m2\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      do ic = 1, nc\n" .
        "         CALL COMPUTE_F( IC, F(:,:,:,IC), ISOL ) \n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( CMOUT, DELQ, ENTRN, I, IC, ISOL, ISTEP, J, K  )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( MB, T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, TSUM )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( addelq, adqb, adqc, adqc_pres, adt1, adt2, adt3, adt4 )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( adtsum, ip1, adq_out, vdtrn, vbmass, vcldmas, vf )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( adq_in, adq )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO IC = 1, NC\n" .
        "      DO J  = JS, JN\n" .
        "      DO I  = 1, IMR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      adq_out(:)  = Q     (I,J,:,IC)\n" .
        "      vdtrn  (:)  = DTRN  (I,J,:)\n" .
        "      vbmass (:)  = BMASS (I,J,:)\n" .
        "      vcldmas(:)  = CLDMAS(I,J,:)\n" .
        "      vf     (:)  = F     (I,J,:,IC)  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      addelq = 0.\n" .
        "      do ip1 = 1, llpar\n" .
        "        adq(ip1) = 0.\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      adqb = 0.\n" .
        "      adqc = 0.\n" .
        "      adqc_pres = 0.\n" .
        "      adt1 = 0.\n" .
        "      adt2 = 0.\n" .
        "      adt3 = 0.\n" .
        "      adt4 = 0.\n" .
        "      adtsum = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ROUTINE BODY\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adq(:) = adq(:)+adq_out(:)\n" .
        "      adq_in(:) = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      adq_out(:) = 0.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      ! IF ( L_PRINTFD .and. i == IFD .and. j == JFD .and.\n" .
        "      !&    ic == STT2ADJ(NFD) ) THEN\n" .
        "      !     print*, 'adq = ', adq\n" .
        "      ! ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do istep = ns, 1, -1\n" .
        "        do k = ktop, 3, -1\n" .
        "          if (vcldmas(k-1) .gt. tiny) then\n" .
        "            cmout = vcldmas(k)+vdtrn(k)\n" .
        "            entrn = cmout-vcldmas(k-1)\n" .
        "            addelq = addelq+adq(k)\n" .
        "            adtsum = adtsum+addelq*(sdt/vbmass(k))\n" .
        "            addelq = 0.\n" .
        "            adt1 = adt1+adtsum\n" .
        "            adt2 = adt2+adtsum\n" .
        "            adt3 = adt3+adtsum\n" .
        "            adt4 = adt4+adtsum\n" .
        "            adtsum = 0.\n" .
        "            adq(k) = adq(k)-adt4*vcldmas(k-1)\n" .
        "            adt4 = 0.\n" .
        "            adq(k+1) = adq(k+1)+adt3*vcldmas(k)\n" .
        "            adt3 = 0.\n" .
        "            adqc = adqc-adt2*vcldmas(k)\n" .
        "            adt2 = 0.\n" .
        "            adqc_pres = adqc_pres+adt1*vcldmas(k-1)\n" .
        "            adt1 = 0.\n" .
        "            if (entrn .ge. 0) then\n" .
        "              adq(k) = adq(k)+adqc*(entrn/cmout)\n" .
        "              adqc_pres = adqc_pres+adqc*(vcldmas(k-1)/cmout)\n" .
        "              adqc = 0.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            adqc = adqc+adqc_pres*(1.d0-vf(k))\n" .
        "            adqc_pres = 0.\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            adq(k) = adq(k)+adqc\n" .
        "            adqc = 0.\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        !   IF ( L_PRINTFD .and. i == IFD .and. j == JFD .and.\n" .
        "        !&    ic == STT2ADJ(NFD) ) THEN\n" .
        "        !     print*, 'adq = ', adq\n" .
        "        !   ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        if (vcldmas(2) .gt. tiny) then\n" .
        "          mb = vbmass(1)+vbmass(2)\n" .
        "          adqc = adqc+adq(1)\n" .
        "          adq(1) = 0.\n" .
        "          adqc = adqc+adq(2)\n" .
        "          adq(2) = 0.\n" .
        "          adq(3) = adq(3)+adqc*(vcldmas(2)*sdt/(mb+vcldmas(2)*sdt))\n" .
        "          adqb = adqb+adqc*(mb/(mb+vcldmas(2)*sdt))\n" .
        "          adqc = 0.\n" .
        "          adq(2) = adq(2)+adqb*(dsig(2)/(dsig(1)+dsig(2)))\n" .
        "          adq(1) = adq(1)+adqb*(dsig(1)/(dsig(1)+dsig(2)))\n" .
        "          adqb = 0.\n" .
        "        else\n" .
        "          adq(3) = adq(3)+adqc\n" .
        "          adqc = 0.\n" .
        "        endif\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      adq_in(:) = adq_in(:)+adq(:)\n" .
        "      adq(:) = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      Q(I,J,:,IC) = adq_in(:)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO           !I\n" .
        "      ENDDO           !J\n" .
        "      ENDDO           !IC\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end subroutine adj_nfcldmx\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GEOS4_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine DO_GEOS4_CONVECT_ADJ is a wrapper for the GEOS-4/fvDAS adjoint \n" .
        "!  convection code.  This was generated using TAMC and interfaced with the \n" .
        "!  forward DO_GEOS4_CONVECT subroutine.        (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!*****************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : HKETA, HKBETA, ZMEU, ZMMU, ZMMD\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : AD37\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FVDAS_CONVECT_MOD, ONLY : INIT_FVDAS_CONVECT,FVDAS_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CONV\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : N_TRACERS, TCVV, STT, STT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : GET_PEDGE\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : COMPUTE_F\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! ND37, LD37 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables \n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE              :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER                    :: I, ISOL, J, L, L2, N, NSTEP  \n" .
        "      INTEGER                    :: INDEXSOL(N_TRACERS) \n" .
        "      INTEGER                    :: CONVDT    \n" .
        "      REAL*8                     :: F(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                     :: RPDEL(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                     :: DP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8                     :: P1, P2, TDT   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_GEOS4_CONVECT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Convection timestep [s]\n" .
        "      CONVDT = GET_TS_CONV() * 60d0 \n" .
        "       \n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the # of internal convection timesteps.  According to\n" .
        "      ! notes in the old convection code, 300s works well. (swu, 12/12/03)\n" .
        "      NSTEP  = CONVDT / 300    \n" .
        "      NSTEP  = MAX( NSTEP, 1 ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! TIMESTEP*2; will be divided by 2 before passing to CONVTRAN \n" .
        "      TDT    = DBLE( CONVDT ) * 2.0D0 / DBLE( NSTEP )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_G4_CONV: a INIT_FV' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Before calling convection, compute the fraction of insoluble\n" .
        "      ! tracer (Finsoluble) lost in updrafts.  Finsoluble = 1-Fsoluble.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, ISOL )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get fraction of tracer scavenged and the soluble tracer \n" .
        "         ! index (ISOL). For non-soluble tracers, F=0 and ISOL=0.\n" .
        "         CALL COMPUTE_F( N, F(:,:,:,N), ISOL ) \n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store ISOL in an array for later use\n" .
        "         INDEXSOL(N) = ISOL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over grid boxes\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! GEOS-4 convection routines need the insoluble fraction\n" .
        "            F(I,J,L,N) = 1d0 - F(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "       \n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_G4_CONV: a COMPUTE_F' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Compute pressure thickness arrays DP and RPDEL\n" .
        "      ! These arrays are indexed from atm top --> surface\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, L2, P1, P2 )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! L2 runs from the atm top down to the surface\n" .
        "         L2 = LLPAR - L + 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over surface grid boxes\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Pressure at bottom and top edges of grid box [hPa]\n" .
        "            P1 = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L)\n" .
        "            P2 = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! DP = Pressure difference between top & bottom edges [Pa]\n" .
        "            DP(I,J,L2) = ( P1 - P2 ) * 100.0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! RPDEL = reciprocal of DP [1/hPa]\n" .
        "            RPDEL(I,J,L2) = 100.0d0 / DP(I,J,L2) \n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_G4_CONV: a DP, RPDEL' )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Flip arrays in the vertical and call FVDAS_CONVECT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call the fvDAS convection routines (originally from NCAR!)\n" .
        "      CALL FVDAS_CONVECT_ADJ( TDT,      \n" .
        "     &                    N_TRACERS, \n" .
        "     &                    STT   (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),    \n" .
        "     &                    RPDEL,         \n" .
        "     &                    HKETA (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  ),\n" .
        "     &                    HKBETA(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  ), \n" .
        "     &                    ZMMU  (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  ),    \n" .
        "     &                    ZMMD  (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  ),  \n" .
        "     &                    ZMEU  (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1  ),  \n" .
        "     &                    DP,     \n" .
        "     &                    NSTEP,    \n" .
        "     &                    F     (:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:),         \n" .
        "     &                    TCVV,   \n" .
        "     &                    INDEXSOL,STT_ADJ(:,:,LLPAR:1:-1,:) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug! \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### DO_G4_CONV: a FVDAS_CONVECT' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GEOS4_CONVECT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify a6_read_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modA6ReadMod
{
    printf "Modifying a6_read_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: UNZIP_A6_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ\n" .
	"      PUBLIC :: OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE OPEN_A6_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      FUNCTION DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS ) RESULT( DO_OPEN )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ returns TRUE if is time to open the A-6 met field file\n" .
        "!  or FALSE otherwise.  This prevents us from opening a file which has already\n" .
        "!  been opened. Based on DO_OPEN_A6, the difference is that in adjoint mode\n" .
        "!  we only open if we're reading the last block of the file, rather than the first.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/05/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NYMD (INTEGER) : YYYYMMDD\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NHMS (INTEGER) :  and HHMMSS to be tested for A-3 file open\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Always return TRUE, as the blocks need to be read in reverse order, so have\n" .
        "!        to start from the top of the file each time.  (dkh, 03/07/09)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL             :: DO_OPEN\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRST    = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE       :: LASTNYMD = -1\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE       :: LASTNHMS = -1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_OPEN_A6 begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Always open anew for backwd integration\n" .
        "      DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return if we have already opened the file\n" .
        "      IF ( NYMD == LASTNYMD .and. NHMS == LASTNHMS ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open file if it's 21 GMT or first call\n" .
        "      ! (GEOS-4 \"a_llk_03\" only)\n" .
        "      IF ( NHMS == 210000 .or. FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open file if it's 18:00 GMT or first call\n" .
        "      ! (GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3, GEOS-4 \"a_llk_04\")\n" .
        "      IF ( NHMS == 180000 .or. FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Reset quantities for next call\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 999  CONTINUE\n" .
        "      LASTNYMD = NYMD\n" .
        "      LASTNHMS = NHMS\n" .
        "      FIRST    = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ opens the A-6 met fields file for date NYMD and\n" .
        "!  time NHMS. (bmy, bdf, 6/15/98, 12/12/03).  Calls DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ (dkh, 03/05/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ===========================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NYMD (INTEGER)   : Current value of YYYYMMDD\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NHMS (INTEGER)   : Current value of HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Adapted from OPEN_MET_FIELDS of \"dao_read_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/19/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now opens either zipped or unzipped files (bmy, 12/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now skips past the GEOS-4 ident string (bmy, 12/12/03)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,     ONLY : GET_RES_EXT\n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : DATA_DIR,   GCAP_DIR,   GEOS_3_DIR \n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : GEOS_4_DIR, GEOS_5_DIR, TEMP_DIR \n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,   ONLY : LUNZIP\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,      ONLY : IU_A6, IOERROR, FILE_EXISTS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"           ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE          :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL                :: IT_EXISTS\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IOS, IUNIT\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=8)       :: IDENT\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: A6_FILE\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: GEOS_DIR\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: PATH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open A-6 file at the proper time, or on the first call\n" .
        "      IF ( DO_OPEN_A6_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_3_DIR )\n" .
        "         A6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_4_DIR )\n" .
        "         A6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_5_DIR )\n" .
        "         A6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GCAP_DIR )\n" .
        "         A6_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a6.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Replace date tokens\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( GEOS_DIR, NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( A6_FILE,  NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in TEMP dir\n" .
        "         ! If not unzipping, open GEOS-1 file in DATA dir\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( TEMP_DIR ) // TRIM( A6_FILE )\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // \n" .
        "     &             TRIM( GEOS_DIR ) // TRIM( A6_FILE )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Close previously opened A-3 file\n" .
        "         CLOSE( IU_A6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Make sure the file unit is valid before we open the file\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. FILE_EXISTS( IU_A6 ) ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Could not find file!', \n" .
        "     &                       'OPEN_A6_FIELDS (a6_read_mod.f)' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         PRINT*,'-------------------------'\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         PRINT*,'*************************'\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         PRINT*,'PASSED UPTO THIS',PATH\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         PRINT*,'*************************'\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         PRINT*,'-------------------------'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Open the file\n" .
        "         OPEN( UNIT   = IU_A6,         FILE   = TRIM( PATH ),\n" .
        "     &         STATUS = 'OLD',         ACCESS = 'SEQUENTIAL',  \n" .
        "     &         FORM   = 'UNFORMATTED', IOSTAT = IOS )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_A6, 'open_a6_fields:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo info\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( PATH )\n" .
        " 100     FORMAT( '     - Opening: ', a ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 ) || defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Skip past the ident string\n" .
        "         READ( IU_A6, IOSTAT=IOS ) IDENT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_A6, 'open_a6_fields:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify a3_read_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modA3ReadMod
{
    printf "Modifying a3_read_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/PUBLIC :: UNZIP_A3_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      PUBLIC :: DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ\n" .
	"      PUBLIC :: OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE OPEN_A3_FIELDS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      FUNCTION DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS ) RESULT( DO_OPEN )\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ returns TRUE if is time to open the A-3 met field file\n" .
        "!  or FALSE otherwise.  This prevents us from opening a file which has already\n" .
        "!  been opened. (bmy, 6/23/03)\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NYMD (INTEGER) : YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "!  (2 ) NHMS (INTEGER) :  and HHMMSS to be tested for A-3 file open\n" .
        "!        \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Always open, as the blocks need to be read in reverse order, so have\n" .
        "!        to start from the top of the file each time.  (dkh, 03/07/09)\n" .
        "!        \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL             :: DO_OPEN\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRST    = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE       :: LASTNYMD = -1\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE       :: LASTNHMS = -1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Always open the file anew during backwd integration.\n" .
        "      DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return if we have already opened the file\n" .
        "      IF ( NYMD == LASTNYMD .and. NHMS == LASTNHMS ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open A-3 file if it's 22:30 GMT,  or on the first call\n" .
        "      IF ( NHMS == 223000 .or. FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open A-3 file if it's 21:00 GMT, or on the first call\n" .
        "      IF ( NHMS == 210000 .or. FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_OPEN = .TRUE.\n" .
        "         GOTO 999\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Reset quantities for next call\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 999  CONTINUE\n" .
        "      LASTNYMD = NYMD\n" .
        "      LASTNHMS = NHMS\n" .
        "      FIRST    = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ opens the A-3 met fields file for date NYMD and\n" .
        "!  time NHMS. (bmy, bdf, 6/15/98, 12/12/03)\n" .
        "!  Calls DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ. (dkh, 03/05/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ===========================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NYMD (INTEGER) : YYYYMMDD\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NHMS (INTEGER) :  and HHMMSS timestamps for A-3 file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Adapted from OPEN_MET_FIELDS of \"dao_read_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/13/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now opens either zipped or unzipped files (bmy, 12/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now skips past the GEOS-4 ident string (bmy, 12/12/03)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,     ONLY : GET_RES_EXT\n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : DATA_DIR,   GCAP_DIR,   GEOS_3_DIR \n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD, ONLY : GEOS_4_DIR, GEOS_5_DIR, TEMP_DIR \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,   ONLY : LUNZIP\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,      ONLY : IU_A3,      IOERROR,    FILE_EXISTS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"      ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL                :: IT_EXISTS\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: IOS\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=8)       :: IDENT\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: A3_FILE\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: GEOS_DIR\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)     :: PATH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open A-3 fields at the proper time, or on the first call\n" .
        "      IF ( DO_OPEN_A3_ADJ( NYMD, NHMS ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_3_DIR )\n" .
        "         A3_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a3.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_4_DIR )\n" .
        "         A3_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a3.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GEOS_5_DIR )\n" .
        "         A3_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a3.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Strings for directory & filename\n" .
        "         GEOS_DIR = TRIM( GCAP_DIR )\n" .
        "         A3_FILE  = 'YYYYMMDD.a3.' // GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Replace date tokens\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( A3_FILE,  NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         CALL EXPAND_DATE( GEOS_DIR, NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! If unzipping, open GEOS-4 file in TEMP dir\n" .
        "         ! If not unzipping, open GEOS-4 file in DATA dir\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( TEMP_DIR ) // TRIM( A3_FILE )\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            PATH = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // \n" .
        "     &             TRIM( GEOS_DIR ) // TRIM( A3_FILE )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Close previously opened A-3 file\n" .
        "         CLOSE( IU_A3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Make sure the file unit is valid before we open the file\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. FILE_EXISTS( IU_A3 ) ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Could not find file!', \n" .
        "     &                       'OPEN_A3_FIELDS (a3_read_mod.f)' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Open the file\n" .
        "         OPEN( UNIT   = IU_A3,         FILE   = TRIM( PATH ),\n" .
        "     &         STATUS = 'OLD',         ACCESS = 'SEQUENTIAL',  \n" .
        "     &         FORM   = 'UNFORMATTED', IOSTAT = IOS )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_A3, 'open_a3_fields:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo info\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( PATH )\n" .
        " 100     FORMAT( '     - Opening: ', a )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) || defined( GEOS_5 ) || defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Skip past the GEOS-4 ident string\n" .
        "         READ( IU_A3, IOSTAT=IOS ) IDENT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL IOERROR( IOS, IU_A3, 'open_a3_fields:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify grid_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modGridMod
{
    printf "Modifying grid_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE COMPUTE_GRID/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      FUNCTION GET_IJ( LON, LAT ) RESULT ( IIJJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine GET_IJ returns I and J index for a LON, LAT coord. (dkh, 11/16/06)  \n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) LON (REAL*8) : Longitude                          [degrees]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) LAT (REAL*8) : Latitude                           [degrees]\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  Function result\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) IIJJ(1) (INTEGER) : Long index                    [none]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) IIJJ(2) (INTEGER) : Lati index                    [none]\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,    ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! DISIZE, DJSIZE \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      REAL    :: LAT, LON \n" .
        "     \n" .
        "      ! Return\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, IIJJ(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables \n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: TLON, TLAT, DLON, DLAT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_IJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "      ! Does not yet support nested grid ...\n" .
        "      IF ( IS_NESTED ) THEN \n" .
        "         CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Nested not supported','GET_IJ in grid_mod.f')\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      ! ... or anything other than 4x5 \n" .
        "#if   !defined( GRID4x5 ) && !defined( GRID2x25 )\n" .
        "      CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Only tested 4x5 or 2x25','GET_IJ in grid_mod.f')\n" .
        "#endif \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      !DLON = GET_XEDGE(3) - GET_XEDGE(2)\n" .
        "      !DLAT = GET_YEDGE(3) - GET_YEDGE(2)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      TLON = 180d0 + LON + DISIZE\n" .
        "      TLAT =  90d0 + LAT + DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      I = TLON / DISIZE\n" .
        "      J = TLAT / DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( TLON / DISIZE - REAL(I)  >= 0.5d0 ) THEN \n" .
        "         I = I + 1 \n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF ( TLAT / DJSIZE - REAL(J)  >= 0.5d0 ) THEN \n" .
        "         J = J + 1 \n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        " \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Longitude wraps around\n" .
        "      !IF ( I == 73 ) I = 1\n" .
        "      IF ( I == ( IIPAR + 1 ) ) I = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for impossible values\n" .
        "      IF ( I > IIPAR .or. J > JJPAR .or.\n" .
        "     &     I < 1     .or. J < 1          ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL ERROR_STOP('Error finding grid box', 'GET_IJ')\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IIJJ(1) = I\n" .
        "      IIJJ(2) = J\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify dao_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modDaoMod
{
    printf "Modifying dao_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: PSC2\(:,:\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: TMP_PRESS(:,:)\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/FUNCTION IS_LAND/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE INTERP_ADJ( NTIME0, NTIME1, NTDT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine INTERP linearly interpolates GEOS-CHEM I-6 fields (winds, \n" .
        "!  surface pressure, temperature, surface albedo, specific humidity) to the \n" .
        "!  current dynamic timestep. (bdf, bmy, 1/30/98, 9/14/06)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTIME0 (INTEGER) : elapsed time [s] at the start of the 6-hr timestep. \n" .
        "!  (2 ) NTIME1 (INTEGER) : elapsed time [s] at current time\n" .
        "!  (3 ) NTDT   (INTEGER) : length of dynamic timestep [s]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) INTERP is written in Fixed-Form Fortran 90.\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Subtract PINT from PSC since the only subroutine that uses PSC\n" .
        "!        is TPCORE.  This prevents having to subtract and add PINT to PSC\n" .
        "!        before and after each call of TPCORE.\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Pass the Harvard CTM temperature variable T(IGCMPAR,JGCMPAR,LGCMPAR)\n" .
        "!        to INTERP via the argument list (instead of including file CMN).\n" .
        "!        It is computationally inefficient to keep two large arrays for\n" .
        "!        the same quantity.  Use the proper window offsets with T.\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Added to \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/26/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Updated comments (bmy, 4/4/01)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Replaced {IJL}GCMPAR w/ IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR.  Also now use parallel\n" .
        "!        DO-loop for interpolation.  Updated comments. (bmy, 9/26/01)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Removed obsolete code from 9/01 (bmy, 10/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Add PSC2 as the surface pressure at the end of the dynamic timestep.\n" .
        "!        This needs to be passed to TPCORE and AIRQNT so that the mixing ratio\n" .
        "!        can be converted to mass properly.  Removed PINT from the arg list,\n" .
        "!        since we don't need it anymore.  Also updated comments and made\n" .
        "!        some cosmetic changes.  (bmy, 3/27/02)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete, commented-out code (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (10) Eliminated PS, PSC from the arg list, for floating-pressure fix.\n" .
        "!        (dsa, bdf, bmy, 8/27/02)\n" .
        "!  (11) Met field arrays are module variables, so we don't need to pass them\n" .
        "!        as arguments. (bmy, 11/20/02)\n" .
        "!  (12) Removed NDT from the arg list since that is always 21600.  For GEOS-4\n" .
        "!        met fields, only interpolate PSC2; the other fields are 6-h averages.\n" .
        "!        Eliminate TC variable, it's obsolete.  Now use double precision to\n" .
        "!        compute TM and TC2 values.  Renamed NTIME to NTIME1 and NTIME1 to\n" .
        "!        NTIME0.  Updated comments. (bmy, 6/19/03)\n" .
        "!  (13) Now modified for GEOS-5 and GCAP met fields. (swu, bmy, 5/25/05)\n" .
        "!  (14) Remove support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields (bmy, 8/4/06)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now interpolate TROPP, only if variable tropopause is used \n" .
        "!        (phs, 9/12/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LVARTROP\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"    ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: NTIME0, NTIME1, NTDT  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,  J,  L\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: D_NTIME0, D_NTIME1, D_NDT, D_NTDT, TM, TC2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! INTERP begins here!                                      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Convert time variables from FLOAT to DBLE\n" .
        "      D_NTIME0 = DBLE( NTIME0 )\n" .
        "      D_NTIME1 = DBLE( NTIME1 )\n" .
        "      D_NTDT   = DBLE( NTDT   )\n" .
        "      D_NDT    = 21600d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fraction of 6h timestep elapsed at mid point of this dyn timestep\n" .
        "      TM  = ( D_NTIME1 + D_NTDT/2d0 - D_NTIME0 ) / D_NDT\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Fraction of 6h timestep elapsed at the end of this dyn timestep\n" .
        "      TC2 = ( D_NTIME1 +            - D_NTIME0 ) / D_NDT \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3 met fields:\n" .
        "      ! Interpolate PSC2, UWND, VWND, ALBD, T, SPHU\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! 2D variables\n" .
        "         IF ( L == 1 ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Pressures: at start, midpt, and end of dyn timestep\n" .
        "            PSC2(I,J)  = PS1(I,J)   + ( PS2(I,J) - PS1(I,J) ) * TC2 \n" .
        "  \n" .
        "            ! Albedo: at midpt of dyn timestep\n" .
        "            ALBD(I,J) = ALBD1(I,J) + ( ALBD2(I,J) - ALBD1(I,J) ) * TM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Tropopause pressure at midpt\n" .
        "            IF ( LVARTROP ) TROPP(I,J) = TROPP1(I,J) \n" .
        "     &           + ( TROPP2(I,J) - TROPP1(I,J) ) * TM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! 3D Variables: at midpt of dyn timestep\n" .
        "         UWND(I,J,L) = UWND1(I,J,L) + (UWND2(I,J,L) - UWND1(I,J,L)) * TM\n" .
        "         VWND(I,J,L) = VWND1(I,J,L) + (VWND2(I,J,L) - VWND1(I,J,L)) * TM\n" .
        "         SPHU(I,J,L) = SPHU1(I,J,L) + (SPHU2(I,J,L) - SPHU1(I,J,L)) * TM\n" .
        "         T(I,J,L)    = TMPU1(I,J,L) + (TMPU2(I,J,L) - TMPU1(I,J,L)) * TM\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-4, GEOS-5, GCAP met fields:\n" .
        "      ! Interpolate PSC2 only (pressure at end of dyn timestep)\n" .
        "      ! and TROPP (10/11/06 phs)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         PSC2(I,J)  = PS1(I,J) + ( PS2(I,J) - PS1(I,J) ) * TC2 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Tropopause pressure at midpt\n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) TROPP(I,J) = TROPP1(I,J) \n" .
        "     &        + ( TROPP2(I,J) - TROPP1(I,J) ) * TM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE INTERP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n";

    while( $input !~ m/PSC2 = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"      ALLOCATE( TMP_PRESS( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )\n" . 
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'TMP_PRESS' )\n" .
	"      TMP_PRESS = 0d0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( ALLOCATED\( PSC2 * \) \) DEALLOCATE\( PSC2 * \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMP_PRESS ) ) DEALLOCATE( TMP_PRESS )\n";
    
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify tracer_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modTracerMod
{
    printf "Modifying tracer_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Module Variables/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Added two new variables STT_ADJ and PERT for adjoint calculations.\n" .
	"!  (Kumaresh. 01/24/08)\n" .
	"!\n";

    while( $input !~ m/\(6 \) STT/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"!  (6 ) STT_ADJ                : GEOS-CHEM Adjoint tracer array [kg]\n" . 
	"!  (6 ) PERT                   : GEOS-CHEM perturbed Tracer array [kg]\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/ALLOCATABLE \:\: TRACER_N_CONST\(\:\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: PERT(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: STT_ADJ(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: EMIS_ADJ(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: DDEP_ADJ(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: EMIS_I_ADJ(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: F(:,:,:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,            ALLOCATABLE :: FP(:,:)\n" .
	"      INTEGER,           ALLOCATABLE :: IM(:,:)\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/SALC_REDGE_um\(2\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      INTEGER                        :: NHMSb, NYMDb\n" .
	"      REAL*8                         :: TAUb\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE ERROR_MOD, ONLY \: ALLOC_ERR/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      USE gckpp_Global\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/STT = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for($i=0; $i<2; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      ALLOCATE( PERT( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, N_TRACERS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'STT' )\n" .
	"      PERT = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ALLOCATE( STT_ADJ( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, N_TRACERS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'STT' )\n" .
	"      STT = 0d0\n" .
	"\n";

    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      ALLOCATE( EMIS_ADJ( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, NCOEFF ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EMIS_ADJ' )\n" .
	"      EMIS_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .      
	"      ALLOCATE( DDEP_ADJ( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, NCOEFF ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'DDEP_ADJ' )\n" .
	"      DDEP_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .      
	"      ALLOCATE( EMIS_I_ADJ( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, 40 ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EMIS_I_ADJ' )\n" .
	"      EMIS_I_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ALLOCATE( F( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLPAR, N_TRACERS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'F' )\n" .
	"      F = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ALLOCATE( FP( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'FP' )\n" .
	"      FP = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ALLOCATE( IM( IIPAR, JJPAR ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'IM' )\n" .
	"      IM = 0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( ALLOCATED\( STT *\) \) DEALLOCATE\( STT *\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( STT_ADJ        ) ) DEALLOCATE( STT_ADJ        )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( PERT           ) ) DEALLOCATE( PERT           )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( F              ) ) DEALLOCATE( F              )\n";
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( EMIS_ADJ       ) ) DEALLOCATE( EMIS_ADJ       )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( EMIS_I_ADJ     ) ) DEALLOCATE( EMIS_I_ADJ     )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( DDEP_ADJ       ) ) DEALLOCATE( DDEP_ADJ       )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( FP             ) ) DEALLOCATE( FP             )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( IM             ) ) DEALLOCATE( IM             )\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify bpch2_mod.f
#=============================================
sub modBpch2Mod
{
    printf "Modifying bpch2_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE BPCH2$/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    for($i=0; $i<4; $i++) {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      SUBROUTINE BPCH2_CSP( IUNIT, NI, NJ, ARRAY )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine BPCH2 writes binary punch file (version 2.0) to disk.\n" .
        "!  Information about the model grid is also stored with each data block.\n" .
        "!  (bmy, 5/27/99, 7/30/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1    ) IUNIT      : INTEGER  - logical unit number of the file \n" .
        "!  (2    ) MODELNAME  : CHAR*40  - Name of model used to create output\n" .
        "!  (3    ) LONRES     : REAL*4   - Longitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) LATRES     : REAL*4   - Latitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) HALFPOLAR  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has half-polar boxes\n" .
        "!  (5    ) CENTER180  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has lon center on 180 deg\n" .
        "!  (6    ) CATEGORY   : CHAR*40  - diagnostic category name\n" .
        "!  (7    ) NTRACER    : INTEGER  - number of tracer\n" .
        "!  (8    ) UNIT       : CHAR*40  - units of data\n" .
        "!  (9    ) TAU0       : REAL*8   - TAU at start of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (10   ) TAU1       : REAL*8   - TAU at end   of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (11   ) RESERVED   : CHAR*40  - Reserved for future use\n" .
        "!  (12-14) NI,NJ,NL   : INTEGER  - dimensions of ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (15   ) IFIRST     : INTEGER  - I-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (16   ) JFIRST     : INTEGER  - J-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (17   ) LFIRST     : INTEGER  - L-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (18   ) ARRAY      : REAL*4   - data block to be written to the file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added indices to IOERROR calls (e.g. \"bpch2:1\", \"bpch2:2\", etc.) \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 10/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Added this routine to \"bpch_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Use IOS /= 0 criterion to also check for EOF condition (bmy, 9/12/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now reference IOERROR from \"file_mod.f\". (bmy, 6/26/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD, ONLY : IOERROR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: IUNIT\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: NI, NJ\n" .
        "      REAL*8,            INTENT(IN) :: ARRAY( NI, NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                       :: I, J, IOS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For computing NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: BYTES_PER_NUMBER = 4\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: END_OF_RECORD    = 8\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! BPCH2 begins here!!  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT = IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ARRAY(I,J ),I=1,NI ),J=1,NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:3' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE BPCH2_CSP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE BPCH2_INT( IUNIT, NI, NJ, ARRAY )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine BPCH2 writes binary punch file (version 2.0) to disk.\n" .
        "!  Information about the model grid is also stored with each data block.\n" .
        "!  (bmy, 5/27/99, 7/30/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1    ) IUNIT      : INTEGER  - logical unit number of the file \n" .
        "!  (2    ) MODELNAME  : CHAR*40  - Name of model used to create output\n" .
        "!  (3    ) LONRES     : REAL*4   - Longitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) LATRES     : REAL*4   - Latitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) HALFPOLAR  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has half-polar boxes\n" .
        "!  (5    ) CENTER180  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has lon center on 180 deg\n" .
        "!  (6    ) CATEGORY   : CHAR*40  - diagnostic category name\n" .
        "!  (7    ) NTRACER    : INTEGER  - number of tracer\n" .
        "!  (8    ) UNIT       : CHAR*40  - units of data\n" .
        "!  (9    ) TAU0       : REAL*8   - TAU at start of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (10   ) TAU1       : REAL*8   - TAU at end   of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (11   ) RESERVED   : CHAR*40  - Reserved for future use\n" .
        "!  (12-14) NI,NJ,NL   : INTEGER  - dimensions of ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (15   ) IFIRST     : INTEGER  - I-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (16   ) JFIRST     : INTEGER  - J-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (17   ) LFIRST     : INTEGER  - L-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (18   ) ARRAY      : REAL*4   - data block to be written to the file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added indices to IOERROR calls (e.g. \"bpch2:1\", \"bpch2:2\", etc.) \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 10/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Added this routine to \"bpch_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Use IOS /= 0 criterion to also check for EOF condition (bmy, 9/12/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now reference IOERROR from \"file_mod.f\". (bmy, 6/26/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD, ONLY : IOERROR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: IUNIT\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: NI, NJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: ARRAY( NI, NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                       :: I, J, IOS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For computing NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: BYTES_PER_NUMBER = 4\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: END_OF_RECORD    = 8\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! BPCH2 begins here!!  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT = IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ARRAY(I,J ),I=1,NI ),J=1,NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:3' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE BPCH2_INT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE BPCH2_2D( IUNIT, NI, NJ, ARRAY )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine BPCH2 writes binary punch file (version 2.0) to disk.\n" .
        "!  Information about the model grid is also stored with each data block.\n" .
        "!  (bmy, 5/27/99, 7/30/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1    ) IUNIT      : INTEGER  - logical unit number of the file \n" .
        "!  (2    ) MODELNAME  : CHAR*40  - Name of model used to create output\n" .
        "!  (3    ) LONRES     : REAL*4   - Longitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) LATRES     : REAL*4   - Latitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) HALFPOLAR  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has half-polar boxes\n" .
        "!  (5    ) CENTER180  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has lon center on 180 deg\n" .
        "!  (6    ) CATEGORY   : CHAR*40  - diagnostic category name\n" .
        "!  (7    ) NTRACER    : INTEGER  - number of tracer\n" .
        "!  (8    ) UNIT       : CHAR*40  - units of data\n" .
        "!  (9    ) TAU0       : REAL*8   - TAU at start of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (10   ) TAU1       : REAL*8   - TAU at end   of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (11   ) RESERVED   : CHAR*40  - Reserved for future use\n" .
        "!  (12-14) NI,NJ,NL   : INTEGER  - dimensions of ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (15   ) IFIRST     : INTEGER  - I-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (16   ) JFIRST     : INTEGER  - J-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (17   ) LFIRST     : INTEGER  - L-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (18   ) ARRAY      : REAL*4   - data block to be written to the file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added indices to IOERROR calls (e.g. \"bpch2:1\", \"bpch2:2\", etc.) \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 10/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Added this routine to \"bpch_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Use IOS /= 0 criterion to also check for EOF condition (bmy, 9/12/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now reference IOERROR from \"file_mod.f\". (bmy, 6/26/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD, ONLY : IOERROR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: IUNIT\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: NI, NJ\n" .
        "      REAL*4,            INTENT(IN) :: ARRAY( NI, NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                       :: I, J, IOS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For computing NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: BYTES_PER_NUMBER = 4\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: END_OF_RECORD    = 8\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! BPCH2 begins here!!  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT = IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ARRAY(I,J ),I=1,NI ),J=1,NJ )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:3' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE BPCH2_2D\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE BPCH2_CHK( IUNIT,     MODELNAME, LONRES,   LATRES,\n" .
        "     &                  HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY, NTRACER,    \n" .
        "     &                  UNIT,      TAU0,      TAU1,     RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &                  NI,        NJ,        NL,       IFIRST,     \n" .
        "     &                  JFIRST,    LFIRST,    ARRAY )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine BPCH2 writes binary punch file (version 2.0) to disk.\n" .
        "!  Information about the model grid is also stored with each data block.\n" .
        "!  (bmy, 5/27/99, 7/30/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1    ) IUNIT      : INTEGER  - logical unit number of the file \n" .
        "!  (2    ) MODELNAME  : CHAR*40  - Name of model used to create output\n" .
        "!  (3    ) LONRES     : REAL*4   - Longitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) LATRES     : REAL*4   - Latitude resolution of grid, in degrees\n" .
        "!  (4    ) HALFPOLAR  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has half-polar boxes\n" .
        "!  (5    ) CENTER180  : INTEGER  - flag, =1 if model has lon center on 180 deg\n" .
        "!  (6    ) CATEGORY   : CHAR*40  - diagnostic category name\n" .
        "!  (7    ) NTRACER    : INTEGER  - number of tracer\n" .
        "!  (8    ) UNIT       : CHAR*40  - units of data\n" .
        "!  (9    ) TAU0       : REAL*8   - TAU at start of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (10   ) TAU1       : REAL*8   - TAU at end   of diagnostic interval\n" .
        "!  (11   ) RESERVED   : CHAR*40  - Reserved for future use\n" .
        "!  (12-14) NI,NJ,NL   : INTEGER  - dimensions of ARRAY\n" .
        "!  (15   ) IFIRST     : INTEGER  - I-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (16   ) JFIRST     : INTEGER  - J-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (17   ) LFIRST     : INTEGER  - L-index of the first grid box\n" .
        "!  (18   ) ARRAY      : REAL*4   - data block to be written to the file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added indices to IOERROR calls (e.g. \"bpch2:1\", \"bpch2:2\", etc.) \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 10/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Added this routine to \"bpch_mod.f\" (bmy, 6/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Use IOS /= 0 criterion to also check for EOF condition (bmy, 9/12/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now reference IOERROR from \"file_mod.f\". (bmy, 6/26/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD, ONLY : IOERROR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: IUNIT\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: NTRACER \n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: NI, NJ, NL \n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER,           INTENT(IN) :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*8,            INTENT(IN) :: ARRAY( NI, NJ, NL )\n" .
        "      REAL*4,            INTENT(IN) :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8,            INTENT(IN) :: TAU0,   TAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20), INTENT(IN) :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40), INTENT(IN) :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40), INTENT(IN) :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40), INTENT(IN) :: UNIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                       :: I, J, L, NSKIP, IOS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For computing NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: BYTES_PER_NUMBER = 4\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER            :: END_OF_RECORD    = 8\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! BPCH2 begins here!!  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Compute the number of bytes to skip between the end of one \n" .
        "      ! data block and the beginning of the next data header line\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      NSKIP = ( BYTES_PER_NUMBER * ( NI * NJ * NL ) ) + END_OF_RECORD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write data block to binary punch file\n" .
        "      ! Check for I/O errors\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:1' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT = IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, TAU0,   TAU1,   RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &     NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( IUNIT, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ( ARRAY(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS, IUNIT, 'bpch2:3' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE BPCH2_CHK\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Physproc
#=============================================
sub modPhysproc
{
    printf "Modifying physproc.f\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/NOTES/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Modified to copy reaction rates calculated by CALCRATE subroutine to KPP\n" .
	"!  reaction rate variable. This is done to replace SMVGEAR chemistry with KPP\n" .
	"!  chemistry, however a call to SMVGEAR is still performed for a time interval\n" .
	"!  of 1e-6 to initialize things.\n" .
	"!  (Kumaresh, Asandu,  01/24/2008)\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"$input";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input";
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    chomp($input);
    $input = $input . ", R_KPP\n";
    print FILE "$input";

    while( $input !~ m/INTEGER IREMAIN,IUSESIZE,NREBLOCK,L/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    $input = <TEMP>;
    chomp($input);
    $input = $input . ",NK\n";
    print FILE "$input";

    while( $input !~ m/CALL CALCRATE/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    print FILE "\n" .
             "          DO KLOOP = 1, KTLOOP\n" .        
             "             JLOOP         = JREORDER(JLOOPLO+KLOOP)\n" .
             "             DO NK          = 1, NTRATES(NCS)\n" .
             "                R_KPP(JLOOP,NK) = RRATE_FOR_KPP(KLOOP,NK)\n" .
             "             ENDDO\n" .
             "          ENDDO\n" .
             "\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CALL SMVGEAR/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "          !CALL SMVGEAR\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CSPEC\(JLOOP,JOLD\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "                   CSPEC(JLOOP,JOLD)     = MAX(CORIG(KLOOP,JNEW),SMAL2)\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}



#=============================================
# Modify Physproc
#=============================================
sub modPhysprocFwdKpp
{
    printf "Modifying physproc.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY : ABSHUM, AIRDENS,  CSPEC,   CSUMA,\n" .
	"     &                            R_KPP,   CSUMC, ERRMX2,  IXSAVE,\n" .
	"     &                            IYSAVE,      T3\n";

    while( $input !~ m/INTEGER IREMAIN,IUSESIZE,NREBLOCK,L/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    $input = <TEMP>;
    chomp($input);
    print FILE "$input,NK\n";

    while( $input !~ m/CALL CALCRATE/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    print FILE "\n" .
	"          !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"          DO KLOOP = 1, KTLOOP\n" .        
	"             JLOOP         = JREORDER(JLOOPLO+KLOOP)\n" .
	"             DO NK          = 1, NTRATES(NCS)\n" .
	"                R_KPP(JLOOP,NK) = RRATE_FOR_KPP(KLOOP,NK)\n" .
	"             ENDDO\n" .
	"          ENDDO\n" .
	"          !********************************************\n" .
	"\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CALL SMVGEAR/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "         !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"         ! CALL SMVGEAR\n" .
	"         !********************************************\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Calcrate
#=============================================
sub modCalcrate
{
    printf "Modifying calcrate.f\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input";
    while( $input !~ m/USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD/ )
    {	
        $input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    
    print FILE "      USE gckpp_Global,    ONLY : IND\n";

    while( $input !~ m/CALL ARCHIVE_RXNS_FOR_PF/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input";

    print FILE "      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
                   "      !  **** SAVE RATES FOR KPP ****\n" .
                   "      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
                   "\n" .
                   "      I = 1\n" .
                   "      DO NK          = 1, NTRATES(NCS)\n" .
                   "         DO KLOOP      = 1, KTLOOP\n" .
                   "            IF ( NEWFOLD(NK,NCS) > 0 ) THEN\n" .
                   "               IF(KLOOP.eq.1)THEN\n" .
                   "                  IND(I) = NK\n" .
                   "                  I = I +1\n" .
                   "               ENDIF\n" .
                   "               RRATE_FOR_KPP(KLOOP,NK)   = RRATE(KLOOP,NEWFOLD(NK,NCS))\n" . 
                   "            ENDIF\n" .
                   "         ENDDO\n" .
                   "      ENDDO\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    
    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Chemdr
#=============================================
sub modChemdr
{
    printf "Modifying chemdr.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Important input variables/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Modified to interface it with KPP Chemistry replacing the SMVGEAR II\n" .
	"!  mechanism. Insertion of Checkpointing subroutines, KPP variables and slight\n" .
	"!  modifications are performed for this interfacing. (Kumaresh, A Sandu, 01/24/08)\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"$input";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    chomp($input);
    $input = $input . ",\n" .
	"     &                            CSPEC_FOR_KPP, JLOP, R_KPP, EMIS_RATE\n";
    print FILE "$input";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE LOGICAL_MOD, *ONLY : LSOA/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LSOA,         LVARTROP,  LEMIS\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE TIME_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      USE TIME_MOD\n";

    while( $input !~ m/USE UVALBEDO_MOD/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    
    print FILE "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,   ONLY : gckpp_Driver\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Global,    ONLY : NTT\n" .
	"      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/I, J, JLOOP, L, NPTS, N, MONTH, YEAR/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "      INTEGER                  :: I, J, L, NPTS, N, MONTH, YEAR\n" .
	         "      INTEGER                  :: NYMD, NHMS, IT_NUM\n" .
		 "      REAL*8                   :: TAU\n" .
		 "      REAL*8                   :: CSP_O3( ITLOOP,1 ),fd\n" .
                 "      CHARACTER(LEN=50)        :: chfile\n" .
		 "      CHARACTER(LEN=8)         :: chtime\n";

    for( $i=0; $i<4; $i++ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    print FILE "      LSULF  = .FALSE.\n" .
	         "      LCARB  = .FALSE.\n" .
		 "      LSSALT = .FALSE.\n" .
		 "      LDUST  = .FALSE.\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Call GASCONC/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";

    for( $i=0; $i<4; $i++ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    print FILE "\n" .
	         "      NHMS = GET_NHMS()\n" .
		 "      NYMD = GET_NYMD()\n" .
		 "      TAU  = GET_TAU()\n" .
		 "\n" .
		 "      ! Checkpoint STT before partition\n" .
		 "      ! Note: checkpoint for CSPEC inside GASCONC\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CALL SETEMIS/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "$input";
    print FILE "\n      IF ( LEMIS ) CALL MAKE_EMISRATE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Call chemistry routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    for ($i=0; $i<5; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE 	"      CSPEC_FOR_KPP(:,:) = CSPEC(:,:)\n\n" .
	"$input\n" .
	"      CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n\n" .
	"      NTT = NTTLOOP\n\n" .
	"      CALL MAKE_RRATE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"      !  **** KPP CHEMISTRY ****\n" .
	"      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n\n" .
	"      CALL gckpp_Driver\n\n" .
	"      CALL MAKE_HSAVE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}



#=============================================
# Modify Chemdr
#=============================================
sub modChemdrFwdKpp
{
    printf "Modifying chemdr.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE COMODE_MOD/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    chomp($input);
    print FILE "$input,\n" .
	"     &                            CSPEC_FOR_KPP\n" .
	"      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : AD,       AIRVOL,    ALBD,    AVGW \n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/USE UVALBEDO_MOD/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }
    print FILE "      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Global,    ONLY : NTT\n" .
	"      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,   ONLY : gckpp_Driver\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Call chemistry routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    for ($i=0; $i<7; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"      NTT = NTTLOOP\n" .
	"      CSPEC_FOR_KPP = CSPEC\n" .
	"      CALL gckpp_Driver\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n" .
	"\n" .
	"$input";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Comode
#=============================================
sub modComode
{
    printf "Modifying comode.h\n";
    
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8 RRATE,URATE,TRATE,CORIG/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "$input" .
	"      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"      REAL*8 RRATE_FOR_KPP\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/RRATE\(  KBLOOP,  NMTRATE\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"     2  RRATE_FOR_KPP(  KBLOOP,  NMTRATE),\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Chemistry_Mod
#=============================================
sub modChemistryMod()
{
    printf "Modifying chemistry_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Module Routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Module modified to insert KPP chemistry drivers for forward and adjoint runs.\n" .
	"!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
	"!\n";

    while( $input !~ m/\(1 \) DO_CHEMISTRY/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  (1 ) DO_CHEMISTRY       : Driver which calls chemistry routine\n" .
	"!  (2 ) DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ   : Driver which calls adjoint chemistry routine\n" .
	"!  (3 ) GCKPP_DRIVER       : KPP chemistry driver subroutine\n" .
	"!  (4 ) GCKPP_DRIVER_ADJ   : KPP adjoint chemistry driver subroutine\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Call SMVGEAR routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "            ! Call SMVGEAR/KPP routines\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    for($i=0; $i<2; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    while( $input !~ m/IF \( LPRT \)/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "         ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         !### Debug\n";

    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE DO_CHEMISTRY/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input";
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input";
    $input = <TEMP>;
    print FILE "$input";

    print FILE "\n      SUBROUTINE DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!  Subroutine DO_CHEMISTRY is the driver routine which calls the appropriate\n" .
	"!  chemistry subroutine for the various GEOS-CHEM simulations. \n" .
	"!  (bmy, 2/11/03, 8/4/06)\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
	"      USE ACETONE_MOD,     ONLY : OCEAN_SINK_ACET\n" .
	"      USE AEROSOL_MOD,     ONLY : AEROSOL_CONC, AEROSOL_RURALBOX\n" .
	"      USE AEROSOL_MOD,     ONLY : RDAER,        SOILDUST\n" .
	"      USE C2H6_MOD,        ONLY : CHEMC2H6\n" .
	"      USE CARBON_MOD,      ONLY : CHEMCARBON\n" .
	"      USE CH3I_MOD,        ONLY : CHEMCH3I\n" .
	"      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : CLDF,    DELP\n" .
	"      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : OPTDEP,  OPTD,   T\n" .
	"      USE DRYDEP_MOD,      ONLY : DRYFLX, DRYFLXRnPbBe\n" .
	"      USE DUST_MOD,        ONLY : CHEMDUST, RDUST_ONLINE\n" .
	"      USE ERROR_MOD,       ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
	"      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,  ONLY : CHEMCH4\n" .
	"      USE HCN_CH3CN_MOD,   ONLY : CHEM_HCN_CH3CN\n" .
	"      USE ISOROPIA_MOD,    ONLY : DO_ISOROPIA\n" .
	"      USE Kr85_MOD,        ONLY : CHEMKr85\n" .
	"      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LCARB, LCHEM,  LCRYST, LDUST\n" .
	"      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LPRT,  LSSALT, LSULF,  LSOA\n" .
	"      USE MERCURY_MOD,     ONLY : CHEMMERCURY\n" .
	"      USE OPTDEPTH_MOD,    ONLY : OPTDEPTH\n" .
	"      USE RnPbBe_MOD,      ONLY : CHEMRnPbBe\n" .
	"      USE RPMARES_MOD,     ONLY : DO_RPMARES\n" .
	"      USE SEASALT_MOD,     ONLY : CHEMSEASALT\n" .
	"      USE SULFATE_MOD,     ONLY : CHEMSULFATE\n" .
	"      USE TAGGED_CO_MOD,   ONLY : CHEM_TAGGED_CO\n" .
	"      USE TAGGED_OX_MOD,   ONLY : CHEM_TAGGED_OX\n" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD,        ONLY : GET_ELAPSED_MIN, GET_TS_CHEM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : N_TRACERS,       STT  \n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_C2H6_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_CH3I_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_HCN_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_RnPbBe_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_TAGCO_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_A_TAGOX_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : ITS_NOT_COPARAM_OR_CH4\n" .
	"      USE TRACERID_MOD,    ONLY : IDTACET, IDTISOP\n" .
	"\n" .
	"#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
	"#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"        ! NDxx flags\n" .
	"#     include \"comode.h\"        ! NPHOT\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Local variables\n" .
	"      LOGICAL, SAVE            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
	"      INTEGER                  :: N_TROP\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! DO_CHEMISTRY begins here!\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Compute optical depths (except for CH4 simulation)\n" .
	"      IF ( .not. ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
	"         CALL OPTDEPTH( LLPAR, CLDF, OPTDEP, OPTD )\n" .
	"      ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! If LCHEM=T then call the chemistry subroutines\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      IF ( LCHEM ) THEN \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         !---------------------------------\n" .
	"         ! NOx-Ox-HC (w/ or w/o aerosols) \n" .
	"         !---------------------------------\n" .
	"         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN \n" .
	"\n" .
	"            ! Call SMVGEAR/KPP routines\n" .
	"            CALL CHEMDR_ADJ\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ENDIF\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         !### Debug\n" .
	"         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CHEMISTRY' )\n" .
	"      ENDIF\n" .
	"               \n" .
	"      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
	"      SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER( ) \n" .
	"!\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!     Driver routine to perform integration of the full KPP chemistry mechanism.\n" .
	"!     Based on Daven Henze's GCKPP_DRIVER.           (Kumaresh, 01/24/2008)\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
	"      USE COMODE_MOD,       ONLY : JLOP, CSPEC, IXSAVE, CSPEC_FOR_KPP,\n" .
	"     &                             IYSAVE, IZSAVE, R_KPP, HSAVE_KPP\n" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD,         ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM, GET_LOCALTIME, GET_NHMS\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_UTIL,       ONLY : Shuffle_kpp2user,INIT_KPP\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Initialize, ONLY : Initialize\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Model\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Integrator, ONLY :  INTEGRATE, NIERR,\n" . 
        "     &                              Nhnew, Nhexit\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_adj_Integrator, ONLY : INTEGRATE_ADJ\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Rates,      ONLY : UPDATE_RCONST\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Monitor,    ONLY : SPC_NAMES\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Function\n" .
	"      USE ERROR_MOD,        ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Local variables\n" .
	"      REAL*8        :: T, TIN, TOUT\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ICNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RCNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ISTATUS(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: I, J, L, N, JJLOOP\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: IH, JH, LH\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: TID\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RSTATE(20)\n" .
	"      LOGICAL, SAVE :: FIRST = .TRUE. \n" .
	"      INTEGER :: NHMS, vl\n" .
	"      character(len=8) :: d1\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!~~~  > Output variables     \n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: Vdot(NVAR)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      STEPMIN = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      STEPMAX = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      DO i=1,NVAR\n" .
	"         RTOL(i) = 1.0d-3\n" .
	"         ATOL(i) = 1.0d-2\n" .
	"      END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Set parameters to default. See comments in RosenbrockADJ for\n" .
	"      ! a list of the defaults.\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(:) = 0\n" .
	"      RCNTRL(:) = 0.d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Change some parameters from the default to new values\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(1) = 1    ! Autonomous\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(2) = 0    ! Nonautonomous\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Select Integrator\n" .
	"      !    ICNTRL(3)  -> selection of a particular Rosenbrock method\n" .
	"      !        = 0 :  default method is Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 1 :  method is  Ros2\n" .
	"      !        = 2 :  method is  Ros3 \n" .
	"      !        = 3 :  method is  Ros4 \n" .
	"      !        = 4 :  method is  Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 5:   method is  Rodas4\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(3) = 4    \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(7) = 1           ! No adjoint\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      IF(FIRST)THEN\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         RSTATE(Nhexit) = 0d0\n" .
	"                               \n" .
	"         FIRST = .FALSE. \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! GET TS_CHEM and convert it to seconds. \n" .
	"      DT = GET_TS_CHEM() * 60d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Set time parameters. \n" .
	"      T = 0d0\n" .
	"      TIN = T\n" .
	"      TOUT = T + DT\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! Solve Chemistry\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP, I, J, L, N, RSTATE, ISTATUS )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+FIRSTPRIVATE( RCNTRL, ICNTRL )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+COPYIN( TIME )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
	"      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         JLOOP = JJLOOP\n" .
	"         ! Get 3D coords from SMVGEAR's 1D coords\n" .
	"         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            V_CSPEC(N) = CSPEC_FOR_KPP(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Pass tracer concentrations from CSPEC_FOR_KPP to KPP working vectors VAR, FIX.\n" .
	"         ! This also initializes the constant rate constants.\n" .
	"         CALL Initialize()\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Recalculate rate constants\n" .
	"         CALL Update_RCONST()\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ( 1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL, \n" .
	"     &        RTOL, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         IF ( ISTATUS(NIERR) < 0 ) THEN\n" .
	"            rcntrl(3)  = 0d0\n" .
	"            CALL Initialize( )  ! v2.1 \n" .
	"            CALL Update_RCONST()\n" .
	"            CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ( 1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL, \n" .
	"     &        RTOL, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n" .
	"            IF ( ISTATUS(NIERR) < 0 ) THEN \n" .
	"               print*, 'failed twice !!! '\n" .
	"              CALL ERROR_STOP('IERR < 0 ', 'INTEGRATE_ADJ')\n" .
	"            ENDIF\n" .
	"         ENDIF \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Set negative values to SMAL2\n" .
	"         DO N = 1, NVAR\n" .
	"            VAR(N) = MAX(VAR(N),SMAL2)\n" .
	"         ENDDO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L) = RSTATE(3)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         CALL Shuffle_kpp2user(VAR,V_CSPEC)  \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            CSPEC(JLOOP,N) = V_CSPEC(N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDDO\n" .
	"!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER\n" .
	"\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER_ADJ( ) \n" .
	"!\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!     Driver routine to perform adjoint integration of the full KPP chemistry \n" .
	"!     mechanism. Based on Daven Henze's GCKPP_DRIVER.    (Kumaresh, 01/24/2008)\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
	"      USE COMODE_MOD,       ONLY : JLOP, CSPEC, IXSAVE, CSPEC_FOR_KPP,\n" .
	"     &                             IYSAVE, IZSAVE, R_KPP, HSAVE_KPP,\n" .
	"     &                             CSPEC_ADJ, CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP, \n" .
	"     &                             EMIS_RATE\n" .
	"      USE TRACER_MOD,       ONLY : DDEP_ADJ, EMIS_ADJ, EMIS_I_ADJ\n" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD,         ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM, GET_LOCALTIME\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_UTIL,       ONLY : Shuffle_kpp2user,INIT_KPP\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Initialize, ONLY : Initialize\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Rates,      ONLY : UPDATE_RCONST\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Monitor,    ONLY : SPC_NAMES\n" .
	"      USE ERROR_MOD,        ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
	"      USE LOGICAL_MOD,      ONLY : LEMIS, LDRYD\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Global,     ONLY : SMAL2, VAR, VAR_ADJ, V_CSPEC,\n" .
	"     &                             V_CSPEC_ADJ, VAR_R_ADJ, RCONST\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Function\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Model\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_adj_Initialize,    ONLY : Initialize_adj\n";

    if($skipadjem == 0) {
	print FILE "      USE GCKPP_adj_Integrator_em, ONLY : INTEGRATE_em_adj, NIERR,\n" .
	    "     &                                    Nhnew, Nhexit\n";
    }

    print FILE "      USE GCKPP_adj_Integrator,    ONLY : INTEGRATE_adj\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      ! Local variables\n" .
	"      REAL*8        :: T, TIN, TOUT\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ICNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RCNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ISTATUS(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: I, J, L, N, JJLOOP\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: IH, JH, LH\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: TID\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RSTATE(20)\n" .
	"      LOGICAL, SAVE :: FIRST = .TRUE. \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      INTEGER, PARAMETER :: NADJ = NVAR\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp), DIMENSION(NVAR,NADJ) :: ATOL_adj, RTOL_adj\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!~~~> Tests\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: VAR0(NVAR), VAR1(NVAR), VAR2(NVAR),fd,ad\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!~~~  > Output variables     \n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: Vdot(NVAR)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      STEPMIN = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      STEPMAX = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      DO i=1,NVAR\n" .
	"         RTOL(i) = 1.0d-3\n" .
	"         ATOL(i) = 1.0d-2\n" .
	"      END DO   \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      DO j=1,NADJ\n" .
	"        DO i=1,NVAR\n" .
	"          RTOL_adj(i,j) = 0!1.0d-4\n" .
	"          ATOL_adj(i,j) = 0!1.0d-10\n" .
	"        END DO\n" .
	"      END DO\n" .
	"    \n" .
	"      !-------------\n" .
	"      CALL INIT_KPP\n" .
	"      !-------------\n" .
	"     \n" .
	"      ! Set parameters to default. See comments in RosenbrockADJ for\n" .
	"      ! a list of the defaults.\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(:) = 0\n" .
	"      RCNTRL(:) = 0.d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Change some parameters from the default to new values\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(1) = 1    ! Autonomous\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(2) = 0    ! Nonautonomous\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Select Integrator\n" .
	"      !    ICNTRL(3)  -> selection of a particular Rosenbrock method\n" .
	"      !        = 0 :  default method is Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 1 :  method is  Ros2\n" .
	"      !        = 2 :  method is  Ros3 \n" .
	"      !        = 3 :  method is  Ros4 \n" .
	"      !        = 4 :  method is  Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 5:   method is  Rodas4\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(3) = 4    \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(7) = 2           ! 1 = No adjoint, 2 = discrete adjoint\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      IF(FIRST)THEN\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         RSTATE(2) = 0d0\n" .
	"                                ! reset FIRST flag \n" .
	"         FIRST = .FALSE. \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! GET TS_CHEM and convert it to seconds. \n" .
	"      DT = GET_TS_CHEM() * 60d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Set time parameters. \n" .
	"      T = 0d0\n" .
	"      TIN = T\n" .
	"      TOUT = T + DT   \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! Solve Chemistry\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP, I, J, L, N, RSTATE, ISTATUS )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+FIRSTPRIVATE( RCNTRL, ICNTRL )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+COPYIN( TIME )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
	"      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         JLOOP = JJLOOP\n" .
	"         ! Get 3D coords from SMVGEAR's 1D coords\n" .
	"         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            V_CSPEC(N) = CSPEC_FOR_KPP(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"            V_CSPEC_ADJ(N) = CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Pass tracer concentrations from CSPEC_FOR_KPP to KPP working vectors VAR, FIX.\n" .
	"         ! This also initializes the constant rate constants.\n" .
	"         CALL Initialize()\n" .
	"        \n" .
	"         CALL Initialize_adj()\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         RCNTRL(3) = HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Recalculate rate constants\n" .
	"         CALL Update_RCONST()\n" .
	"         \n";

    if($skipadjem == 0) {
	print FILE "         !------switch---------\n" . 
	    "         IF(LEMIS.or.LDRYD)THEN\n" .
	    "            CALL INTEGRATE_EM_ADJ(1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, VAR_R_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,\n" .
	    "     &           ATOL_adj, RTOL_adj, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n" .
	    "         ELSE\n";
    }
    print FILE "            CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ(1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL_adj, \n" .
	"     &           RTOL_adj, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n";
    if($skipadjem == 0) {
	print FILE "         ENDIF\n" .
	    "         !--------------------\n";
    }
    print FILE "\n" .
	"         IF ( ISTATUS(20) < 0 ) THEN\n" .
	"            rcntrl(3)  = 0d0\n" .
	"            CALL Initialize( )  ! v2.1 \n" .
	"            CALL Initialize_adj( )            \n" .
	"            CALL Update_RCONST()\n";
    if($skipadjem == 0) {
	print FILE "            !------switch---------\n" .
	    "            IF(LEMIS.or.LDRYD)THEN\n" .
	    "               CALL INTEGRATE_EM_ADJ(1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, VAR_R_ADJ, TIN, \n" .
	    "     &              TOUT, ATOL_adj, RTOL_adj, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, \n" .
	    "     &              RSTATE)\n" .
	    "            ELSE\n";
    }
    print FILE "               CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ(1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL_adj, \n" .
	"     &              RTOL_adj, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n";
    if($skipadjem == 0) {
	print FILE "            ENDIF\n" .
	    "            !---------------------\n";
    }
    print FILE "            IF ( ISTATUS(20) < 0 ) THEN \n" .
	"              print*, 'failed twice !!! '\n" .
	"              CALL ERROR_STOP('IERR < 0 ', 'INTEGRATE_ADJ')\n" .
	"            ENDIF\n" .
	"         ENDIF \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Set negative values to SMAL2\n" .
	"         DO N = 1, NVAR\n" .
	"            VAR(N) = MAX(VAR(N),SMAL2)\n" .
	"         ENDDO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         CALL Shuffle_kpp2user(VAR_ADJ,V_CSPEC_ADJ)\n" .
	"         CALL Shuffle_kpp2user(VAR,V_CSPEC)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            CSPEC(JLOOP,N)     = V_CSPEC(N)\n" .
	"            CSPEC_ADJ(JLOOP,N) = V_CSPEC_ADJ(N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"        !------switch---------\n" .
	"         IF(LEMIS.or.LDRYD)THEN\n" .
	"        !==================================\n" .
	"        !   Scaled Emission Adjoints for NO, NO2, CO, ALK4\n" .
	"        !   ISOP,  ACET, PRPE, C3H8, C2H6, MEK, ALD2, CH2O\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"         DO N =1, 12           !232-243 emission variables\n" .
	"            EMIS_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(N)*RCONST(N+231)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"\n" .
	"        !==================================\n" .
	"        !   Drydeposition Rate Adjoints\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"         DO N =13, NCOEFF      !244-253 drydep variables\n" .
	"            DDEP_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = DDEP_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(N)*RCONST(N+231)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"        !==================================\n" .
	"        !  Scaled Individual Source Emissions\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"         DO N =1, 3           !1-3 NOx (1-Anthro, 2-Soil, 3-Aircraft/Lightning)\n" .
	"            EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(1)*EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"         DO N=4, 13           !4-13 Anthropogenic (except NOx)\n" .
	"            EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(N-2)*EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"         DO N=14, 24          !14-24 Biomass Burning\n" .
	"            EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(N-13)*EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"         DO N=25, 35          !25-35 Biofuel Burning\n" .
	"            EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N) \n" .
	"     &                        + VAR_R_ADJ(N-24)*EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"        !----------------------------------\n" .
	"         ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDDO\n" .
	"!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER_ADJ\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    } 

    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Modify Chemistry_Mod
#=============================================
sub modChemistryModFwdKpp()
{
    printf "Modifying chemistry_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Module Routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  Module modified to insert KPP chemistry drivers for forward and adjoint runs.\n" .
	"!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
	"!\n";

    while( $input !~ m/\(1 \) DO_CHEMISTRY/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "!  (1 ) DO_CHEMISTRY       : Driver which calls various chemistry routines\n" .
	"!  (2 ) DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ   : Driver which calls adjoint chemistry routine\n" .
	"!  (3 ) GCKPP_DRIVER       : KPP chemistry driver subroutine\n" .
	"!  (4 ) GCKPP_DRIVER_ADJ   : KPP adjoint chemistry driver subroutine\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/Call SMVGEAR routines/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "            ! Call SMVGEAR/KPP routines\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    for($i=0; $i<2; $i++)
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    while( $input !~ m/IF \( LPRT \)/ )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "         ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         !### Debug\n";

    while( $input !~ m/END SUBROUTINE DO_CHEMISTRY/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
	"      SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER( ) \n" .
	"!\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!     Driver routine to perform integration of the full KPP chemistry mechanism.\n" .
	"!     Based on Daven Henze's GCKPP_DRIVER.           (Kumaresh, 01/24/2008)\n" .
	"!******************************************************************************\n" .
	"!\n" .
	"      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
	"      USE COMODE_MOD,       ONLY : JLOP, CSPEC, IXSAVE, CSPEC_FOR_KPP,\n" .
	"     &                             IYSAVE, IZSAVE, R_KPP, HSAVE_KPP\n" .
	"      USE TIME_MOD,         ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM, GET_LOCALTIME\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_UTIL,       ONLY : Shuffle_kpp2user,INIT_KPP\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Initialize, ONLY : Initialize\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Model\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Integrator, ONLY :  NIERR, Nhnew, Nhexit, INTEGRATE\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_adj_Integrator, ONLY : INTEGRATE_ADJ\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Rates,      ONLY : UPDATE_RCONST\n" .
	"      USE GCKPP_Monitor,    ONLY : SPC_NAMES\n" .
	"      USE gckpp_Function\n" .
	"      USE ERROR_MOD,        ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Local variables\n" .
	"      REAL*8        :: T, TIN, TOUT\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ICNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RCNTRL(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: ISTATUS(20)\n" .
	"      INTEGER       :: I, J, L, N, JJLOOP\n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: RSTATE(20)\n" .
	"      LOGICAL, SAVE :: FIRST = .TRUE. \n" .
	"\n" .
	"!~~~  > Output variables     \n" .
	"      REAL(kind=dp) :: Vdot(NVAR)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      STEPMIN = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      STEPMAX = 0.0d0\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      DO i=1,NVAR\n" .
	"         RTOL(i) = 1.0d-3\n" .
	"         ATOL(i) = 1.0d-2\n" .
	"      END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Set parameters to default. See comments in RosenbrockADJ for\n" .
	"      ! a list of the defaults.\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(:) = 0\n" .
	"      RCNTRL(:) = 0.d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Change some parameters from the default to new values\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(1) = 1    ! Autonomous\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(2) = 0    ! Nonautonomous\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Select Integrator\n" .
	"      !    ICNTRL(3)  -> selection of a particular Rosenbrock method\n" .
	"      !        = 0 :  default method is Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 1 :  method is  Ros2\n" .
	"      !        = 2 :  method is  Ros3 \n" .
	"      !        = 3 :  method is  Ros4 \n" .
	"      !        = 4 :  method is  Rodas3\n" .
	"      !        = 5:   method is  Rodas4\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(3) = 4    \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ICNTRL(7) = 1           ! No adjoint\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      IF(FIRST)THEN\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         RSTATE(Nhexit) = 0d0\n" .
	"                               \n" .
	"         FIRST = .FALSE. \n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDIF\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! GET TS_CHEM and convert it to seconds. \n" .
	"      DT = GET_TS_CHEM() * 60d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Set time parameters. \n" .
	"      T = 0d0\n" .
	"      TIN = T\n" .
	"      TOUT = T + DT\n" .
	"      \n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"      ! Solve Chemistry\n" .
	"      !=================================================================\n" .
	"\n" .
	"!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP, I, J, L, N, RSTATE, ISTATUS )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+FIRSTPRIVATE( RCNTRL, ICNTRL )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+COPYIN( TIME )\n" .
	"!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
	"      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
	"         \n" .
	"         JLOOP = JJLOOP\n" .
	"         ! Get 3D coords from SMVGEAR's 1D coords\n" .
	"         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            V_CSPEC(N) = CSPEC_FOR_KPP(JLOOP,N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Pass tracer concentrations from CSPEC_FOR_KPP to KPP working vectors VAR, FIX.\n" .
	"         ! This also initializes the constant rate constants.\n" .
	"         CALL Initialize()\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         RCNTRL(Nhnew) = HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Recalculate rate constants\n" .
	"         CALL Update_RCONST()\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ( 1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL, \n" .
	"     &        RTOL, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         IF ( ISTATUS(NIERR) < 0 ) THEN\n" .
	"            rcntrl(3)  = 0d0\n" .
	"            CALL Initialize( )  ! v2.1 \n" .
	"            CALL Update_RCONST()\n" .
	"            CALL INTEGRATE_ADJ( 1, VAR, VAR_ADJ, TIN, TOUT,ATOL, \n" .
	"     &        RTOL, ICNTRL, RCNTRL, ISTATUS, RSTATE)\n" .
	"            IF ( ISTATUS(NIERR) < 0 ) THEN \n" .
	"               print*, 'failed twice !!! '\n" .
	"              CALL ERROR_STOP('IERR < 0 ', 'INTEGRATE_ADJ')\n" .
	"            ENDIF\n" .
	"         ENDIF \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ! Set negative values to SMAL2\n" .
	"         DO N = 1, NVAR\n" .
	"            VAR(N) = MAX(VAR(N),SMAL2)\n" .
	"         ENDDO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L) = RSTATE(3)\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         CALL Shuffle_kpp2user(VAR,V_CSPEC)  \n" .
	"\n" .
	"         DO N =1, NVAR\n" .
	"            CSPEC(JLOOP,N) = V_CSPEC(N)\n" .
	"         END DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ENDDO\n" .
	"!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
	"\n" .
	"      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE GCKPP_DRIVER\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    } 

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Modify Comode_Mod
#=============================================
sub modComodeMod
{
    printf "Modifying comode_mod.f\n";

    # Add Comments
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/\(16\) VOLUME/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "$input" .
	"!  (17) HSAVE_KPP : array for storing KPP chemistry integration step size\n" .
	"!  (18) R_KPP    : array for storing KPP chemistry reaction rates\n" .
	"!  (19) CSPEC_ADJ : individual SMVGEAR II chemistry adjoint species array\n" .
	"!  (20) CSPEC_FOR_KPP : individual KPP chemistry species array\n" .
	"!  (21) CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP : individual KPP chemistry adjoint species array\n";

    # Add Module Variables
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: VOLUME\(:\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      REAL*4,  ALLOCATABLE :: HSAVE_KPP(:,:,:)\n" . 
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: R_KPP(:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: CSPEC_ADJ(:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: CSPEC_FOR_KPP(:,:)\n" . 
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP(:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: EMIS_RATE(:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*4,  ALLOCATABLE :: PART_CASE(:)\n";

    # Add INIT_COMODE code
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CSPEC = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }

    print FILE "$input" .
                    "\n" .
		    "         ALLOCATE( CSPEC_ADJ( ITLOOP, IGAS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
                    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'CSPEC_ADJ' )\n" .
                    "         CSPEC_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
		    "\n" .
		    "         ALLOCATE( CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP( ITLOOP, IGAS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
		    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP' )\n" .
                    "         CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP = 0d0\n" .
		    "\n" .
		    "         ALLOCATE( CSPEC_FOR_KPP( ITLOOP, IGAS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
                    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'CSPEC_FOR_KPP' )\n" .
                    "         CSPEC_FOR_KPP = 0d0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/CSPEC_FULL = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
                    "\n" .
                    "         ALLOCATE( R_KPP( ITLOOP, NMTRATE ), STAT=AS )\n" .
                    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'R_KPP' )\n" .
                    "         R_KPP = 0d0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/VOLUME = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	            "\n" .
		    "         ALLOCATE( EMIS_RATE( ITLOOP, 40 ), STAT=AS )\n" .
                    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'EMIS_RATE' )\n" .
                    "         EMIS_RATE = 0d0\n" .
		    "\n" .
		    "         ALLOCATE( PART_CASE( ITLOOP ), STAT=AS )\n" .
		    "         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'CSPEC' )\n" .
		    "         PART_CASE = 0d0\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/OFFLINE AEROSOL SIMULATION/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    while( $input !~ m/TAREA = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    for( $i=0; $i<3; $i++ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
                    "      ALLOCATE( HSAVE_KPP( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLTROP ), STAT=AS )\n" .
                    "      IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'HSAVE_KPP' )\n" .
                    "      HSAVE_KPP = 0.d0\n";

    #Add CLEANUP_COMODE code
    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( ALLOCATED\( CSPEC      \) \) DEALLOCATE\( CSPEC   \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( CSPEC_ADJ  ) ) DEALLOCATE( CSPEC_ADJ )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( CSPEC_FOR_KPP ) ) DEALLOCATE( CSPEC_FOR_KPP )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP ) )\n" .
        "     &                               DEALLOCATE( CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP )\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( ALLOCATED\( CSUMA      \) \) DEALLOCATE\( CSUMA   \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( R_KPP       ) ) DEALLOCATE( R_KPP    )\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HSAVE_KPP      ) ) DEALLOCATE( HSAVE_KPP   )\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/IF \( ALLOCATED\( REMIS      \) \) DEALLOCATE\( REMIS   \)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( EMIS_RATE  ) ) DEALLOCATE( EMIS_RATE )\n" .
	"      IF ( ALLOCATED( PART_CASE  ) ) DEALLOCATE( PART_CASE )\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}



#=============================================
# Modify Comode_Mod
#=============================================
sub modComodeModFwdKpp
{
    printf "Modifying comode_mod.f\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/REAL\*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: VOLUME\(:\)/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: R_KPP(:,:)\n" .
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: HSAVE_KPP(:,:,:)\n" . 
	"      REAL*8,  ALLOCATABLE :: CSPEC_FOR_KPP(:,:)\n" .
	"      !********************************************\n";

    $input = <TEMP>;
    while( $input !~ m/VOLUME = 0d0/ )
    {
	print FILE "$input";
	$input = <TEMP>;
    }
    print FILE "$input" .
	"\n" .
	"         !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ALLOCATE( R_KPP( ITLOOP, NMTRATE ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'R_KPP' )\n" .
	"         R_KPP = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ALLOCATE( HSAVE_KPP( IIPAR, JJPAR, LLTROP ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'HSAVE_KPP' )\n" .
	"         HSAVE_KPP = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         ALLOCATE( CSPEC_FOR_KPP( ITLOOP, IGAS ), STAT=AS )\n" .
	"         IF ( AS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'CSPEC_FOR_KPP' )\n" .
	"         CSPEC_FOR_KPP = 0d0\n" .
	"\n" .
	"         !********************************************\n";

    while( !eof(TEMP) )
    {
	$input = <TEMP>;
	print FILE "$input";
    }

    close(FILE);
    close(TEMP);
}



#=============================================
# Create Makefile.ifort for ADJ_4D_TRAC
#=============================================
sub createMakeIfortAdj4dTrac
{
    printf "Creating Makefile.ifort\n";
    open(FILE, ">Makefile.ifort") || die "Unable to open Makefile.ifort";

    print FILE "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "# \$Id: Makefile.ifort,v 1.18 2006/10/17 17:51:06 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "#\n" .
        "# GEOS-Chem Makefile for LINUX/IFORT compiler (bmy, Thu Aug 17 12:30:28 2006)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "SHELL = /bin/sh\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# IFORT compilation options\n" .
        "FFLAGS = -cpp -w -O2 -auto -noalign -convert big_endian\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- multiprocessor\n" .
        "F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask -mp\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- single processor\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# C compiler\n" .
        "CC  = gcc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJSe =                   \\\n" .
        "linux_err.o               \\\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJS =                    \\\n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o             \\\n" .
        "airmas.o                  \\\n" .
        "anthroems.o               \\\n" .
        "arsl1k.o                  \\\n" .
        "backsub.o                 \\\n" .
        "biofit.o                  \\\n" .
        "boxvl.o                   \\\n" .
        "calcrate.o                \\\n" .
        "chemdr.o                  \\\n" .
        "calc_obsgrad.o		  \\\n" .
        "calc_bggrad.o		  \\\n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o              \\\n" .
        "cleanup.o                 \\\n" .
        "decomp.o                  \\\n" .
        "diag1.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag3.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                \\\n" .
        "diagoh.o                  \\\n" .
        "emf_scale.o               \\\n" .
        "emfossil.o                \\\n" .
        "emisop.o                  \\\n" .
        "emisop_grass.o            \\\n" .
        "emisop_mb.o               \\\n" .
        "emissdr.o                 \\\n" .
        "emmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "fertadd.o                 \\\n" .
        "findmon.o                 \\\n" .
        "fyrno3.o                  \\\n" .
        "gasconc.o                 \\\n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o          \\\n" .
        "getifsun.o                \\\n" .
        "initialize.o              \\\n" .
        "jsparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "ksparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "lump.o                    \\\n" .
        "lump_adj.o                \\\n" .
        "subdriver_fwd_4d.o 	  \\\n" .
        "subdriver_bwd_4d.o 	  \\\n" .
        "4dvar_driver.o	          \\\n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o              \\\n" .
        "ohsave.o                  \\\n" .
        "partition.o               \\\n" .
        "partition_adj.o           \\\n" .
        "pderiv.o                  \\\n" .
        "physproc.o                \\\n" .
        "precipfrac.o              \\\n" .
        "pulsing.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdisopt.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdlai.o                   \\\n" .
        "rdland.o                  \\\n" .
        "rdlight.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdsoil.o                  \\\n" .
        "readchem.o                \\\n" .
        "reader.o                  \\\n" .
        "readlai.o                 \\\n" .
        "ruralbox.o                \\\n" .
        "routines.f		  \\\n" .
        "schem.o                   \\\n" .
        "schem_adj.o               \\\n" .
        "setbase.o                 \\\n" .
        "setemdep.o                \\\n" .
        "setemis.o                 \\\n" .
        "setmodel.o                \\\n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o              \\\n" .
        "smvgear.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilbase.o                \\\n" .
        "soilcrf.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilnoxems.o              \\\n" .
        "soiltemp.o                \\\n" .
        "soiltype.o                \\\n" .
        "subfun.o                  \\\n" .
        "sunparam.o                \\\n" .
        "tcorr.o                   \\\n" .
        "tropopause.o              \\\n" .
        "update.o                  \\\n" .
        "xltmmp.o                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "FJ =                      \\\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                  \\\n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                  \\\n" .
        "EFOLD.o                   \\\n" .
        "FLINT.o                   \\\n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                  \\\n" .
        "GEN.o                     \\\n" .
        "JRATET.o                  \\\n" .
        "JVALUE.o                  \\\n" .
        "LEGND0.o                  \\\n" .
        "MATIN4.o                  \\\n" .
        "MIESCT.o                  \\\n" .
        "NOABS.o                   \\\n" .
        "OPMIE.o                   \\\n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                 \\\n" .
        "SPHERE.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO2.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO3.o                  \\\n" .
        "fast_j.o                  \\\n" .
        "fjfunc.o                  \\\n" .
        "inphot.o                  \\\n" .
        "jv_index.o                \\\n" .
        "photoj.o                  \\\n" .
        "rd_js.o                   \\\n" .
        "rd_prof.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_aer.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_prof.o                \n" .
        "\n" .
        "MODS =                    \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Precision.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Parameters.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Global.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_JacobianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Jacobian.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_LinearAlgebra.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Monitor.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Function.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_StoichiomSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Stoichiom.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_HessianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Hessian.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Util.o	          \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Initialize.o    \\\n" .
        "charpak_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "error_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "logical_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "directory_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "julday_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "file_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "grid_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "time_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pressure_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "transfer_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "lai_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "comode_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Rates.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Model.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator_em.o \\\n" .
        "diag_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "dao_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "checkpoint_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "diag03_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag04_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag41_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag42_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag48_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag49_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag50_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag51_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag56_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "drydep_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "bravo_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "edgar_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "emep_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o      \\\n" .
        "geia_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "acetone_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "biomass_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "megan_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "carbon_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "restart_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "convection_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "dust_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "co2_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "read_teso3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "mercury_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "toms_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "transport_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "emissions_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gamap_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "input_mod.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Executable with FAST-J (default)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "geos 	      : \$(MODS) \$(OBJS) \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ)    \n" .
        "		\$(F90)  \$(MODS) \$(OBJS)  \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ) -o geos\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Dependencies Listing\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                   : BLKSLV.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                   : CLDSRF.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o              : CO_strat_pl.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "EFOLD.o                    : EFOLD.f                    \n" .
        "FLINT.o                    : FLINT.f                    \n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                   : GAUSSP.f                   \n" .
        "GEN.o                      : GEN.f                      jv_mie.h \n" .
        "JRATET.o                   : JRATET.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "JVALUE.o                   : JVALUE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                 : Kr85_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "LEGND0.o                   : LEGND0.f                   \n" .
        "MATIN4.o                   : MATIN4.f                   \n" .
        "MIESCT.o                   : MIESCT.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "NOABS.o                    : NOABS.f                    \n" .
        "OPMIE.o                    : OPMIE.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h jv_mie.h \n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                  : RD_TJPL.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o               : RnPbBe_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "SPHERE.o                   : SPHERE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                   : XSEC1D.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO2.o                   : XSECO2.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO3.o                   : XSECO3.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o              : a3_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o              : a6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "acetone_mod.o              : acetone_mod.f              CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o              : aerosol_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o         : aircraft_nox_mod.f         CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "airmas.o                   : airmas.f                   \n" .
        "anthroems.o                : anthroems.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "arsl1k.o                   : arsl1k.f                   \n" .
        "backsub.o                  : backsub.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o            : benchmark_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofit.o                   : biofit.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o              : biofuel_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biomass_mod.o              : biomass_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "boxvl.o                    : boxvl.f                    \n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o                : bpch2_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "bravo_mod.o                : bravo_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                 : c2h6_mod.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "calcrate.o                 : calcrate.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "carbon_mod.o               : carbon_mod.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                 : ch3i_mod.f                 CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "charpak_mod.o              : charpak_mod.f              \n" .
        "chemdr.o                   : chemdr.f                   CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o               : chemdr_adj.f               CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o            : chemistry_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "cleanup.o                  : cleanup.f                  \n" .
        "co2_mod.o                  : co2_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "comode_mod.o               : comode_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "convection_mod.o           : convection_mod.f           CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "dao_mod.o                  : dao_mod.f                  CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "decomp.o                   : decomp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag03_mod.o               : diag03_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag04_mod.o               : diag04_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag1.o                    : diag1.f                    CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag3.o                    : diag3.f                    CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag41_mod.o               : diag41_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag42_mod.o               : diag42_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag48_mod.o               : diag48_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag49_mod.o               : diag49_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag50_mod.o               : diag50_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag51_mod.o               : diag51_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag56_mod.o               : diag56_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                 : diag_2pm.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_mod.o                 : diag_mod.f                 \n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o              : diag_oh_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o              : diag_pl_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diagoh.o                   : diagoh.f                   CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "directory_mod.o            : directory_mod.f            \n" .
        "drydep_mod.o               : drydep_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL commsoil.h comode.h \n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o            : dust_dead_mod.f            CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "dust_mod.o                 : dust_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "edgar_mod.o                : edgar_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emep_mod.o                 : emep_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emf_scale.o                : emf_scale.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emfossil.o                 : emfossil.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emisop.o                   : emisop.f                   CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_grass.o             : emisop_grass.f             CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_mb.o                : emisop_mb.f                CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emissdr.o                  : emissdr.f                  CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emissions_mod.o            : emissions_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emmonot.o                  : emmonot.f                  CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o              : epa_nei_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "error_mod.o                : error_mod.f                define.h \n" .
        "fast_j.o                   : fast_j.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "fertadd.o                  : fertadd.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "file_mod.o                 : file_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "findmon.o                  : findmon.f                  \n" .
        "fjfunc.o                   : fjfunc.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o     : future_emissions_mod.f     CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o        : fvdas_convect_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fyrno3.o                   : fyrno3.f                   \n" .
        "gamap_mod.o                : gamap_mod.f                CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gasconc.o                  : gasconc.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o           : gc_biomass_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o         : gcap_convect_mod.f         CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o            : gcap_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "geia_mod.o                 : geia_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o           : get_global_ch4.f           \n" .
        "getifsun.o                 : getifsun.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o        : gfed2_biomass_mod.f        CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o           : global_ch4_mod.f           CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o          : global_hno3_mod.f          CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o           : global_no3_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o           : global_nox_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o            : global_o3_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o            : global_oh_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "grid_mod.o                 : grid_mod.f                 CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o            : gwet_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o            : hcn_ch3cn_mod.f            CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o              : i6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f             \n" .
        "initialize.o               : initialize.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "inphot.o                   : inphot.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "input_mod.o                : input_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o             : isoropia_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h isoropia.h \n" .
        "jsparse.o                  : jsparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "julday_mod.o               : julday_mod.f               \n" .
        "jv_index.o                 : jv_index.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "ksparse.o                  : ksparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "lai_mod.o                  : lai_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o        : lightning_nox_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o     : lightning_nox_nl_mod.f     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "logical_mod.o              : logical_mod.f              \n" .
        "lump.o                     : lump.f                     CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "main.o                     : main.f                     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "megan_mod.o                : megan_mod.f                CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "mercury_mod.o              : mercury_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o               : ndxx_setup.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o        : ocean_mercury_mod.f        CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ohsave.o                   : ohsave.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o             : optdepth_mod.f             CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "partition.o                : partition.f                CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o              : pbl_mix_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pderiv.o                   : pderiv.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "photoj.o                   : photoj.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "physproc.o                 : physproc.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o             : pjc_pfix_mod.f             CMN CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o          : planeflight_mod.f          CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "precipfrac.o               : precipfrac.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pressure_mod.o             : pressure_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pulsing.o                  : pulsing.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "rd_js.o                    : rd_js.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rd_prof.o                  : rd_prof.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rdisopt.o                  : rdisopt.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdlai.o                    : rdlai.f                    CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdland.o                   : rdland.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdlight.o                  : rdlight.f                  CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdmonot.o                  : rdmonot.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdsoil.o                   : rdsoil.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "readchem.o                 : readchem.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "reader.o                   : reader.f                   CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "readlai.o                  : readlai.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o           : regrid_1x1_mod.f           CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "restart_mod.o              : restart_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o              : rpmares_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ruralbox.o                 : ruralbox.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "schem.o                    : schem.f                    CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "schem_adj.o                : schem_adj.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o              : seasalt_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "set_aer.o                  : set_aer.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "set_prof.o                 : set_prof.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "setbase.o                  : setbase.f                  CMN CMN_ISOP CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "setemdep.o                 : setemdep.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "setemis.o                  : setemis.f                  CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "setmodel.o                 : setmodel.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o               : sfcwindsqr.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "smvgear.o                  : smvgear.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "soilbase.o                 : soilbase.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilcrf.o                  : soilcrf.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilnoxems.o               : soilnoxems.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltemp.o                 : soiltemp.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltype.o                 : soiltype.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o       : streets_anthro_mod.f       CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "subfun.o                   : subfun.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o              : sulfate_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "sunparam.o                 : sunparam.f                 \n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o            : tagged_co_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o                : linoz_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h linoz.com \n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o            : tagged_ox_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tcorr.o                    : tcorr.f                    \n" .
        "time_mod.o                 : time_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "toms_mod.o                 : toms_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o            : tpcore_bc_mod.f            CMN CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o         : tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90         \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f90\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o               : tpcore_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o        : tpcore_window_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o               : tracer_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o             : tracerid_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "transfer_mod.o             : transfer_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "transport_mod.o            : transport_mod.f            CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause.o               : tropopause.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o           : tropopause_mod.f           CMN CMN_SIZE comode.h define.h \n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o            : unix_cmds_mod.f            \n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o              : upbdflx_mod.f              CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "update.o                   : update.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o             : uvalbedo_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o              : wetscav_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xltmmp.o                   : xltmmp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o            : xtra_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other compilation commands\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f     \n" .
        "linux_err.o                : linux_err.c     \n" .
        "	\$(CC) -c linux_err.c\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other Makefile Commands\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "clean:\n" .
        "	rm -rf *.o *.mod ifc* geos rii_files\n" .
        "\n" .
        ".SUFFIXES: .f .F .f90 .F90\n" .
        ".f.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.f\n" .
        ".F.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.F\n" .
        ".f90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create Makefile.ifort for ADJ_FD
#=============================================
sub createMakeIfortAdjFd
{
    printf "Creating Makefile.ifort\n";
    open(FILE, ">Makefile.ifort") || die "Unable to open Makefile.ifort";
    print FILE "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "# \$Id: Makefile.ifort,v 1.18 2006/10/17 17:51:06 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "#\n" .
        "# GEOS-Chem Makefile for LINUX/IFORT compiler (bmy, Thu Aug 17 12:30:28 2006)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "SHELL = /bin/sh\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# IFORT compilation options\n" .
        "FFLAGS = -cpp -w -O2 -auto -noalign -convert big_endian\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- multiprocessor\n" .
        "F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask -mp\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- single processor\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# C compiler\n" .
        "CC  = gcc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJSe =                   \\\n" .
        "linux_err.o               \\\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJS =                    \\\n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o             \\\n" .
        "airmas.o                  \\\n" .
        "anthroems.o               \\\n" .
        "arsl1k.o                  \\\n" .
        "backsub.o                 \\\n" .
        "biofit.o                  \\\n" .
        "boxvl.o                   \\\n" .
        "calcrate.o                \\\n" .
        "chemdr.o                  \\\n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o              \\\n" .
        "cleanup.o                 \\\n" .
        "decomp.o                  \\\n" .
        "diag1.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag3.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                \\\n" .
        "diagoh.o                  \\\n" .
        "emf_scale.o               \\\n" .
        "emfossil.o                \\\n" .
        "emisop.o                  \\\n" .
        "emisop_grass.o            \\\n" .
        "emisop_mb.o               \\\n" .
        "emissdr.o                 \\\n" .
        "emmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "fertadd.o                 \\\n" .
        "findmon.o                 \\\n" .
        "fyrno3.o                  \\\n" .
        "gasconc.o                 \\\n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o          \\\n" .
        "getifsun.o                \\\n" .
        "initialize.o              \\\n" .
        "jsparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "ksparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "lump.o                    \\\n" .
        "lump_adj.o                \\\n" .
        "subdriver_fwd_fd.o 	  \\\n" .
        "subdriver_bwd_fd.o 	  \\\n" .
        "fd_driver.o	          \\\n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o              \\\n" .
        "ohsave.o                  \\\n" .
        "partition.o               \\\n" .
        "partition_adj.o           \\\n" .
        "pderiv.o                  \\\n" .
        "physproc.o                \\\n" .
        "precipfrac.o              \\\n" .
        "pulsing.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdisopt.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdlai.o                   \\\n" .
        "rdland.o                  \\\n" .
        "rdlight.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdsoil.o                  \\\n" .
        "readchem.o                \\\n" .
        "reader.o                  \\\n" .
        "readlai.o                 \\\n" .
        "ruralbox.o                \\\n" .
        "schem.o                   \\\n" .
        "schem_adj.o               \\\n" .
        "setbase.o                 \\\n" .
        "setemdep.o                \\\n" .
        "setemis.o                 \\\n" .
        "setmodel.o                \\\n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o              \\\n" .
        "smvgear.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilbase.o                \\\n" .
        "soilcrf.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilnoxems.o              \\\n" .
        "soiltemp.o                \\\n" .
        "soiltype.o                \\\n" .
        "subfun.o                  \\\n" .
        "sunparam.o                \\\n" .
        "tcorr.o                   \\\n" .
        "tropopause.o              \\\n" .
        "update.o                  \\\n" .
        "xltmmp.o                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "FJ =                      \\\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                  \\\n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                  \\\n" .
        "EFOLD.o                   \\\n" .
        "FLINT.o                   \\\n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                  \\\n" .
        "GEN.o                     \\\n" .
        "JRATET.o                  \\\n" .
        "JVALUE.o                  \\\n" .
        "LEGND0.o                  \\\n" .
        "MATIN4.o                  \\\n" .
        "MIESCT.o                  \\\n" .
        "NOABS.o                   \\\n" .
        "OPMIE.o                   \\\n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                 \\\n" .
        "SPHERE.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO2.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO3.o                  \\\n" .
        "fast_j.o                  \\\n" .
        "fjfunc.o                  \\\n" .
        "inphot.o                  \\\n" .
        "jv_index.o                \\\n" .
        "photoj.o                  \\\n" .
        "rd_js.o                   \\\n" .
        "rd_prof.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_aer.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_prof.o                \n" .
        "\n" .
        "MODS =                    \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Precision.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Parameters.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Global.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_JacobianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Jacobian.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_LinearAlgebra.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Monitor.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Function.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_StoichiomSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Stoichiom.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_HessianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Hessian.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Util.o	          \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Initialize.o    \\\n" .
        "charpak_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "error_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "logical_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "directory_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "julday_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "file_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "grid_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "time_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pressure_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "transfer_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "lai_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "comode_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Rates.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Model.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator_em.o \\\n" .
        "diag_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "dao_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "checkpoint_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag03_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag04_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag41_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag42_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag48_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag49_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag50_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag51_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag56_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "drydep_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "bravo_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "edgar_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "emep_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o      \\\n" .
        "geia_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "acetone_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "biomass_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "megan_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "carbon_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "restart_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "convection_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "dust_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "co2_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "read_sciao3_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "mercury_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "toms_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "transport_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "emissions_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gamap_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "input_mod.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Executable with FAST-J (default)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "geos 	      : \$(MODS) \$(OBJS) \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ)    \n" .
        "		\$(F90)  \$(MODS) \$(OBJS)  \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ) -o geos\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Dependencies Listing\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                   : BLKSLV.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                   : CLDSRF.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o              : CO_strat_pl.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "EFOLD.o                    : EFOLD.f                    \n" .
        "FLINT.o                    : FLINT.f                    \n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                   : GAUSSP.f                   \n" .
        "GEN.o                      : GEN.f                      jv_mie.h \n" .
        "JRATET.o                   : JRATET.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "JVALUE.o                   : JVALUE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                 : Kr85_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "LEGND0.o                   : LEGND0.f                   \n" .
        "MATIN4.o                   : MATIN4.f                   \n" .
        "MIESCT.o                   : MIESCT.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "NOABS.o                    : NOABS.f                    \n" .
        "OPMIE.o                    : OPMIE.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h jv_mie.h \n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                  : RD_TJPL.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o               : RnPbBe_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "SPHERE.o                   : SPHERE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                   : XSEC1D.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO2.o                   : XSECO2.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO3.o                   : XSECO3.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o              : a3_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o              : a6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "acetone_mod.o              : acetone_mod.f              CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o              : aerosol_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o         : aircraft_nox_mod.f         CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "airmas.o                   : airmas.f                   \n" .
        "anthroems.o                : anthroems.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "arsl1k.o                   : arsl1k.f                   \n" .
        "backsub.o                  : backsub.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o            : benchmark_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofit.o                   : biofit.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o              : biofuel_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biomass_mod.o              : biomass_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "boxvl.o                    : boxvl.f                    \n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o                : bpch2_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "bravo_mod.o                : bravo_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                 : c2h6_mod.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "calcrate.o                 : calcrate.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "carbon_mod.o               : carbon_mod.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                 : ch3i_mod.f                 CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "charpak_mod.o              : charpak_mod.f              \n" .
        "chemdr.o                   : chemdr.f                   CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o               : chemdr_adj.f               CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o            : chemistry_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "cleanup.o                  : cleanup.f                  \n" .
        "co2_mod.o                  : co2_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "comode_mod.o               : comode_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "convection_mod.o           : convection_mod.f           CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "dao_mod.o                  : dao_mod.f                  CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "decomp.o                   : decomp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag03_mod.o               : diag03_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag04_mod.o               : diag04_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag1.o                    : diag1.f                    CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag3.o                    : diag3.f                    CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag41_mod.o               : diag41_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag42_mod.o               : diag42_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag48_mod.o               : diag48_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag49_mod.o               : diag49_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag50_mod.o               : diag50_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag51_mod.o               : diag51_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag56_mod.o               : diag56_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                 : diag_2pm.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_mod.o                 : diag_mod.f                 \n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o              : diag_oh_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o              : diag_pl_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diagoh.o                   : diagoh.f                   CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "directory_mod.o            : directory_mod.f            \n" .
        "drydep_mod.o               : drydep_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL commsoil.h comode.h \n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o            : dust_dead_mod.f            CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "dust_mod.o                 : dust_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "edgar_mod.o                : edgar_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emep_mod.o                 : emep_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emf_scale.o                : emf_scale.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emfossil.o                 : emfossil.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emisop.o                   : emisop.f                   CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_grass.o             : emisop_grass.f             CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_mb.o                : emisop_mb.f                CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emissdr.o                  : emissdr.f                  CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emissions_mod.o            : emissions_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emmonot.o                  : emmonot.f                  CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o              : epa_nei_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "error_mod.o                : error_mod.f                define.h \n" .
        "fast_j.o                   : fast_j.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "fertadd.o                  : fertadd.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "file_mod.o                 : file_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "findmon.o                  : findmon.f                  \n" .
        "fjfunc.o                   : fjfunc.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o     : future_emissions_mod.f     CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o        : fvdas_convect_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fyrno3.o                   : fyrno3.f                   \n" .
        "gamap_mod.o                : gamap_mod.f                CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gasconc.o                  : gasconc.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o           : gc_biomass_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o         : gcap_convect_mod.f         CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o            : gcap_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "geia_mod.o                 : geia_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o           : get_global_ch4.f           \n" .
        "getifsun.o                 : getifsun.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o        : gfed2_biomass_mod.f        CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o           : global_ch4_mod.f           CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o          : global_hno3_mod.f          CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o           : global_no3_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o           : global_nox_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o            : global_o3_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o            : global_oh_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "grid_mod.o                 : grid_mod.f                 CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o            : gwet_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o            : hcn_ch3cn_mod.f            CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o              : i6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f             \n" .
        "initialize.o               : initialize.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "inphot.o                   : inphot.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "input_mod.o                : input_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o             : isoropia_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h isoropia.h \n" .
        "jsparse.o                  : jsparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "julday_mod.o               : julday_mod.f               \n" .
        "jv_index.o                 : jv_index.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "ksparse.o                  : ksparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "lai_mod.o                  : lai_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o        : lightning_nox_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o     : lightning_nox_nl_mod.f     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "logical_mod.o              : logical_mod.f              \n" .
        "lump.o                     : lump.f                     CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "main.o                     : main.f                     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "megan_mod.o                : megan_mod.f                CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "mercury_mod.o              : mercury_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o               : ndxx_setup.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o        : ocean_mercury_mod.f        CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ohsave.o                   : ohsave.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o             : optdepth_mod.f             CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "partition.o                : partition.f                CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o              : pbl_mix_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pderiv.o                   : pderiv.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "photoj.o                   : photoj.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "physproc.o                 : physproc.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o             : pjc_pfix_mod.f             CMN CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o          : planeflight_mod.f          CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "precipfrac.o               : precipfrac.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pressure_mod.o             : pressure_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pulsing.o                  : pulsing.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "rd_js.o                    : rd_js.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rd_prof.o                  : rd_prof.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rdisopt.o                  : rdisopt.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdlai.o                    : rdlai.f                    CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdland.o                   : rdland.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdlight.o                  : rdlight.f                  CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdmonot.o                  : rdmonot.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdsoil.o                   : rdsoil.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "readchem.o                 : readchem.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "reader.o                   : reader.f                   CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "readlai.o                  : readlai.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o           : regrid_1x1_mod.f           CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "restart_mod.o              : restart_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o              : rpmares_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ruralbox.o                 : ruralbox.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "schem.o                    : schem.f                    CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "schem_adj.o                : schem_adj.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o              : seasalt_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "set_aer.o                  : set_aer.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "set_prof.o                 : set_prof.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "setbase.o                  : setbase.f                  CMN CMN_ISOP CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "setemdep.o                 : setemdep.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "setemis.o                  : setemis.f                  CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "setmodel.o                 : setmodel.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o               : sfcwindsqr.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "smvgear.o                  : smvgear.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "soilbase.o                 : soilbase.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilcrf.o                  : soilcrf.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilnoxems.o               : soilnoxems.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltemp.o                 : soiltemp.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltype.o                 : soiltype.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o       : streets_anthro_mod.f       CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "subfun.o                   : subfun.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o              : sulfate_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "sunparam.o                 : sunparam.f                 \n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o            : tagged_co_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o                : linoz_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h linoz.com \n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o            : tagged_ox_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tcorr.o                    : tcorr.f                    \n" .
        "time_mod.o                 : time_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "toms_mod.o                 : toms_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o            : tpcore_bc_mod.f            CMN CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o         : tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90         \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f90\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o               : tpcore_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o        : tpcore_window_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o               : tracer_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o             : tracerid_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "transfer_mod.o             : transfer_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "transport_mod.o            : transport_mod.f            CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause.o               : tropopause.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o           : tropopause_mod.f           CMN CMN_SIZE comode.h define.h \n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o            : unix_cmds_mod.f            \n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o              : upbdflx_mod.f              CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "update.o                   : update.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o             : uvalbedo_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o              : wetscav_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xltmmp.o                   : xltmmp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o            : xtra_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other compilation commands\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f     \n" .
        "linux_err.o                : linux_err.c     \n" .
        "	\$(CC) -c linux_err.c\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other Makefile Commands\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "clean:\n" .
        "	rm -rf *.o *.mod ifc* geos rii_files\n" .
        "\n" .
        ".SUFFIXES: .f .F .f90 .F90\n" .
        ".f.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.f\n" .
        ".F.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.F\n" .
        ".f90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n" .
	".F90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create Makefile.ifort.senst
#=============================================
sub createMakeIfortSenst
{
    printf "Creating Makefile.ifort\n";
    open(FILE, ">Makefile.ifort") || die "Unable to open Makefile.ifort";

    print FILE "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "# \$Id: Makefile.ifort,v 1.18 2006/10/17 17:51:06 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "#\n" .
        "# GEOS-Chem Makefile for LINUX/IFORT compiler (bmy, Thu Aug 17 12:30:28 2006)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "SHELL = /bin/sh\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# IFORT compilation options\n" .
        "FFLAGS = -cpp -w -O2 -auto -noalign -convert big_endian\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- multiprocessor\n" .
        "F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask -mp\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- single processor\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# C compiler\n" .
        "CC  = gcc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJSe =                   \\\n" .
        "linux_err.o               \\\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJS =                    \\\n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o             \\\n" .
        "airmas.o                  \\\n" .
        "anthroems.o               \\\n" .
        "arsl1k.o                  \\\n" .
        "backsub.o                 \\\n" .
        "biofit.o                  \\\n" .
        "boxvl.o                   \\\n" .
        "calcrate.o                \\\n" .
        "chemdr.o                  \\\n" .
        "calc_obsgrad.o		  \\\n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o              \\\n" .
        "cleanup.o                 \\\n" .
        "decomp.o                  \\\n" .
        "diag1.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag3.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                \\\n" .
        "diagoh.o                  \\\n" .
        "emf_scale.o               \\\n" .
        "emfossil.o                \\\n" .
        "emisop.o                  \\\n" .
        "emisop_grass.o            \\\n" .
        "emisop_mb.o               \\\n" .
        "emissdr.o                 \\\n" .
        "emmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "fertadd.o                 \\\n" .
        "findmon.o                 \\\n" .
        "fyrno3.o                  \\\n" .
        "gasconc.o                 \\\n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o          \\\n" .
        "getifsun.o                \\\n" .
        "initialize.o              \\\n" .
        "jsparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "ksparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "lump.o                    \\\n" .
        "lump_adj.o                \\\n" .
        "subdriver_fwd_senst.o 	  \\\n" .
        "subdriver_bwd_senst.o 	  \\\n" .
        "senst_driver.o	          \\\n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o              \\\n" .
        "ohsave.o                  \\\n" .
        "partition.o               \\\n" .
        "partition_adj.o           \\\n" .
        "pderiv.o                  \\\n" .
        "physproc.o                \\\n" .
        "precipfrac.o              \\\n" .
        "pulsing.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdisopt.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdlai.o                   \\\n" .
        "rdland.o                  \\\n" .
        "rdlight.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdsoil.o                  \\\n" .
        "readchem.o                \\\n" .
        "reader.o                  \\\n" .
        "readlai.o                 \\\n" .
        "ruralbox.o                \\\n" .
        "schem.o                   \\\n" .
        "schem_adj.o               \\\n" .
        "setbase.o                 \\\n" .
        "setemdep.o                \\\n" .
        "setemis.o                 \\\n" .
        "setmodel.o                \\\n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o              \\\n" .
        "smvgear.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilbase.o                \\\n" .
        "soilcrf.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilnoxems.o              \\\n" .
        "soiltemp.o                \\\n" .
        "soiltype.o                \\\n" .
        "subfun.o                  \\\n" .
        "sunparam.o                \\\n" .
        "tcorr.o                   \\\n" .
        "tropopause.o              \\\n" .
        "update.o                  \\\n" .
        "xltmmp.o                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "FJ =                      \\\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                  \\\n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                  \\\n" .
        "EFOLD.o                   \\\n" .
        "FLINT.o                   \\\n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                  \\\n" .
        "GEN.o                     \\\n" .
        "JRATET.o                  \\\n" .
        "JVALUE.o                  \\\n" .
        "LEGND0.o                  \\\n" .
        "MATIN4.o                  \\\n" .
        "MIESCT.o                  \\\n" .
        "NOABS.o                   \\\n" .
        "OPMIE.o                   \\\n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                 \\\n" .
        "SPHERE.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO2.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO3.o                  \\\n" .
        "fast_j.o                  \\\n" .
        "fjfunc.o                  \\\n" .
        "inphot.o                  \\\n" .
        "jv_index.o                \\\n" .
        "photoj.o                  \\\n" .
        "rd_js.o                   \\\n" .
        "rd_prof.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_aer.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_prof.o                \n" .
        "\n" .
        "MODS =                    \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Precision.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Parameters.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Global.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_JacobianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Jacobian.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_LinearAlgebra.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Monitor.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Function.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_StoichiomSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Stoichiom.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_HessianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Hessian.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Util.o	          \\\n" .
        "charpak_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "error_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "logical_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "directory_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "julday_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "file_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "grid_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "time_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pressure_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "transfer_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "lai_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "comode_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Rates.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Model.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator_em.o \\\n" .
        "diag_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "dao_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "checkpoint_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "diag03_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag04_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag41_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag42_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag48_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag49_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag50_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag51_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag56_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "drydep_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "bravo_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "edgar_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "emep_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o      \\\n" .
        "geia_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "acetone_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "biomass_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "megan_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "carbon_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "restart_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "convection_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "dust_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "co2_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "read_teso3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "mercury_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "toms_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "transport_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "emissions_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gamap_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "input_mod.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Executable with FAST-J (default)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "geos 	      : \$(MODS) \$(OBJS) \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ)    \n" .
        "		\$(F90)  \$(MODS) \$(OBJS)  \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ) -o geos\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Dependencies Listing\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                   : BLKSLV.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                   : CLDSRF.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o              : CO_strat_pl.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "EFOLD.o                    : EFOLD.f                    \n" .
        "FLINT.o                    : FLINT.f                    \n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                   : GAUSSP.f                   \n" .
        "GEN.o                      : GEN.f                      jv_mie.h \n" .
        "JRATET.o                   : JRATET.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "JVALUE.o                   : JVALUE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                 : Kr85_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "LEGND0.o                   : LEGND0.f                   \n" .
        "MATIN4.o                   : MATIN4.f                   \n" .
        "MIESCT.o                   : MIESCT.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "NOABS.o                    : NOABS.f                    \n" .
        "OPMIE.o                    : OPMIE.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h jv_mie.h \n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                  : RD_TJPL.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o               : RnPbBe_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "SPHERE.o                   : SPHERE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                   : XSEC1D.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO2.o                   : XSECO2.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO3.o                   : XSECO3.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o              : a3_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o              : a6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "acetone_mod.o              : acetone_mod.f              CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o              : aerosol_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o         : aircraft_nox_mod.f         CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "airmas.o                   : airmas.f                   \n" .
        "anthroems.o                : anthroems.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "arsl1k.o                   : arsl1k.f                   \n" .
        "backsub.o                  : backsub.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o            : benchmark_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofit.o                   : biofit.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o              : biofuel_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biomass_mod.o              : biomass_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "boxvl.o                    : boxvl.f                    \n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o                : bpch2_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "bravo_mod.o                : bravo_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                 : c2h6_mod.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "calcrate.o                 : calcrate.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "carbon_mod.o               : carbon_mod.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                 : ch3i_mod.f                 CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "charpak_mod.o              : charpak_mod.f              \n" .
        "chemdr.o                   : chemdr.f                   CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemdr_adj.o               : chemdr_adj.f               CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o            : chemistry_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "cleanup.o                  : cleanup.f                  \n" .
        "co2_mod.o                  : co2_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "comode_mod.o               : comode_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "convection_mod.o           : convection_mod.f           CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "dao_mod.o                  : dao_mod.f                  CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "decomp.o                   : decomp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag03_mod.o               : diag03_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag04_mod.o               : diag04_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag1.o                    : diag1.f                    CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag3.o                    : diag3.f                    CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag41_mod.o               : diag41_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag42_mod.o               : diag42_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag48_mod.o               : diag48_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag49_mod.o               : diag49_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag50_mod.o               : diag50_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag51_mod.o               : diag51_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag56_mod.o               : diag56_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                 : diag_2pm.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_mod.o                 : diag_mod.f                 \n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o              : diag_oh_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o              : diag_pl_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diagoh.o                   : diagoh.f                   CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "directory_mod.o            : directory_mod.f            \n" .
        "drydep_mod.o               : drydep_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL commsoil.h comode.h \n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o            : dust_dead_mod.f            CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "dust_mod.o                 : dust_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "edgar_mod.o                : edgar_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emep_mod.o                 : emep_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emf_scale.o                : emf_scale.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emfossil.o                 : emfossil.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emisop.o                   : emisop.f                   CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_grass.o             : emisop_grass.f             CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_mb.o                : emisop_mb.f                CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emissdr.o                  : emissdr.f                  CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emissions_mod.o            : emissions_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emmonot.o                  : emmonot.f                  CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o              : epa_nei_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "error_mod.o                : error_mod.f                define.h \n" .
        "fast_j.o                   : fast_j.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "fertadd.o                  : fertadd.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "file_mod.o                 : file_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "findmon.o                  : findmon.f                  \n" .
        "fjfunc.o                   : fjfunc.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o     : future_emissions_mod.f     CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o        : fvdas_convect_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fyrno3.o                   : fyrno3.f                   \n" .
        "gamap_mod.o                : gamap_mod.f                CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gasconc.o                  : gasconc.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o           : gc_biomass_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o         : gcap_convect_mod.f         CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o            : gcap_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "geia_mod.o                 : geia_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o           : get_global_ch4.f           \n" .
        "getifsun.o                 : getifsun.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o        : gfed2_biomass_mod.f        CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o           : global_ch4_mod.f           CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o          : global_hno3_mod.f          CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o           : global_no3_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o           : global_nox_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o            : global_o3_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o            : global_oh_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "grid_mod.o                 : grid_mod.f                 CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o            : gwet_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o            : hcn_ch3cn_mod.f            CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o              : i6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f             \n" .
        "initialize.o               : initialize.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "inphot.o                   : inphot.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "input_mod.o                : input_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o             : isoropia_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h isoropia.h \n" .
        "jsparse.o                  : jsparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "julday_mod.o               : julday_mod.f               \n" .
        "jv_index.o                 : jv_index.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "ksparse.o                  : ksparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "lai_mod.o                  : lai_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o        : lightning_nox_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o     : lightning_nox_nl_mod.f     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "logical_mod.o              : logical_mod.f              \n" .
        "lump.o                     : lump.f                     CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "main.o                     : main.f                     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "megan_mod.o                : megan_mod.f                CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "mercury_mod.o              : mercury_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o               : ndxx_setup.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o        : ocean_mercury_mod.f        CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ohsave.o                   : ohsave.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o             : optdepth_mod.f             CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "partition.o                : partition.f                CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o              : pbl_mix_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pderiv.o                   : pderiv.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "photoj.o                   : photoj.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "physproc.o                 : physproc.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o             : pjc_pfix_mod.f             CMN CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o          : planeflight_mod.f          CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "precipfrac.o               : precipfrac.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pressure_mod.o             : pressure_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pulsing.o                  : pulsing.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "rd_js.o                    : rd_js.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rd_prof.o                  : rd_prof.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rdisopt.o                  : rdisopt.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdlai.o                    : rdlai.f                    CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdland.o                   : rdland.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdlight.o                  : rdlight.f                  CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdmonot.o                  : rdmonot.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdsoil.o                   : rdsoil.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "readchem.o                 : readchem.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "reader.o                   : reader.f                   CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "readlai.o                  : readlai.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o           : regrid_1x1_mod.f           CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "restart_mod.o              : restart_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o              : rpmares_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ruralbox.o                 : ruralbox.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "schem.o                    : schem.f                    CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "schem_adj.o                : schem_adj.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o              : seasalt_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "set_aer.o                  : set_aer.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "set_prof.o                 : set_prof.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "setbase.o                  : setbase.f                  CMN CMN_ISOP CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "setemdep.o                 : setemdep.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "setemis.o                  : setemis.f                  CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "setmodel.o                 : setmodel.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o               : sfcwindsqr.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "smvgear.o                  : smvgear.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "soilbase.o                 : soilbase.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilcrf.o                  : soilcrf.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilnoxems.o               : soilnoxems.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltemp.o                 : soiltemp.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltype.o                 : soiltype.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o       : streets_anthro_mod.f       CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "subfun.o                   : subfun.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o              : sulfate_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "sunparam.o                 : sunparam.f                 \n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o            : tagged_co_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h\n" .
        "linoz_mod.o                : linoz_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h linoz.com \n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o            : tagged_ox_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tcorr.o                    : tcorr.f                    \n" .
        "time_mod.o                 : time_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "toms_mod.o                 : toms_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o            : tpcore_bc_mod.f            CMN CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o         : tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90         \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f90\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o               : tpcore_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o        : tpcore_window_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o               : tracer_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o             : tracerid_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "transfer_mod.o             : transfer_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "transport_mod.o            : transport_mod.f            CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause.o               : tropopause.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o           : tropopause_mod.f           CMN CMN_SIZE comode.h define.h \n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o            : unix_cmds_mod.f            \n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o              : upbdflx_mod.f              CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "update.o                   : update.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o             : uvalbedo_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o              : wetscav_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xltmmp.o                   : xltmmp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o            : xtra_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other compilation commands\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f     \n" .
        "linux_err.o                : linux_err.c     \n" .
        "	\$(CC) -c linux_err.c\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other Makefile Commands\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "clean:\n" .
        "	rm -rf *.o *.mod ifc* geos rii_files\n" .
        "\n" .
        ".SUFFIXES: .f .F .f90 .F90\n" .
        ".f.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.f\n" .
        ".F.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.F\n" .
        ".f90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n" .
	".F90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create Makefile.ifort for FWD_KPP
#=============================================
sub createMakeIfortFwd
{
    printf "Creating Makefile.ifort\n";
    open(FILE, ">Makefile.ifort") || die "Unable to open Makefile.ifort";
    print FILE "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "# \$Id: Makefile.ifort,v 1.18 2006/10/17 17:51:06 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "#\n" .
        "# GEOS-Chem Makefile for LINUX/IFORT compiler (bmy, Thu Aug 17 12:30:28 2006)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "SHELL = /bin/sh\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# IFORT compilation options\n" .
        "FFLAGS = -cpp -w -O2 -auto -noalign -convert big_endian\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- multiprocessor\n" .
        "F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS) -openmp -Dmultitask\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# Compile command -- single processor\n" .
        "#F90 = ifort \$(FFLAGS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "# C compiler\n" .
        "CC  = gcc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJSe =                   \\\n" .
        "linux_err.o               \\\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "OBJS =                    \\\n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o             \\\n" .
        "airmas.o                  \\\n" .
        "anthroems.o               \\\n" .
        "arsl1k.o                  \\\n" .
        "backsub.o                 \\\n" .
        "biofit.o                  \\\n" .
        "boxvl.o                   \\\n" .
        "calcrate.o                \\\n" .
        "chemdr.o                  \\\n" .
        "cleanup.o                 \\\n" .
        "decomp.o                  \\\n" .
        "diag1.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag3.o                   \\\n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                \\\n" .
        "diagoh.o                  \\\n" .
        "emf_scale.o               \\\n" .
        "emfossil.o                \\\n" .
        "emisop.o                  \\\n" .
        "emisop_grass.o            \\\n" .
        "emisop_mb.o               \\\n" .
        "emissdr.o                 \\\n" .
        "emmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "fertadd.o                 \\\n" .
        "findmon.o                 \\\n" .
        "fyrno3.o                  \\\n" .
        "gasconc.o                 \\\n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o          \\\n" .
        "getifsun.o                \\\n" .
        "initialize.o              \\\n" .
        "jsparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "ksparse.o                 \\\n" .
        "lump.o                    \\\n" .
        "main.o                    \\\n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o              \\\n" .
        "ohsave.o                  \\\n" .
        "partition.o               \\\n" .
        "pderiv.o                  \\\n" .
        "physproc.o                \\\n" .
        "precipfrac.o              \\\n" .
        "pulsing.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdisopt.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdlai.o                   \\\n" .
        "rdland.o                  \\\n" .
        "rdlight.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdmonot.o                 \\\n" .
        "rdsoil.o                  \\\n" .
        "readchem.o                \\\n" .
        "reader.o                  \\\n" .
        "readlai.o                 \\\n" .
        "ruralbox.o                \\\n" .
        "schem.o                   \\\n" .
        "setbase.o                 \\\n" .
        "setemdep.o                \\\n" .
        "setemis.o                 \\\n" .
        "setmodel.o                \\\n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o              \\\n" .
        "smvgear.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilbase.o                \\\n" .
        "soilcrf.o                 \\\n" .
        "soilnoxems.o              \\\n" .
        "soiltemp.o                \\\n" .
        "soiltype.o                \\\n" .
        "subfun.o                  \\\n" .
        "sunparam.o                \\\n" .
        "tcorr.o                   \\\n" .
        "tropopause.o              \\\n" .
        "update.o                  \\\n" .
        "xltmmp.o                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "FJ =                      \\\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                  \\\n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                  \\\n" .
        "EFOLD.o                   \\\n" .
        "FLINT.o                   \\\n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                  \\\n" .
        "GEN.o                     \\\n" .
        "JRATET.o                  \\\n" .
        "JVALUE.o                  \\\n" .
        "LEGND0.o                  \\\n" .
        "MATIN4.o                  \\\n" .
        "MIESCT.o                  \\\n" .
        "NOABS.o                   \\\n" .
        "OPMIE.o                   \\\n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                 \\\n" .
        "SPHERE.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO2.o                  \\\n" .
        "XSECO3.o                  \\\n" .
        "fast_j.o                  \\\n" .
        "fjfunc.o                  \\\n" .
        "inphot.o                  \\\n" .
        "jv_index.o                \\\n" .
        "photoj.o                  \\\n" .
        "rd_js.o                   \\\n" .
        "rd_prof.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_aer.o                 \\\n" .
        "set_prof.o                \n" .
        "\n" .
        "MODS =                    \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Precision.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Parameters.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Global.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_JacobianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Jacobian.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_LinearAlgebra.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Monitor.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Function.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_StoichiomSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Stoichiom.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_HessianSP.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Hessian.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Util.o	          \\\n" .
        "charpak_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "error_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "logical_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "directory_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "julday_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "file_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "grid_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "time_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pressure_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "transfer_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "lai_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "comode_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Rates.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Initialize.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_adj_Integrator.o	  \\\n" .
        "gckpp_Model.o	  	  \\\n" .
        "diag_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "dao_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag03_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag04_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag41_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag42_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag48_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag49_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag50_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag51_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag56_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "drydep_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "bravo_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "edgar_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "emep_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o      \\\n" .
        "geia_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "acetone_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "biomass_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "megan_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "carbon_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o    \\\n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o         \\\n" .
        "restart_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "convection_mod.o          \\\n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o            \\\n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "dust_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "co2_mod.o                 \\\n" .
        "mercury_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "toms_mod.o                \\\n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o        \\\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o              \\\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o       \\\n" .
        "transport_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o             \\\n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "emissions_mod.o           \\\n" .
        "gamap_mod.o               \\\n" .
        "input_mod.o\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Executable with FAST-J (default)\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "geos 	      : \$(MODS) \$(OBJS) \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ)    \n" .
        "		\$(F90)  \$(MODS) \$(OBJS)  \$(OBJSe) \$(FJ) -o geos\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Dependencies Listing\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "BLKSLV.o                   : BLKSLV.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "CLDSRF.o                   : CLDSRF.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "CO_strat_pl.o              : CO_strat_pl.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "EFOLD.o                    : EFOLD.f                    \n" .
        "FLINT.o                    : FLINT.f                    \n" .
        "GAUSSP.o                   : GAUSSP.f                   \n" .
        "GEN.o                      : GEN.f                      jv_mie.h \n" .
        "JRATET.o                   : JRATET.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "JVALUE.o                   : JVALUE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "Kr85_mod.o                 : Kr85_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "LEGND0.o                   : LEGND0.f                   \n" .
        "MATIN4.o                   : MATIN4.f                   \n" .
        "MIESCT.o                   : MIESCT.f                   jv_mie.h \n" .
        "NOABS.o                    : NOABS.f                    \n" .
        "OPMIE.o                    : OPMIE.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h jv_mie.h \n" .
        "RD_TJPL.o                  : RD_TJPL.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "RnPbBe_mod.o               : RnPbBe_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "SPHERE.o                   : SPHERE.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSEC1D.o                   : XSEC1D.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO2.o                   : XSECO2.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "XSECO3.o                   : XSECO3.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "a3_read_mod.o              : a3_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "a6_read_mod.o              : a6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "acetone_mod.o              : acetone_mod.f              CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "aerosol_mod.o              : aerosol_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "aircraft_nox_mod.o         : aircraft_nox_mod.f         CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "airmas.o                   : airmas.f                   \n" .
        "anthroems.o                : anthroems.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "arsl1k.o                   : arsl1k.f                   \n" .
        "backsub.o                  : backsub.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "benchmark_mod.o            : benchmark_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofit.o                   : biofit.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biofuel_mod.o              : biofuel_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "biomass_mod.o              : biomass_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "boxvl.o                    : boxvl.f                    \n" .
        "bpch2_mod.o                : bpch2_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "bravo_mod.o                : bravo_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "c2h6_mod.o                 : c2h6_mod.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "calcrate.o                 : calcrate.f                 CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "carbon_mod.o               : carbon_mod.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "ch3i_mod.o                 : ch3i_mod.f                 CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "charpak_mod.o              : charpak_mod.f              \n" .
        "chemdr.o                   : chemdr.f                   CMN CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "chemistry_mod.o            : chemistry_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "cleanup.o                  : cleanup.f                  \n" .
        "co2_mod.o                  : co2_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "comode_mod.o               : comode_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "convection_mod.o           : convection_mod.f           CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "dao_mod.o                  : dao_mod.f                  CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "decomp.o                   : decomp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag03_mod.o               : diag03_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag04_mod.o               : diag04_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag1.o                    : diag1.f                    CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag3.o                    : diag3.f                    CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag41_mod.o               : diag41_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag42_mod.o               : diag42_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag48_mod.o               : diag48_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag49_mod.o               : diag49_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag50_mod.o               : diag50_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag51_mod.o               : diag51_mod.f               CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "diag56_mod.o               : diag56_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_2pm.o                 : diag_2pm.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "diag_mod.o                 : diag_mod.f                 \n" .
        "diag_oh_mod.o              : diag_oh_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diag_pl_mod.o              : diag_pl_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "diagoh.o                   : diagoh.f                   CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "directory_mod.o            : directory_mod.f            \n" .
        "drydep_mod.o               : drydep_mod.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL commsoil.h comode.h \n" .
        "dust_dead_mod.o            : dust_dead_mod.f            CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "dust_mod.o                 : dust_mod.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "edgar_mod.o                : edgar_mod.f                CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emep_mod.o                 : emep_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emf_scale.o                : emf_scale.f                CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emfossil.o                 : emfossil.f                 CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emisop.o                   : emisop.f                   CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_grass.o             : emisop_grass.f             CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emisop_mb.o                : emisop_mb.f                CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "emissdr.o                  : emissdr.f                  CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_MONOT CMN_NOX CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "emissions_mod.o            : emissions_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "emmonot.o                  : emmonot.f                  CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "epa_nei_mod.o              : epa_nei_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "error_mod.o                : error_mod.f                define.h \n" .
        "fast_j.o                   : fast_j.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "fertadd.o                  : fertadd.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "file_mod.o                 : file_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "findmon.o                  : findmon.f                  \n" .
        "fjfunc.o                   : fjfunc.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "future_emissions_mod.o     : future_emissions_mod.f     CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fvdas_convect_mod.o        : fvdas_convect_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "fyrno3.o                   : fyrno3.f                   \n" .
        "gamap_mod.o                : gamap_mod.f                CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gasconc.o                  : gasconc.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gc_biomass_mod.o           : gc_biomass_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_convect_mod.o         : gcap_convect_mod.f         CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gcap_read_mod.o            : gcap_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "geia_mod.o                 : geia_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "get_global_ch4.o           : get_global_ch4.f           \n" .
        "getifsun.o                 : getifsun.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "gfed2_biomass_mod.o        : gfed2_biomass_mod.f        CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_ch4_mod.o           : global_ch4_mod.f           CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_hno3_mod.o          : global_hno3_mod.f          CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_no3_mod.o           : global_no3_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_nox_mod.o           : global_nox_mod.f           CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_o3_mod.o            : global_o3_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "global_oh_mod.o            : global_oh_mod.f            CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "grid_mod.o                 : grid_mod.f                 CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "gwet_read_mod.o            : gwet_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "hcn_ch3cn_mod.o            : hcn_ch3cn_mod.f            CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "i6_read_mod.o              : i6_read_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f             \n" .
        "initialize.o               : initialize.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "inphot.o                   : inphot.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "input_mod.o                : input_mod.f                CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "isoropia_mod.o             : isoropia_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h isoropia.h \n" .
        "jsparse.o                  : jsparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "julday_mod.o               : julday_mod.f               \n" .
        "jv_index.o                 : jv_index.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "ksparse.o                  : ksparse.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "lai_mod.o                  : lai_mod.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_mod.o        : lightning_nox_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "lightning_nox_nl_mod.o     : lightning_nox_nl_mod.f     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "logical_mod.o              : logical_mod.f              \n" .
        "lump.o                     : lump.f                     CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "main.o                     : main.f                     CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "megan_mod.o                : megan_mod.f                CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "mercury_mod.o              : mercury_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ndxx_setup.o               : ndxx_setup.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ocean_mercury_mod.o        : ocean_mercury_mod.f        CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ohsave.o                   : ohsave.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "optdepth_mod.o             : optdepth_mod.f             CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "partition.o                : partition.f                CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pbl_mix_mod.o              : pbl_mix_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pderiv.o                   : pderiv.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "photoj.o                   : photoj.f                   cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "physproc.o                 : physproc.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "pjc_pfix_mod.o             : pjc_pfix_mod.f             CMN CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "planeflight_mod.o          : planeflight_mod.f          CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "precipfrac.o               : precipfrac.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pressure_mod.o             : pressure_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "pulsing.o                  : pulsing.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "rd_js.o                    : rd_js.f                    cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rd_prof.o                  : rd_prof.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "rdisopt.o                  : rdisopt.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdlai.o                    : rdlai.f                    CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdland.o                   : rdland.f                   CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "rdlight.o                  : rdlight.f                  CMN_ISOP CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdmonot.o                  : rdmonot.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rdsoil.o                   : rdsoil.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "readchem.o                 : readchem.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "reader.o                   : reader.f                   CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "readlai.o                  : readlai.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "regrid_1x1_mod.o           : regrid_1x1_mod.f           CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "restart_mod.o              : restart_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "rpmares_mod.o              : rpmares_mod.f              CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "ruralbox.o                 : ruralbox.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "schem.o                    : schem.f                    CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "seasalt_mod.o              : seasalt_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "set_aer.o                  : set_aer.f                  cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "set_prof.o                 : set_prof.f                 cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h jv_cmn.h \n" .
        "setbase.o                  : setbase.f                  CMN CMN_ISOP CMN_MONOT CMN_SIZE define.h CMN_VEL \n" .
        "setemdep.o                 : setemdep.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "setemis.o                  : setemis.f                  CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "setmodel.o                 : setmodel.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sfcwindsqr.o               : sfcwindsqr.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "smvgear.o                  : smvgear.f                  CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "soilbase.o                 : soilbase.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilcrf.o                  : soilcrf.f                  CMN_DEP CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soilnoxems.o               : soilnoxems.f               CMN_DEP CMN_DIAG CMN_NOX CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltemp.o                 : soiltemp.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "soiltype.o                 : soiltype.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h commsoil.h \n" .
        "streets_anthro_mod.o       : streets_anthro_mod.f       CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "subfun.o                   : subfun.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "sulfate_mod.o              : sulfate_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h cmn_fj.h CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -CB \$*.f\n" .
        "sunparam.o                 : sunparam.f                 \n" .
        "tagged_co_mod.o            : tagged_co_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_O3 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tagged_ox_mod.o            : tagged_ox_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tcorr.o                    : tcorr.f                    \n" .
        "time_mod.o                 : time_mod.f                 define.h \n" .
        "toms_mod.o                 : toms_mod.f                 CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_bc_mod.o            : tpcore_bc_mod.f            CMN CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tpcore_fvdas_mod.o         : tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90         \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f90\n" .
        "tpcore_mod.o               : tpcore_mod.f               CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tpcore_window_mod.o        : tpcore_window_mod.f        CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h define.h \n" .
        "	\$(F90) -c -r8 \$*.f\n" .
        "tracer_mod.o               : tracer_mod.f               CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tracerid_mod.o             : tracerid_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "transfer_mod.o             : transfer_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "transport_mod.o            : transport_mod.f            CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause.o               : tropopause.f               CMN CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "tropopause_mod.o           : tropopause_mod.f           CMN CMN_SIZE comode.h define.h \n" .
        "unix_cmds_mod.o            : unix_cmds_mod.f            \n" .
        "upbdflx_mod.o              : upbdflx_mod.f              CMN_GCTM CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "update.o                   : update.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h comode.h \n" .
        "uvalbedo_mod.o             : uvalbedo_mod.f             CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "wetscav_mod.o              : wetscav_mod.f              CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xltmmp.o                   : xltmmp.f                   CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "xtra_read_mod.o            : xtra_read_mod.f            CMN_DIAG CMN_SIZE define.h \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other compilation commands\n" .
        "#==============================================================================\n" .
        "ifort_errmsg.o             : ifort_errmsg.f     \n" .
        "linux_err.o                : linux_err.c     \n" .
        "	\$(CC) -c linux_err.c\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "#  Other Makefile Commands\n" .
        "#=============================================================================\n" .
        "clean:\n" .
        "	rm -rf *.o *.mod ifc* geos rii_files\n" .
        "\n" .
        ".SUFFIXES: .f .F .f90 .F90\n" .
        ".f.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.f\n" .
        ".F.o:			; \$(F90) -c \$*.F\n" .
        ".f90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.f90 \n" .
        ".F90.o:                 ; \$(F90) -c -free \$*.F90 \n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create 4dvar_driver.f
#=============================================
sub create4dvarDriver
{
    printf "Creating 4dvar_driver.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">4dvar_driver.f") || die "Unable to open 4dvar_driver.f";
    print FILE "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_fwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Forward finite-difference driver is a modified version of\n" .
        "! main driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      PROGRAM DRIVER_4DVAR\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!    G        E       O     O S            C       H     H E       M M M M    \n" .
        "!    G   GGG  EEEEEE  O     O SSSSSSS      C       HHHHHHH EEEEEE  M  M  M    \n" .
        "!    G     G  E       O     O       S      C       H     H E       M     M    \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 (formerly known as the Harvard-GEOS model)\n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy\@io.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C     Log Files to save cost function and rms values each model run\n" .
        "C     \n" .
        "C     model_runs.m -> number of model runs performed by L-BFGS routine\n" .
        "C     cost_fun.m   -> cost function values(f) for each (m)\n" .
        "C     rms_value.m  -> rms_i=norm(Ci-C0)/norm(C0), i = 1,2,...,m.\n" .
        "C     \n" .
        "C     ---------Contribution to cost function--------------\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C     obs_cost.dat -> due to observation misfit\n" .
        "C     bg_cost.dat  -> due to background\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_BWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY:STT, STT_ADJ, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY:NHMSb, NYMDb, TAUb  \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,        ONLY:CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY:IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I, J, L, K, IT_NUM\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TAU\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: f1, f2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DOUBLE PRECISION     :: f,rms,diff_norm,ref_norm,t1,t2\n" .
        "      DOUBLE PRECISION, ALLOCATABLE :: g(:),x(:)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8, PARAMETER    :: EPS = 0.1\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: TRAC = 2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_ORIG(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,50)\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_OPTZ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,50)\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_PERT(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,50)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*8           :: a\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------LBFGS Parameters----------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER :: nmax=IIPAR*JJPAR*LLPAR, mmax = 17\n" .
        "      character*60     task,csave\n" .
        "      logical          lsave(4)\n" .
        "      integer          n,m,iprint,nbd(nmax),iwa(3*nmax),isave(44)\n" .
        "      double precision factr,pgtol,lb(nmax),ub(nmax)\n" .
        "      double precision dsave(29)\n" .
        "      double precision wa(2*mmax*nmax+4*nmax+12*mmax*mmax+12*mmax)\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: N_GC_RUNS = 0\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: EXP_PRECOND = .FALSE. ! Do exponential preconditioning or not\n" .
        "      INTEGER  NTOT,NST,NEND\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! 4DVAR_DRIVER starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Number of species to optimize\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NST = TRAC\n" .
        "      NEND = TRAC\n" .
        "      NTOT = NEND-NST+1\n" .
        "        \n" .
        "      !--------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! LBFGS Optimization Steps\n" .
        "      ! We wish to have output at every iteration.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      iprint = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      factr=1.0d+7\n" .
        "      pgtol=1.0d-5\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      n = IIPAR*JJPAR*LLPAR*NTOT  !25\n" .
        "      m = 5\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      read(20,*) IT_NUM\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF(IT_NUM<10)THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE(a,1000)IT_NUM\n" .
        " 1000    FORMAT(I1)\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         WRITE(a,1001)IT_NUM\n" .
        " 1001    FORMAT(I2)\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OPEN(unit=124,file='cost_fun'//TRIM(a)//'.m') \n" .
        "      OPEN(unit=125,file='rms_value'//TRIM(a)//'.m')  \n" .
        "      OPEN(unit=126,file='model_runs'//TRIM(a)//'.m') \n" .
        "      OPEN(unit=141,file='obs_cost'//TRIM(a)//'.dat')\n" .
        "      OPEN(unit=142,file='bg_cost'//TRIM(a)//'.dat') \n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      !----------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! Allocate g and x arrays\n" .
        "      !----------------------------------\n" .
        "      ALLOCATE( g( n ) )\n" .
        "      g = 0d0\n" .
        "      ALLOCATE( x( n ) )\n" .
        "      x = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF(IT_NUM.eq.0)THEN ! Reference: just lay synthetic observations\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         PRINT*,'ENTERING FWD FOR REFERENCE'\n" .
        "         call do_gc_fwd(EPS, TRAC, x, NTOT, NST, EXP_PRECOND)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "         write(20,*) 1\n" .
        "         close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OBS_CHKFILE(NYMDb, NHMSb)\n" .
        "         STT_ORIG(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) = STT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL READ_BG_CHKFILE(NYMDb, NHMSb)\n" .
        "         STT_PERT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) = STT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO K = NST, NEND       \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            IF (EXP_PRECOND) THEN\n" .
        "               x((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)*NTOT+K-NST+1)\n" .
        "     &                 = LOG( MAX( STT(I,J,L,K), 1.0d-16 ) )\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               x((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)*NTOT+K-NST+1)\n" .
        "     &                 = STT(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "            END IF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         open(26,file='opt/x')\n" .
        "         write(26,*) x\n" .
        "         close(26)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        !============================================================\n" .
        "        ! DUMP THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CURRENT CONC AND REFERENCE CONC\n" .
        "        !============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) = STT_PERT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) \n" .
        "     &                          - STT_ORIG(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_DIFFPERT_CHKFILE(NYMDb, NHMSb, TAUb)\n" .
        "        !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         GOTO 10000\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "      ELSE IF(IT_NUM.eq.1)THEN  !Just initialize x, perturbed\n" .
        "        \n" .
        "         open(26,file='opt/x')\n" .
        "         read(26,*) x\n" .
        "         close(26)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         task = 'START'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE ! Start of the optimization\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'NEXT START OPTIMIZATION'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We now define the starting point.\n" .
        "         WRITE(143,*) IT_NUM,' READ FILES'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read lbfgs arguments from checkpoint file csave \n" .
        "         open(19,file='opt/csave')\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         read(19,*) csave\n" .
        "         read(19,*) dsave\n" .
        "         read(19,*) isave\n" .
        "         read(19,*) lsave\n" .
        "         read(19,*) f\n" .
        "         read(19,*) g\n" .
        "         read(19,*) task\n" .
        "         read(19,*) x\n" .
        "         read(19,*) wa\n" .
        "         read(19,*) iwa\n" .
        "         read(19,*) lb\n" .
        "         read(19,*) ub\n" .
        "         read(19,*) nbd\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         close(19)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! We now provide nbd which defines the bounds on the variables:\n" .
        "      ! lb   specifies the lower bounds,\n" .
        "      ! ub   specifies the upper bounds. \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      ! First set bounds on variables.\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF (IT_NUM==1)THEN\n" .
        "         IF (EXP_PRECOND) THEN\n" .
        "            do i=1,n\n" .
        "               nbd(i)=0   \n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            do i=1,n\n" .
        "               nbd(i)= 2           \n" .
        "               lb(i) = 0.1*x(i)\n" .
        "               ub(i) = 3*x(i)\n" .
        "            end do\n" .
        "         END IF\n" .
        "      END IF \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! This is the call to the L-BFGS-B code.\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      call setulb(n,m,x,lb,ub,nbd,f,g,factr,pgtol,wa,iwa,task,iprint,\n" .
        "     +     csave,lsave,isave,dsave)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      if (task(1:2) .eq. 'FG') then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! calculate cost function(f) value and update LGRID\n" .
        "         call do_gc_fwd(EPS, TRAC, x, NTOT, NST, EXP_PRECOND)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         call do_gc_bwd(f, TRAC)\n" .
        "         !----------------------\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL READ_CURR_CHKFILE(NYMDb, NHMSb)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Building g from STT_ADJ variable\n" .
        "         DO K = NST, NEND       \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            IF (EXP_PRECOND) THEN\n" .
        "             ! Convert adjoint to gradient w.r.t. log-concentrations\n" .
        "               g((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)*NTOT+K-NST+1)\n" .
        "     &              = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K)*STT(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               g((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)*NTOT+K-NST+1)\n" .
        "     &              = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "            END IF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         !-------------reference norm calculations-----------------\n" .
        "         STT_OPTZ(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) = STT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OBS_CHKFILE( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "         STT_ORIG(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS) = STT(:,:,:,1:N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ref_norm = 0.d0\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         DO K = NST, NEND       \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            ref_norm = ref_norm+STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K)*STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ref_norm = dsqrt(ref_norm)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !---------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! RMS calculations\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         diff_norm = 0.d0\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         DO K = NST, NEND       \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            diff_norm = diff_norm\n" .
        "     &           +(STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K)-STT_OPTZ(I,J,L,K))\n" .
        "     &           *(STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K)-STT_OPTZ(I,J,L,K))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT(I,J,L,K) = STT_OPTZ(I,J,L,K) - STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K) \n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         diff_norm = dsqrt(diff_norm)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         rms = diff_norm/ref_norm\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! checkpointing f, rms and model_runs\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         write(124,*) f\n" .
        "         write(125,*) rms\n" .
        "         write(126,*) N_GC_RUNS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         ! DUMP THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CURRENT CONC AND REFERENCE CONC\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_DIFFOPTZ_CHKFILE(NYMDb, NHMSb, TAUb)\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      elseif (task(1:5) .eq. 'NEW_X')  then\n" .
        "            ! the minimization routine has returned with a new iterate,\n" .
        "            ! and we have opted to continue the iteration.\n" .
        "       \n" .
        "         WRITE(143,*) IT_NUM,' ENTER NEW_X, X=',x(1),x(100)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        We terminate execution when task is neither FG nor NEW_X.\n" .
        "c        We print the information contained in the string task\n" .
        "c        if the default output is not used and the execution is\n" .
        "c        not stopped intentionally by the user. \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (iprint.le.-1.and.task(1:4).ne.'STOP')write(6,*)task\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !---------- the end of the loop -------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Save lbfgs arguments to checkpoint file csave for next iteration\n" .
        "      open(19,file='opt/csave')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      write(19,*) csave  \n" .
        "      write(19,*) dsave\n" .
        "      write(19,*) isave\n" .
        "      write(19,*) lsave\n" .
        "      write(19,*) f\n" .
        "      write(19,*) g\n" .
        "      write(19,*) task\n" .
        "      write(19,*) x\n" .
        "      write(19,*) wa\n" .
        "      write(19,*) iwa\n" .
        "      write(19,*) lb\n" .
        "      write(19,*) ub\n" .
        "      write(19,*) nbd\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      close(19)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! If task is neither FG nor NEW_X we terminate execution.\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "10000 CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      write(20,*) IT_NUM+1\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( g ) ) DEALLOCATE( g )  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( x ) ) DEALLOCATE( x )  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CLOSE(124)\n" .
        "      CLOSE(125) \n" .
        "      CLOSE(126) \n" .
        "      CLOSE(141)\n" .
        "      CLOSE(142)\n" .
        "      CLOSE(143)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close all files\n" .
        "      CALL CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Deallocate dynamic module arrays\n" .
        "      CALL CLEANUP\n" .
        "\n" .
	"      END PROGRAM\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create 
#=============================================
sub createCalcBggrad
{
    printf "Creating calc_bggrad.f \n";
    open(FILE, ">calc_bggrad.f") || die "Unable to open calc_bggrad.f";
    print FILE "\n" .
        "!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE BG_GRAD_UPDATE ( CF, TRAC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "! Function:\n" .
        "!     Calculates the background cost-function value and updates\n" .
        "!     adjoint variable for initial time \n" .
        "\n" .
        "! CAUTION: \n" .
        "!     ->This subroutine is being constructed for current test problem. \n" .
        "!     ->One needs to modify the formulas according to his/her needs.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "! INPUT:\n" .
        "!     CF - Cost Function variable\n" .
        "!     TRAC - tracer number\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! DATA READ FROM FILES:\n" .
        "!     STT_PERT - background(perturbed) conc from file: CHEM_CHK_P1.**\n" .
        "!     STT      - optimized conc from file            : CHEM_CHK_P3.**\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! OUTPUT:\n" .
        "!     CF - Updated Cost Function Value\n" .
        " \n" .
        "! Revision History:\n" .
        "!     Kumaresh Singh & Sandu,A. May 08 - Added to calculate background \n" .
        "!     cost-function and update adjoint variable for model-observations\n" .
        "C-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY:STT, STT_ADJ, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY:IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Arguments:\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: CF\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: TRAC\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: I, J, L, K\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: D\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: STT_PERT(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER( 16 )   :: PNAME = 'BG_GRAD_UPDATE'\n" .
        "      CHARACTER( 96 )   :: XMSG = ' '\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: istatus, LFLAG     ! loop counters\n" .
        "      REAL*8, PARAMETER :: UNC_OBS = 0.08\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: SIGMA( LLPAR, N_TRACERS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------\n" .
        "      ! Initialization\n" .
        "      !-----------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CF   = 0d0\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !======================================================\n" .
        "      ! Reading background and optimized concentration fields\n" .
        "      !======================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      CALL READ_BG_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "      STT_PERT = STT\n" .
        "      CALL READ_CURR_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Compute the background std of each species K at each level L as the \n" .
        "      ! mean background concentration in the entire horizontal layer\n" .
        "      !             std = weight*ave_{ncols,nrows}(STT())\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      DO K=TRAC,TRAC\n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "            SIGMA(L,K) = 0d0\n" .
        "            DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "               DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "                  SIGMA(L,K) = SIGMA(L,K) + STT_PERT(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "               END DO\n" .
        "            END DO\n" .
        "            SIGMA(L,K) = 12*SIGMA(L,K)/(IIPAR*JJPAR)\n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Calculate the cost function and update adjoint variable as:\n" .
        "      ! -> Variance = std**2 \n" .
        "      ! -> costfunc = sum_{ncols,nrows,nlays,nspec}(C-Cb)**2/(2*Variance)\n" .
        "      ! -> lambda(i,j,l,k) = lambda(i,j,l,k) + (C-Cb)/Variance\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      DO K=TRAC,TRAC\n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "            DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "               DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "                  SIGMA(L,K) = 1d2\n" .
        "                  D = (STT(I,J,L,K)-STT_PERT(I,J,L,K))/SIGMA(L,K)\n" .
        "                  CF = CF + D*D/2\n" .
        "                  STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K) + D/SIGMA(L,K)\n" .
        "               END DO\n" .
        "            END DO\n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE\n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create calc_obsgrad.f
#=============================================
sub createCalcObsgrad
{
    printf "Creating calc_obsgrad.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">calc_obsgrad.f") || die "Unable to open calc_obsgrad.f";
    print FILE " \n" .
        "!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE OBS_GRAD_UPDATE ( CF )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "! Function:\n" .
        "!     Calculates the observation cost-function update value and updates\n" .
        "!     adjoint variable for the current dynamic time-step\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! CAUTION: \n" .
        "!     This subroutine uses model-observations to calculate cost function\n" .
        "!     and its gradient. One needs to modify the formulaes and I/O procedures\n" .
        "!     to incorporate real-observations.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "! INPUT:\n" .
        "!     CF - Cost Function variable\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! DATA READ FROM FILES:\n" .
        "!     STT_ORIG - observed(reference) conc from file: CHEM_CHK_P.***\n" .
        "!     STT      - optimized conc from file          : CHEM_CHK_P3.**\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! OUTPUT:\n" .
        "!     CF - Updated Cost Function Value\n" .
        " \n" .
        "! Revision History:\n" .
        "!     Kumaresh Singh & Sandu,A., May 08 - Added to calculate observation \n" .
        "!     cost-function and update adjoint variable for model-observations\n" .
        "C-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY:STT, STT_ADJ, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY:IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Arguments:\n" .
        "      REAL*8, INTENT(INOUT) :: CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: I, J, L, K\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: D\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: STT_ORIG(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER( 16 )   :: PNAME = 'OBS_GRAD_UPDATE'\n" .
        "      CHARACTER( 96 )   :: XMSG = ' '\n" .
        "      INTEGER           :: istatus, LFLAG     ! loop counters\n" .
        "      REAL*8, PARAMETER :: UNC_OBS = 0.01\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: AVE ( LLPAR, N_TRACERS )\n" .
        "      REAL*8            :: NOBS( LLPAR, N_TRACERS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------\n" .
        "      ! Initializations\n" .
        "      !-----------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CF   = 0d0      \n" .
        "      NOBS = 0d0\n" .
        "      AVE  = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !====================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read observation and optimized concentration fields\n" .
        "      !====================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      CALL READ_OBS_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "      STT_ORIG = STT\n" .
        "      CALL READ_CURR_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Compute the observation std of each species K at each level L as 8% of the \n" .
        "      ! mean observation concentration in the observational horizontal layer\n" .
        "      ! std = 0.08*ave_{obscols,obsrows}\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !----------------------------\n" .
        "      ! observation grid read from\n" .
        "      ! file 'mask.dat'\n" .
        "      !----------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OPEN(UNIT=20,FILE='mask.dat')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !--------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! Calculating \n" .
        "      ! sum_{obscols,obsrows}(STT_ORIG())\n" .
        "      !--------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO 		     \n" .
        "         READ(UNIT=20,FMT=*,IOSTAT=istatus) I,J,L,K\n" .
        "         IF (istatus<0) EXIT    ! end of file\n" .
        "         AVE(L,K)  = AVE(L,K) + STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K)\n" .
        "         NOBS(L,K) = NOBS(L,K) + 1\n" .
        "      END DO \n" .
        "      REWIND(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! Calculating \n" .
        "      ! -> ave_{obscols,obsrows} = sum_{obscols,obsrows}(STT_ORIG())\n" .
        "      ! -> std = 0.08*ave_{obscols,obsrows}\n" .
        "      !-----------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      LFLAG = 0\n" .
        "      DO 		     \n" .
        "         READ(UNIT=20,FMT=*,IOSTAT=istatus) I,J,L,K\n" .
        "         IF (istatus<0) EXIT    ! end of file      \n" .
        "         IF(LFLAG.ne.L) THEN    ! check if current layer number is different than prev\n" .
        "            AVE(L,K) = AVE(L,K)*UNC_OBS/NOBS(L,K)\n" .
        "         END IF\n" .
        "         IF(AVE(L,K).eq.0)THEN  ! conc on a certain layer might be zero on the obs grid\n" .
        "            AVE(L,K) = 1d0 \n" .
        "         END IF\n" .
        "         LFLAG = L\n" .
        "      END DO \n" .
        "      REWIND(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Calculate cost function and update the adjoint variable as:\n" .
        "      ! -> Variance = std**2 \n" .
        "      ! -> costfunc = sum_{obscols,obsrows,obslays,obsspec}(C-Cobs)**2/2*Variance\n" .
        "      ! -> lambda(c,r,l,s) = lambda(c,r,l,s) + (C-Cobs)/Variance\n" .
        "      !=========================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO 		     \n" .
        "         READ(UNIT=20,FMT=*,IOSTAT=istatus)  I,J,L,K\n" .
        "         IF (istatus<0) EXIT    ! end of file\n" .
        "         AVE(L,K) = 1d0\n" .
        "         D  = (STT(I,J,L,K) - STT_ORIG(I,J,L,K))/AVE(L,K)\n" .
        "         CF = CF + D*D/2\n" .
        "         STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,K) + D/AVE(L,K)\n" .
        "      END DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CLOSE(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create chemdr_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createChemDrAdj
{
    printf "Creating chemdr_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">chemdr_adj.f") || die "Unable to open chemdr_adj.f";
    print FILE         "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CHEMDR_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CHEMDR_ADJ is the driver subroutine for full adjoint chemistry \n" .
        "!  w/KPP Chemistry. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE AEROSOL_MOD,     ONLY : AEROSOL_CONC, RDAER, SOILDUST\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY : ABSHUM,   CSPEC,     ERADIUS, TAREA, \n" .
        "     &                            CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP,CSPEC_FOR_KPP,\n" .
        "     &                            CSPEC_ADJ, JLOP, R_KPP, IXSAVE,\n" .
        "     &                            IYSAVE, IZSAVE, EMIS_RATE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : AD,       AIRVOL,    ALBD,    AVGW   \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : BXHEIGHT, MAKE_AVGW, OPTD,    SUNCOS  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,         ONLY : SUNCOSB,  T\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,     ONLY : DO_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_PL_MOD,     ONLY : DO_DIAG_PL\n" .
        "      USE DUST_MOD,        ONLY : RDUST_ONLINE, RDUST_OFFLINE\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,       ONLY : DEBUG_MSG,    ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LCARB,        LDUST,     LEMBED\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LPRT,         LSSALT,    LSULF  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,     ONLY : LSOA,         LVARTROP,  LEMIS\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD, ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY : STT,   N_TRACERS, XNUMOL, STT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,    ONLY : IDTNOX,       IDTOX,     SETTRACE\n" .
        "      !USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,  ONLY : SAVE_FULL_TROP_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,    ONLY : UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,   ONLY : gckpp_Driver_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global,    ONLY : NTT\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"             ! IEBD1, IEBD2, etc.\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_O3\"          ! EMISRRN, EMISRR\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_NOX\"         ! SLBASE\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"        ! SMVGEAR variables\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DEP\"         ! FRCLND\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"        ! ND40\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE            :: FIRSTCHEM = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE            :: CH4_YEAR  = -1\n" .
        "      INTEGER                  :: I, J, L, NPTS, N, MONTH, YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER                  :: NYMD,     NHMS\n" .
        "      REAL*8                   :: CSPEC_TMP( ITLOOP, IGAS )\n" .
        "      REAL*8                   :: STT_TMP(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NNPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=50)        :: chfile\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=8)         :: chtime\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CHEMDR begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Set some size variables\n" .
        "      NLAT   = JJPAR\n" .
        "      NLONG  = IIPAR\n" .
        "      NVERT  = IVERT \n" .
        "      NPVERT = NVERT\n" .
        "      NPVERT = NVERT + IPLUME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get month and year\n" .
        "      MONTH  = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "      YEAR   = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Call LUMP_ADJ which partitions the adjoint tracers into individual\n" .
        "      ! adjiont species before chemistry\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL LUMP_ADJ( N_TRACERS, XNUMOL, STT_ADJ )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Call chemistry routines\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! PHYSPROC calls both CALCRATE, which computes rxn rates \n" .
        "      ! and SMVGEAR, which is the chemistry solver\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL READ_HSAVE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL READ_RRATE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( LEMIS ) CALL READ_EMISRATE_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CSPEC_FOR_KPP(:,:) = CSPEC(:,:)\n" .
        "      CSPEC_ADJ_FOR_KPP(:,:) = CSPEC_ADJ(:,:)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NTT = NTTLOOP\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !  **** KPP CHEMISTRY ****\n" .
        "      !----------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
	"\n" .
        "      CALL gckpp_Driver_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 102  FORMAT(A,'=[',3000(E24.14,1X),'];')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CLOSE(1001)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      CALL READ_PART_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
	"\n" .
        "      CALL PARTITION_ADJ( N_TRACERS, STT, STT_ADJ, XNUMOL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Copy the chemical species from CSPEC (actual troposphere) to\n" .
        "      ! CSPEC_FULL (potential troposphere) array.  We only need to do \n" .
        "      ! this if the variable troposphere is turned on. \n" .
        "      ! (bdf, phs, bmy, 10/3/06)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! SCHEM applies a simplified strat chemistry in order\n" .
        "      ! to prevent stuff from building up in the stratosphere\n" .
        "      !CALL SCHEM_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### CHEMDR: after SAVE_FULL_TROP')\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Set FIRSTCHEM = .FALSE. -- we have gone thru one chem step\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      FIRSTCHEM = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### Now exiting CHEMDR!' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CHEMDR_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create fd_driver.f
#=============================================
sub createFdDriver
{
    printf "Creating fd_driver.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">fd_driver.f") || die "Unable to open fd_driver.f";
    print FILE "      program driver\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_BWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,      ONLY:STT, STT_ADJ, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,        ONLY:CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,      ONLY:IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Local Variables\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: f1,     f2, Sum,EPS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER I,J,L,T,flag,K,DUM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: TRAC = 1\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: FEPS = 0.01\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLOX  = 1d-5\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNOX = 1d-8\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLCO  = 1d-10\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU, fd1, fd2, adj\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: er1(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: ab1(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: er2(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: ab2(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: er3(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: ab3(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      read(20,*) flag\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      er1 = 0d0\n" .
        "      er2 = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C     ---------------------------------\n" .
        "C     PERTURBED RUN\n" .
        "C     ---------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF(flag.eq.0)THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         EPS = FEPS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         PRINT*,'ENTERING FWD FOR PERT 1'\n" .
        "         call do_gc_fwd(EPS, TRAC, FEPS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "         write(20,*) 1\n" .
        "         close(20)\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "      ELSE IF(flag.eq.1)THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         EPS = FEPS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         PRINT*,'ENTERING FWD FOR PERT 2'\n" .
        "         call do_gc_fwd(EPS, TRAC, FEPS)         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "         write(20,*) 2\n" .
        "         close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         EPS = 0\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         PRINT*,'ENTERING FWD FOR ORIG'\n" .
        "         call do_gc_fwd(EPS, TRAC, FEPS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'ENTERING BWD FOR PERT 2'\n" .
        "         call do_gc_bwd(EPS)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            fd1 = STT(I,J,L,1)\n" .
        "            fd2 = STT(I,J,L,2)\n" .
        "            adj = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,1) !NOx\n" .
        "            er1(I,J,L,1) = abs(fd2-adj)/max(abs(fd2),abs(adj),1d-6)*100\n" .
        "            er2(I,J,L,1) = abs(fd2-fd1)/max(abs(fd2),abs(fd1),1d-6)*100\n" .
        "            er3(I,J,L,1) = abs(fd1-adj)/max(abs(adj),abs(fd1),1d-6)*100\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         STT = 0d0\n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,1) = er1(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,2) = er2(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,3) = er3(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "         write(20,*) 0\n" .
        "         close(20)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      END IF\n" .
        "      ! Close all files\n" .
        "      CALL CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Deallocate dynamic module arrays\n" .
        "      CALL CLEANUP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end program\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create lump_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createLumpAdj()
{
    printf "Creating lump_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">lump_adj.f") || die "Unable to open lump_adj.f";
    print FILE "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LUMP_ADJ( NTRACER, XNUMOL, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine LUMP_ADJ takes GEOS-Chem tracers and partitions them into individual \n" .
        "!  chemistry species before each KPP chemistry timestep. LUMP adjoint code \n" .
        "!  developed using TAMC.                                    (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER) : Number of tracers\n" .
        "!  (2 ) XNUMOL  (REAL*8 ) : Array of molecules tracer / kg tracer \n" .
        "!  (3 ) STT_ADJ (REAL*8 ) : Adjoint tracer concentrations [molec/cm3/box]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (3 ) STT_ADJ (REAL*8 ) : Adjoint tracer concentrations [v/v/box]\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC_ADJ,  JLOP,    VOLUME\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDTRMB, NMEMBER, CTRMB\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"     ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"     ! SMVGEAR II arrays\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: XNUMOL(NTRACER)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: STT_ADJ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACER)   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N, JLOOP, KK, JJ\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: ADCONCTMP  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! LUMP begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, NTRACER\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Skip if not a valid tracer\n" .
        "         IF ( IDTRMB(N,1) == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "       \n" .
        "         ! Loop over grid boxes\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, NPVERT\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, NLAT\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, NLONG\n" .
        "            ADCONCTMP = 0.d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! 1-D SMVGEAR grid box index \n" .
        "            JLOOP = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "            IF ( JLOOP == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N)*\n" .
        "     \$           (VOLUME(JLOOP)/XNUMOL(N))\n" .
        "            ADCONCTMP = ADCONCTMP+STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "            STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = 0.d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            DO KK = 1, NMEMBER(N)\n" .
        "               JJ = IDTRMB(N, KK)\n" .
        "               CSPEC_ADJ(JLOOP,JJ) = CSPEC_ADJ(JLOOP,JJ)+\n" .
        "     \$              ADCONCTMP*(1+CTRMB(N,KK))\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE LUMP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create partition_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createPartitionAdj()
{
    printf "Creating partition_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">partition_adj.f") || die "Unable to open partition_adj.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: partition.f,v 1.8 2006/08/14 17:58:12 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE PARTITION_ADJ( NTRACER, STT, STT_ADJ, XNUMOL ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine PARTITION separates GEOS-CHEM tracers into its individual\n" .
        "!  constituent chemistry species before each SMVGEAR chemistry timestep.\n" .
        "!  (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03, 7/14/06)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER) : Number of tracers\n" .
        "!  (2 ) STT     (REAL*8 ) : Tracer concentrations [kg/box]\n" .
        "!  (3 ) XNUMOL  (REAL*8 ) : Array of molecules tracer / kg tracer \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) STT     (REAL*8 ) : Updated tracer concentrations [molec/cm3/box]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now make CSAVE a local dynamic array.  Updated comments, cosmetic \n" .
        "!        changes (bmy, 4/24/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Add OpenMP parallelization commands (bmy, 8/1/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now dimension args XNUMOL, STT w/ NTRACER and not NNPAR (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Resize CSAVE to save local memory, for SUN compiler. (bmy, 7/14/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC, JLOP, VOLUME, PART_CASE, CSPEC_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,    ONLY : ALLOC_ERR, ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDTOX,     IDTNOX,    IDTRMB\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDO3,      IDNO,      IDHNO2\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : CTRMB,     NMEMBER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: STT(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACER)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT) :: STT_ADJ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACER)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: XNUMOL(NTRACER)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N, JLOOP, IPL, JJ, KK\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: CSAVEID(IGAS)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: CSAVEID_JJ(IGAS)\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: CS, IDNUM, AS  \n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CONCTMP, CONCNOX, SUM, SUM1\n" .
        "      REAL*8                 :: CSAVE( ITLOOP, NTRACER )\n" .
        "      real*8 cspeci(itloop,igas)\n" .
        "      real*8 cspecj(itloop,igas)\n" .
        "      integer ip1\n" .
        "      integer ip2\n" .
        "      real*8 sumj\n" .
        "      real*8 adconcnox\n" .
        "      real*8 adconctmp\n" .
        "      real*8 adcsave(itloop,ntracer)\n" .
        "      real*8 adsum\n" .
        "      real*8 adsum1\n" .
        "      real*8 stt_tmp(iipar,jjpar,llpar,ntracer)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! PARTITION begins here!\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! Copy values of CSPEC that need to be saved  (bdf, 3/30/99)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize\n" .
        "      IDNUM         = 0\n" .
        "      CSAVEID(:)    = 0\n" .
        "      CSAVEID_JJ(:) = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over tracers\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, NTRACER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Skip if this is not a valid tracer\n" .
        "         IF ( IDTRMB(N,1) == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Handle all other tracers except Ox \n" .
        "         IF ( N /= IDTOX ) THEN\n" .
        "            DO KK = 1, NMEMBER(N)\n" .
        "               IDNUM             = IDNUM + 1\n" .
        "               JJ                = IDTRMB(N,KK)\n" .
        "               CSAVEID(JJ)       = IDNUM\n" .
        "               CSAVEID_JJ(IDNUM) = JJ\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Handle Ox\n" .
        "         ELSE IF ( IDTOX /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            JJ                = IDTRMB(N,1)\n" .
        "            IDNUM             = IDNUM + 1\n" .
        "            CSAVEID(JJ)       = IDNUM\n" .
        "            CSAVEID_JJ(IDNUM) = JJ\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over tracer members and boxes\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, JLOOP )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, IDNUM\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, NPVERT\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, NLAT\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, NLONG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1-D SMVGEAR grid box index\n" .
        "         JLOOP = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         IF ( JLOOP == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Store into CSAVE\n" .
        "         CSAVE(JLOOP,N) = CSPEC(JLOOP,CSAVEID_JJ(N))\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Split each tracer up into its components (if any)\n" .
        "      ! Family tracers are partitioned among members according to \n" .
        "      ! initial ratios. In tracer sequence, OX must be after NOX, \n" .
        "      ! otherwise, adjust the code\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C RESET LOCAL ADJOINT VARIABLES\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      adconcnox = 0.\n" .
        "      adconctmp = 0.\n" .
        "      do ip2 = 1, ntracer\n" .
        "        do ip1 = 1, itloop\n" .
        "          adcsave(ip1,ip2) = 0.\n" .
        "        end do\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "      adsum = 0.\n" .
        "      adsum1 = 0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "C ADJOINT COMPUTATIONS\n" .
        "C----------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      do n = ntracer, 1, -1\n" .
        "        if (idtrmb(n,1) .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, JLOOP, CONCTMP, SUM, KK, JJ, SUM1, CONCNOX )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( ADCONCTMP, ADSUM, ADSUM1, ADCONCNOX )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "          do l = npvert, 1, -1\n" .
        "          do j = nlat, 1, -1\n" .
        "             do i = nlong, 1, -1\n" .
        "                sumj = sum\n" .
        "                jloop = jlop(i,j,l)\n" .
        "                if (jloop .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                   stt(i,j,l,n) = stt(i,j,l,n)/volume(jloop)*xnumol(n)\n" .
        "                   conctmp = stt(i,j,l,n)\n" .
        "                   if (n .ne. idtox) then\n" .
        "                      sum = 0.d0\n" .
        "                      do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                         jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                         sum = sum+csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                        (ctrmb(n,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                      end do\n" .
        "                   else if (idtox .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                      jj = idtrmb(n,1)\n" .
        "                      sum = csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*(ctrmb(n,1)+1)\n" .
        "                      sum1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                      do kk = 2, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                         jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                         sum = sum+csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                        (ctrmb(n,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                         sum1 = sum1+cspec(jloop,jj)*(ctrmb(n,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                      end do\n" .
        "                   endif\n" .
        "                   if (n .ne. idtox) then\n" .
        "                      do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                         jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                         adconctmp = adconctmp+CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                        (csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/sum)\n" .
        "                         adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                        adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+\n" .
        "     \$                        CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)/sum*conctmp\n" .
        "                         adsum = adsum-CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                        csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/(sum*sum)*conctmp\n" .
        "                         CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = 0.\n" .
        "                      end do\n" .
        "                   else if (idtox .ne. 0 .and. idtnox .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                      jj = ido3\n" .
        "                      cspec(jloop,jj) = conctmp-sum1\n" .
        "                      if (cspec(jloop,jj) .le. 0.d0) then\n" .
        "                         do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                            cspec(jloop,jj) = csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/\n" .
        "     &                           sum*conctmp\n" .
        "                         end do\n" .
        "                         sum = 0.d0\n" .
        "                         sum1 = 0.d0\n" .
        "                         do kk = 1, nmember(idtnox)\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(idtnox,kk)\n" .
        "                            if (jj .eq. idno .or. jj .eq. idhno2) then\n" .
        "                               sum = sum+csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                              (ctrmb(idtnox,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                            else\n" .
        "                               sum1 = sum1+cspec(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                              (ctrmb(idtnox,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                            endif\n" .
        "                         end do\n" .
        "                         concnox = stt(i,j,l,idtnox)\n" .
        "                         do kk = 1, nmember(idtnox)\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(idtnox,kk)\n" .
        "                            if (jj .eq. idno .or. jj .eq. idhno2) then\n" .
        "                               adconcnox = adconcnox+CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)\n" .
        "     &                              *(csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/sum)\n" .
        "                               adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                              adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+\n" .
        "     \$                            CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)/sum*(concnox-sum1)\n" .
        "                               adsum = adsum-CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                              csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/(sum*sum)\n" .
        "     &                              *(concnox-sum1)\n" .
        "                               adsum1 = adsum1-CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)\n" .
        "     &                              *(csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/sum)\n" .
        "                               CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = 0.\n" .
        "                            endif\n" .
        "                         end do\n" .
        "                         STT_ADJ(i,j,l,idtnox) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,idtnox)+\n" .
        "     &                        adconcnox\n" .
        "                         adconcnox = 0.\n" .
        "                         do kk = 1, nmember(idtnox)\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(idtnox,kk)\n" .
        "                            if (jj .eq. idno .or. jj .eq. idhno2) then\n" .
        "                               adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                              adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+adsum*\n" .
        "     \$                              (1+ctrmb(idtnox,kk))\n" .
        "                            else\n" .
        "                               CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)\n" .
        "     &                              +adsum1*(1+ctrmb(idtnox,kk))\n" .
        "                            endif\n" .
        "                         end do\n" .
        "                         adsum1 = 0.\n" .
        "                         adsum = 0.\n" .
        "                         sum = sumj\n" .
        "                         if (n .ne. idtox) then\n" .
        "                            sum = 0.d0\n" .
        "                            do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                               jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                               sum = sum+csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                              (ctrmb(n,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                            end do\n" .
        "                         else if (idtox .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(n,1)\n" .
        "                            sum = csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                           (ctrmb(n,1)+1)\n" .
        "                            do kk = 2, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                               jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                               sum = sum+csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))*\n" .
        "     &                              (ctrmb(n,kk)+1)\n" .
        "                            end do\n" .
        "                         endif\n" .
        "                         do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                            jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                            adconctmp = adconctmp+CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                           (csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/sum)\n" .
        "                            adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                           adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+\n" .
        "     \$                           CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)/sum*conctmp\n" .
        "                            adsum = adsum-CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)*\n" .
        "     &                           csave(jloop,csaveid(jj))/(sum*sum)\n" .
        "     &                           *conctmp\n" .
        "                            CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = 0.\n" .
        "                         end do\n" .
        "                      endif\n" .
        "                      jj = ido3\n" .
        "                      adconctmp = adconctmp+CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)\n" .
        "                      adsum1 = adsum1-CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)\n" .
        "                      CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = 0.\n" .
        "                   endif\n" .
        "                   if (n .ne. idtox) then\n" .
        "                      do kk = 1, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                         jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                         adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                        adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+\n" .
        "     &                        adsum*(1+ctrmb(n,kk))\n" .
        "                      end do\n" .
        "                      adsum = 0.\n" .
        "                   else if (idtox .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                      do kk = 2, nmember(n)\n" .
        "                         jj = idtrmb(n,kk)\n" .
        "                         CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj) = CSPEC_ADJ(jloop,jj)+\n" .
        "     &                        adsum1*(1+ctrmb(n,kk))\n" .
        "                         adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = \n" .
        "     &                        adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj))+adsum*(1+\n" .
        "     \$                        ctrmb(n,kk))\n" .
        "                      end do\n" .
        "                      adsum1 = 0.\n" .
        "                      jj = idtrmb(n,1)\n" .
        "                      adcsave(jloop,csaveid(jj)) = adcsave(jloop,\n" .
        "     \$                     csaveid(jj))+adsum*(1+ctrmb(n,1))\n" .
        "                      adsum = 0.\n" .
        "                   endif\n" .
        "                   STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)+adconctmp\n" .
        "                   adconctmp = 0.\n" .
        "                   STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n) = STT_ADJ(i,j,l,n)/volume(jloop)*\n" .
        "     \$                  xnumol(n)\n" .
        "                endif\n" .
        "             end do\n" .
        "          end do\n" .
        "       end do\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      end do\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE PARTITION_ADJ\n";

    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create read_sciao3_mod.f
#=============================================
sub createReadScaio3Mod()
{
    printf "Creating read_sciao3_mod.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">read_sciao3_mod.f") || die "Unable to open read_sciao3_mod.f";
    print FILE "!\$ read_sciao3_mod.f, Kumaresh  2008/24/01; based on read_sciano2_mod.f   \n" .
        "!\$ designed by Daven Henze for geos-3 Adjoint v6                                               \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      MODULE READ_SCIAO3_MOD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!---------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=140) :: SCIA_FILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Location of scia data \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=140), PARAMETER :: SCIA_DATA_DIR = \n" .
        "     &   '/home/kumaresh/GEOS/data/SCIA_DATA/'\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      CONTAINS \n" .
        "   \n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CALC_TESO3_FORCE( STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CALC_TESO3_FORCE calculates adjoint forcing and cost function\n" .
        "!  contribution from observations of O3 tropospheric column\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) STT_ADJ   (REAL*8) : Adjoint Variable\n" .
        "!  (2 ) COST_FUNC (REAL*8) : Cost function \n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) STT_ADJ   (REAL*8) : Adjoint Variable\n" .
        "!  (2 ) COST_FUNC (REAL*8) : Cost function \n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : JLOP\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,    ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,     ONLY : GET_IJ\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,     ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM, GET_NYMD, GET_NHMS, \n" .
        "     &                         GET_NHMSb, GET_NYMDb\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,   ONLY : N_TRACERS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\" ! Size params, PTOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      REAL*8, INTENT(INOUT) :: STT_ADJ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      ! Local variables \n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER :: MLGC_TOP = LLTROP\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: TIMESPAN, NP_START, NP_STOP\n" .
        "      REAL               :: ALON, ALAT\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I, J, L, JLOOP, LTM, LGC, NP, IIJJ(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: II,JJ,LL\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: NP_SPAN\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE      :: FIRST = .TRUE. \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CALC_SCIAO3_FORCE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SCIA_FILE = TRIM( SCIA_DATA_DIR )//'o3lonlat.dat'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(UNIT=20,file=TRIM(SCIA_FILE))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      II = 1\n" .
        "      JJ = 1\n" .
        "      LL = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over number of pixels in current timespan\n" .
        "      DO NP_SPAN = 1, 125\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         read(20,*) ALON,ALAT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO L = 1,LLTROP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get GEOS grid cell of current pixel\n" .
        "            IIJJ = GET_IJ(ALON,ALAT)\n" .
        "            I = IIJJ(1)\n" .
        "            J = IIJJ(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        " \n" .
        "            ! Get JLOOP 1-D coord from I,J,L 3-D coord\n" .
        "            !JLOOP = JLOP(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Add this in case I,J,L is not in current trop (dkh)\n" .
        "            !IF ( JLOOP == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF( II==I.AND.JJ==J.AND.LL==L) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            II = I\n" .
        "            JJ = J\n" .
        "            LL = L\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Calc cost function contribution\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT_ADJ(I,J,L,2) = 1d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !COST_FUNC = COST_FUNC + STT(I,J,L,2)*STT(I,J,L,2)/2\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "      ENDDO                     ! NP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CALC_TESO3_FORCE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END MODULE READ_SCIAO3_MOD\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create senst_driver.f
#=============================================
sub createSenstDriver()
{
    printf "Creating senst_driver.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">senst_driver.f") || die "Unable to open senst_driver.f";
    print FILE "      program driver\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_BWD,   ONLY:DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,        ONLY:CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER I,J,L,T,flag,K,DUM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C     ---------------------------------\n" .
        "      PRINT*,'ENTERING FWD'\n" .
        "      call do_gc_fwd()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      PRINT*,'ENTERING BWD'\n" .
        "      call do_gc_bwd()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Close all files\n" .
        "      CALL CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Deallocate dynamic module arrays\n" .
        "      CALL CLEANUP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end program\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create subdriver_bwd_4d.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverBwd4d()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_bwd_4d.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_bwd_4d.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_bwd_4d.f";
    print FILE "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_bwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Adjoint finite-difference driver is a modified version of main \n" .
        "! driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests.\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC        A     DDDDD       J   OOO   I  N   N TTTTTTT  \n" .
        "!    G        C             A A    D    D      J  O   O  I  NN  N    T\n" .
        "!    G   GGG  C        ==  AAAAA   D    D      J  0   O  I  N N N    T\n" .
        "!    G     G  C           A     A  D    D  J   J  0   O  I  N  NN    T\n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC    A       A DDDDD    JJJ    OOO   I  N   N    T\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 \n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem-Adj Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://people.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ.html\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ_Users_Manual.pdf\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, CSPEC_ADJ, JLOP, \n" .
        "     &                              IXSAVE,IYSAVE,IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP_ADJ,      PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH,         TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE READ_TESO3_MOD \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT, N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV,\n" .
        "     &                              STT_ADJ, PERT, NHMSb, NYMDb, TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : DDEP_ADJ, EMIS_ADJ, EMIS_I_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ,  DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global,      ONLY : NCOEFF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! PRIVATE module variables \n" .
        "      PRIVATE		:: TS_DYN	 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      ! MODULE VARIABLES \n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: TS_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER 		 :: FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU        \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE      :: NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I62_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD(f, TRAC)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      DOUBLE PRECISION    :: f\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: TRAC\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM-ADJ starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CF      = 0d0\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "      IF(LCHEM)THEN\n" .
        "         CSPEC_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "         CSPEC   = 0d0\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      f = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================\n" .
        "      !   OBSERVATION FORCING UPDATE\n" .
        "      !============================================\n" .
        "      CALL OBS_GRAD_UPDATE( CF )\n" .
        "      f = f + CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      TS_DYN = GET_TS_DYN()   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO MIN_ADJ = FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN - TS_DYN, 0, -TS_DYN\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         !           ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         ! If it is the first time through, we will use i6 field from the\n" .
        "         ! forward calculation, and all we need to do is set NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! This only happens if stop time is a 6h interval, in which\n" .
        "            ! case NSECb gets advanced 6hrs beyond what it actually was\n" .
        "            ! last used as, so set it back here.\n" .
        "            IF ( NSECb > GET_ELAPSED_SEC() ) THEN\n" .
        "               NSECb = NSECb - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "               WRITE(6,*) '    -- Pushing NSECb back by 6h '\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! GET SLP1 and TROPP1 at the beginning of the last I-6 interval\n" .
        "            I62_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ(\n" .
        "     &               ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() - NSECb ) / 60 )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "            ! Now we don't reset this until after reading daily data\n" .
        "            !FIRST    = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR I-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            !        The I-6 fields at the beginning of the next ( forward )\n" .
        "            !        timestep become the fields at the end of this timestep\n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous I-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_I6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            PRINT*,'I6 DATE = ',BEHIND_DATE(1),BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps (for ADJ argument is PS1, not PS2)\n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Set NSECb_ADJ to be used for the interpolation\n" .
        "            ! where NSECb_ADJ is the total elapsed time in seconds at the\n" .
        "            ! beginning of the current 6h time step which contains ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = ( MIN_ADJ + TS_DYN ) * 60  - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-3 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-3 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A3_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), \n" .
        "     &                                           BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! RDLAI  returns today's leaf-area index\n" .
        "         ! RDSOIL returns today's soil type information\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read daily data at 11:30 p.m. on any new day, not counting the \n" .
        "         ! \"first\" day of the adjoint integration, during which we can\n" .
        "         ! still use values from the forward integration. \n" .
        "         IF ( GET_NHMS() == 233000 .AND. ( .not. FIRST ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_MONTH() )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! Reset first-time flag\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep,\n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+NTDT\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP_ADJ( NSECb_ADJ, GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), N_DYN )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! (dkh, 11/07/05)  \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF (  LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                   GET_ELAPSED_SEC()+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) STOP\n" .
        "#endif     \n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! decrement elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "         ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "         IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF(LTRAN)THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_PRESSURE_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS)\n" .
        "            CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE(TMP_PRESS(:,:))\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** CONVECTION ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL READ_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ( LTURB ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** TRANSPORT ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               !CALL UPBDFLX_NOY_ADJ( 1 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !============================================\n" .
        "         !   OBSERVATION FORCING UPDATE\n" .
        "         !============================================\n" .
        "         CALL OBS_GRAD_UPDATE( CF )\n" .
        "         f = f + CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE(141,*) f\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================\n" .
        "      !   BACKGROUND COST AND GRADIENT UPDATE\n" .
        "      !============================================\n" .
        "      CALL BG_GRAD_UPDATE( CF, TRAC )\n" .
        "      f = f + CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if(maxval(abs(STT_ADJ)).eq.0)THEN\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'----------------'\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'maxval(g)',maxval(abs(STT_ADJ))\n" .
        "         PRINT*,'----------------'\n" .
        "         STOP\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE(142,*) CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-6\n" .
        "!  (instantaneous 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval, which is equivalent to when ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a \n" .
        "!  6h interval. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in i6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the i6 fields that \n" .
        "!      are already loaded. (dkh, 9/30/04)\n" .
        "! (2 ) FIXED BUG: Use EXTRA so that NHMS + (TS_DYN) is divisible by 6 h  \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD, 	 ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,  	 ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use I6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE I6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original, hardwired to 30 min dynamic time step\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000 \n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes TS_DYN <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN*100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!', \n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in I-6 fields at 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_I6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous instantaneous 6-hour (I-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_I6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! We need to read in the I-6 fields 6h (360 mins) behind of TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "      ! which is the same as 360 - TS_DYN behind ELAPSED_TIME \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 360 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-A\n" .
        "!  (average 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval (03, 09, 15,21), which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 6h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in A6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A6 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A6 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) && defined( A_LLK_03 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-4 \"a_llk_03\" data, we need to read A-6 fields when it\n" .
        "         ! is 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT.  DATE is the current time -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3, and GEOS-4 \"a_llk_04\" data,\n" .
        "         ! we need to read A-6 fields when it is 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT.\n" .
        "         ! DATE is the time 3 before now -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-6 fields at 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( DATE(2) + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 6-hour (A-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return the time 3h (180m) before now, since there is a 3-hour\n" .
        "      ! offset between the actual time when the A-6 fields are read\n" .
        "      ! and the time that the A-6 fields are stamped with. Also apply\n" .
        "      ! offset of TS_DYN. \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in A-3\n" .
        "!  (average 3-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 3h interval, which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 3h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in 3 fields when we are still within the last 3 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A3 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A3 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "      !IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 + 30*60 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A3 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A3 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 030000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 30 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-3 every 3 hours\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 030000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A3_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 3-hour (A-3) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A3_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-4/fvDAS, the A-3 fields are timestamped by center time.\n" .
        "      ! Therefore, the difference between the actual time when the fields\n" .
        "      ! are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 90 minutes.\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 90 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, GEOS-3, the A-3 fields are timestamped\n" .
        "      ! by ending time.  Therefore, the difference between the actual time\n" .
        "      ! when the fields are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 180 minutes.\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( N_MINS ) RESULT( DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ returns to the calling program a 2-element vector\n" .
        "!  containing the YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values at the current time minus N_MINS\n" .
        "!   minutes. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) N_MINS (INTEGER) : Minutes ahead of time to compute YYYYMMDD,HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,   ONLY : GET_JD, GET_NYMD, GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE JULDAY_MOD, ONLY : CALDATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N_MINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: JD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Astronomical Julian Date at current time - N_MINS\n" .
        "      JD = GET_JD( GET_NYMD(), GET_NHMS() ) - ( N_MINS / 1440d0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call CALDATE to compute the current YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS\n" .
        "      CALL CALDATE( JD, DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create subdriver_bwd_fd.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverBwdFd()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_bwd_fd.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_bwd_fd.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_bwd_fd.f";
    print FILE "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_bwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Adjoint finite-difference driver is a modified version of main \n" .
        "! driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests.\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC        A     DDDDD       J   OOO   I  N   N TTTTTTT  \n" .
        "!    G        C             A A    D    D      J  O   O  I  NN  N    T\n" .
        "!    G   GGG  C        ==  AAAAA   D    D      J  0   O  I  N N N    T\n" .
        "!    G     G  C           A     A  D    D  J   J  0   O  I  N  NN    T\n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC    A       A DDDDD    JJJ    OOO   I  N   N    T\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 \n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem-Adj Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://people.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ.html\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ_Users_Manual.pdf\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, CSPEC_ADJ, JLOP, \n" .
        "     &                              IXSAVE,IYSAVE,IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP_ADJ,      PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH,         TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE READ_SCIAO3_MOD \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT, N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV,\n" .
        "     &                              STT_ADJ,    PERT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : DDEP_ADJ, EMIS_ADJ, EMIS_I_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ,  DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global,      ONLY : NCOEFF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! PRIVATE module variables \n" .
        "      PRIVATE		:: TS_DYN	 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      ! MODULE VARIABLES \n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: TS_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER 		 :: FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,  NYMDb,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NHMSb\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU,         TAUb         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE      :: NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I62_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD(EPS)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      REAL*8    EPS, SUM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM-ADJ starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !CF      = 0d0\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "      CSPEC_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "      CSPEC   = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "         !IF(L/=1.and.L/=10.and.L/=15)CYCLE\n" .
        "         !IF(L/=10) CYCLE\n" .
        "         STT_ADJ(I,J,L,2) = 1d0\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      TS_DYN = GET_TS_DYN()   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO MIN_ADJ = FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN - TS_DYN, 0, -TS_DYN\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         !           ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         ! If it is the first time through, we will use i6 field from the\n" .
        "         ! forward calculation, and all we need to do is set NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! This only happens if stop time is a 6h interval, in which\n" .
        "            ! case NSECb gets advanced 6hrs beyond what it actually was\n" .
        "            ! last used as, so set it back here.\n" .
        "            IF ( NSECb > GET_ELAPSED_SEC() ) THEN\n" .
        "               NSECb = NSECb - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "               WRITE(6,*) '    -- Pushing NSECb back by 6h '\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! GET SLP1 and TROPP1 at the beginning of the last I-6 interval\n" .
        "            I62_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ(\n" .
        "     &               ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() - NSECb ) / 60 )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "            ! Now we don't reset this until after reading daily data\n" .
        "            !FIRST    = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR I-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            !        The I-6 fields at the beginning of the next ( forward )\n" .
        "            !        timestep become the fields at the end of this timestep\n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous I-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_I6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            PRINT*,'I6 DATE = ',BEHIND_DATE(1),BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps (for ADJ argument is PS1, not PS2)\n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Set NSECb_ADJ to be used for the interpolation\n" .
        "            ! where NSECb_ADJ is the total elapsed time in seconds at the\n" .
        "            ! beginning of the current 6h time step which contains ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = ( MIN_ADJ + TS_DYN ) * 60  - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-3 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-3 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A3_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), \n" .
        "     &                                           BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! RDLAI  returns today's leaf-area index\n" .
        "         ! RDSOIL returns today's soil type information\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read daily data at 11:30 p.m. on any new day, not counting the \n" .
        "         ! \"first\" day of the adjoint integration, during which we can\n" .
        "         ! still use values from the forward integration. \n" .
        "         IF ( GET_NHMS() == 233000 .AND. ( .not. FIRST ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_MONTH() )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! Reset first-time flag\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep,\n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+NTDT\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP_ADJ( NSECb_ADJ, GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), N_DYN )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! (dkh, 11/07/05)  \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF (  LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                   GET_ELAPSED_SEC()+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) STOP\n" .
        "#endif     \n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! decrement elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "         ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "         IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF(LTRAN)THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_PRESSURE_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS)\n" .
        "            CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE(TMP_PRESS(:,:))\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** CONVECTION ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL READ_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Increment elapsed time\n" .
        "               ! Update dynamic timestep\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ( LTURB )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** TRANSPORT ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               !CALL UPBDFLX_NOY_ADJ( 1 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c\$\$\$      OPEN(31,FILE='adj_NOx')\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         !IF(I/=46.or.J/=30.or.L/=1)CYCLE\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         !IF(L/=1.and.L/=10.and.L/=15)CYCLE\n" .
        "c\$\$\$         WRITE(31,*) EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,1) \n" .
        "c\$\$\$      END DO\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      END DO\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      END DO\n" .
        "c\$\$\$      CLOSE(31)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      OPEN(31,FILE='adj_NOx')\n" .
        "      DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "         !IF(L/=1.and.L/=10.and.L/=15)CYCLE\n" .
        "         !IF(L/=10) CYCLE\n" .
        "         WRITE(31,*)STT_ADJ(I,J,L,1)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      CLOSE(31)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-6\n" .
        "!  (instantaneous 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval, which is equivalent to when ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a \n" .
        "!  6h interval. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in i6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the i6 fields that \n" .
        "!      are already loaded. (dkh, 9/30/04)\n" .
        "! (2 ) FIXED BUG: Use EXTRA so that NHMS + (TS_DYN) is divisible by 6 h  \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD, 	 ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,  	 ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use I6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE I6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original, hardwired to 30 min dynamic time step\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000 \n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes TS_DYN <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN*100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!', \n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in I-6 fields at 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_I6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous instantaneous 6-hour (I-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_I6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! We need to read in the I-6 fields 6h (360 mins) behind of TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "      ! which is the same as 360 - TS_DYN behind ELAPSED_TIME \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 360 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-A\n" .
        "!  (average 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval (03, 09, 15,21), which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 6h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in A6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A6 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A6 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) && defined( A_LLK_03 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-4 \"a_llk_03\" data, we need to read A-6 fields when it\n" .
        "         ! is 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT.  DATE is the current time -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3, and GEOS-4 \"a_llk_04\" data,\n" .
        "         ! we need to read A-6 fields when it is 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT.\n" .
        "         ! DATE is the time 3 before now -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-6 fields at 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( DATE(2) + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 6-hour (A-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return the time 3h (180m) before now, since there is a 3-hour\n" .
        "      ! offset between the actual time when the A-6 fields are read\n" .
        "      ! and the time that the A-6 fields are stamped with. Also apply\n" .
        "      ! offset of TS_DYN. \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in A-3\n" .
        "!  (average 3-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 3h interval, which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 3h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in 3 fields when we are still within the last 3 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A3 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A3 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "      !IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 + 30*60 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A3 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A3 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 030000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 30 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-3 every 3 hours\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 030000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A3_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 3-hour (A-3) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A3_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-4/fvDAS, the A-3 fields are timestamped by center time.\n" .
        "      ! Therefore, the difference between the actual time when the fields\n" .
        "      ! are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 90 minutes.\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 90 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, GEOS-3, the A-3 fields are timestamped\n" .
        "      ! by ending time.  Therefore, the difference between the actual time\n" .
        "      ! when the fields are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 180 minutes.\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( N_MINS ) RESULT( DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ returns to the calling program a 2-element vector\n" .
        "!  containing the YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values at the current time minus N_MINS\n" .
        "!   minutes. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) N_MINS (INTEGER) : Minutes ahead of time to compute YYYYMMDD,HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,   ONLY : GET_JD, GET_NYMD, GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE JULDAY_MOD, ONLY : CALDATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N_MINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: JD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Astronomical Julian Date at current time - N_MINS\n" .
        "      JD = GET_JD( GET_NYMD(), GET_NHMS() ) - ( N_MINS / 1440d0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call CALDATE to compute the current YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS\n" .
        "      CALL CALDATE( JD, DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create subdriver_bwd_senst.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverBwdSenst()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_bwd_senst.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_bwd_senst.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_bwd_senst.f";
    print FILE "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_bwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Adjoint finite-difference driver is a modified version of main \n" .
        "! driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests.\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC        A     DDDDD       J   OOO   I  N   N TTTTTTT  \n" .
        "!    G        C             A A    D    D      J  O   O  I  NN  N    T\n" .
        "!    G   GGG  C        ==  AAAAA   D    D      J  0   O  I  N N N    T\n" .
        "!    G     G  C           A     A  D    D  J   J  0   O  I  N  NN    T\n" .
        "!     GGGGGG   CCCCCC    A       A DDDDD    JJJ    OOO   I  N   N    T\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 \n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem-Adj Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://people.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ.html\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.cs.vt.edu/~asandu/Software/GC_ADJ/GC_ADJ_Users_Manual.pdf\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, CSPEC_ADJ, JLOP, \n" .
        "     &                              IXSAVE,IYSAVE,IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP_ADJ,      PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH,         TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE READ_TESO3_MOD \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT, N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV,\n" .
        "     &                              STT_ADJ,    PERT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : DDEP_ADJ, EMIS_ADJ, EMIS_I_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ,  DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global,      ONLY : NCOEFF\n" .
        "      USE READ_TESO3_MOD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! PRIVATE module variables \n" .
        "      PRIVATE		:: TS_DYN	 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      ! MODULE VARIABLES \n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: TS_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER 		 :: FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,  NYMDb,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NHMSb\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU,         TAUb         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE      :: NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I62_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      REAL*8 CF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM-ADJ starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CF      = 0d0\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "      IF(LCHEM)THEN\n" .
        "         CSPEC_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "         CSPEC   = 0d0\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CALL CALC_TESO3_FORCE( STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "      !CALL OBS_GRAD_UPDATE( CF )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      TS_DYN = GET_TS_DYN()   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN = ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO MIN_ADJ = FINAL_ELAPSED_MIN - TS_DYN, 0, -TS_DYN\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         !           ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !============================================================\n" .
        "         ! If it is the first time through, we will use i6 field from the\n" .
        "         ! forward calculation, and all we need to do is set NSECb_ADJ\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! This only happens if stop time is a 6h interval, in which\n" .
        "            ! case NSECb gets advanced 6hrs beyond what it actually was\n" .
        "            ! last used as, so set it back here.\n" .
        "            IF ( NSECb > GET_ELAPSED_SEC() ) THEN\n" .
        "               NSECb = NSECb - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "               WRITE(6,*) '    -- Pushing NSECb back by 6h '\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! GET SLP1 and TROPP1 at the beginning of the last I-6 interval\n" .
        "            I62_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ(\n" .
        "     &               ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() - NSECb ) / 60 )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( I62_DATE(1), I62_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "            ! Now we don't reset this until after reading daily data\n" .
        "            !FIRST    = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR I-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            !        The I-6 fields at the beginning of the next ( forward )\n" .
        "            !        timestep become the fields at the end of this timestep\n" .
        "            !=================================================================\n" .
        "            CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous I-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_I6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            PRINT*,'I6 DATE = ',BEHIND_DATE(1),BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps (for ADJ argument is PS1, not PS2)\n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Set NSECb_ADJ to be used for the interpolation\n" .
        "            ! where NSECb_ADJ is the total elapsed time in seconds at the\n" .
        "            ! beginning of the current 6h time step which contains ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "            NSECb_ADJ = ( MIN_ADJ + TS_DYN ) * 60  - 6 * 3600\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-6 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-6 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A6_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS_ADJ(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() ) THEN\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            WRITE(6,*)  ' ADJ: TIME FOR A-3 '\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the previous A-3 data block\n" .
        "            BEHIND_DATE = GET_A3_TIME_ADJ()\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS_ADJ( BEHIND_DATE(1), \n" .
        "     &                                           BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS( BEHIND_DATE(1), BEHIND_DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! RDLAI  returns today's leaf-area index\n" .
        "         ! RDSOIL returns today's soil type information\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read daily data at 11:30 p.m. on any new day, not counting the \n" .
        "         ! \"first\" day of the adjoint integration, during which we can\n" .
        "         ! still use values from the forward integration. \n" .
        "         IF ( GET_NHMS() == 233000 .AND. ( .not. FIRST ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_MONTH() )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! Reset first-time flag\n" .
        "         IF ( FIRST ) FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep,\n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+NTDT\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP_ADJ( NSECb_ADJ, GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), N_DYN )\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "         ! (dkh, 11/07/05)  \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                GET_ELAPSED_SEC(), SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF (  LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( GET_DAY_OF_YEAR(), GET_NHMSb(),\n" .
        "     &                   GET_ELAPSED_SEC()+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) STOP\n" .
        "#endif     \n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! decrement elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "         ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "         IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV_ADJ\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF(LTRAN)THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_PRESSURE_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS)\n" .
        "            CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE(TMP_PRESS(:,:))\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** CONVECTION ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "               !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL READ_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX_ADJ( LTURB ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !=====================================================\n" .
        "         !      ***** TRANSPORT ADJOINT *****\n" .
        "         !=====================================================   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT_ADJ\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               !CALL UPBDFLX_NOY_ADJ( 1 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT_ADJ() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      STT = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I,J,L,N )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      DO N = 1, 12\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         STT(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_ADJ(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I,J,L,N )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      DO N = 13, NCOEFF\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         STT(I,J,L,N) = DDEP_ADJ(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P2( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      STT = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I,J,L,N )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      DO N = 1, 35\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         STT(I,J,L,N) = EMIS_I_ADJ(I,J,L,N)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_BWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-6\n" .
        "!  (instantaneous 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval, which is equivalent to when ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a \n" .
        "!  6h interval. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in i6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the i6 fields that \n" .
        "!      are already loaded. (dkh, 9/30/04)\n" .
        "! (2 ) FIXED BUG: Use EXTRA so that NHMS + (TS_DYN) is divisible by 6 h  \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD, 	 ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,  	 ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use I6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE I6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original, hardwired to 30 min dynamic time step\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000 \n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes TS_DYN <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN*100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!', \n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in I-6 fields at 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_I6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous instantaneous 6-hour (I-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_I6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_I6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! We need to read in the I-6 fields 6h (360 mins) behind of TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "      ! which is the same as 360 - TS_DYN behind ELAPSED_TIME \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 360 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_I6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in I-A\n" .
        "!  (average 6-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 6h interval (03, 09, 15,21), which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 6h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in A6 fields when we are still within the last 6 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A6 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A6 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A6 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A6 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 ) && defined( A_LLK_03 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-4 \"a_llk_03\" data, we need to read A-6 fields when it\n" .
        "         ! is 00, 06, 12, 18 GMT.  DATE is the current time -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-S, GEOS-3, and GEOS-4 \"a_llk_04\" data,\n" .
        "         ! we need to read A-6 fields when it is 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT.\n" .
        "         ! DATE is the time 3 before now -- test below.\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 060000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 60 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-6 fields at 03, 09, 15, 21 GMT\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( DATE(2) + EXTRA, 060000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A6_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 6-hour (A-6) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A6_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A6_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return the time 3h (180m) before now, since there is a 3-hour\n" .
        "      ! offset between the actual time when the A-6 fields are read\n" .
        "      ! and the time that the A-6 fields are stamped with. Also apply\n" .
        "      ! offset of TS_DYN. \n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A6_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ() RESULT( FLAG )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ returns TRUE if it is time to read in A-3\n" .
        "!  (average 3-h fields) and FALSE otherwise. This happens when TIME_ADJ is\n" .
        "!  at a 3h interval, which is equivalent to when\n" .
        "!  ELAPSED_TIME+TS_DYN is at a 3h interval. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! (1 ) Don't read in 3 fields when we are still within the last 3 h interval\n" .
        "!      from the forward simulation, in which case just use the A3 fields that\n" .
        "!      are already loaded. NSECb is the total elapsed seconds at the last fwd\n" .
        "!      I6 interval, so if we are more than 3 hr past this, can use A3 fields\n" .
        "!      from forward run. (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NHMS, GET_ELAPSED_SEC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,     ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE SUBDRIVER_FWD, ONLY : NSECb\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: FLAG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variable\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: EXTRA\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 ) THEN\n" .
        "      !IF ( GET_ELAPSED_SEC() >= NSECb + 3 * 3600 + 30*60 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We can use A3 fields still loaded from forward run\n" .
        "         FLAG = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Echo this fact to the screen\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)  '      -- USE A3 FIELDS FROM FORWARD RUN '\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         ! EXTRA set so that current NHMS + 1 dynamic time step is\n" .
        "         ! divisible by 030000\n" .
        "         ! Original formula, assumes dynamic time step is 30 min\n" .
        "         !EXTRA = 7000\n" .
        "         ! Qinbin's formula, assumes dynamic time step <= 60 min\n" .
        "         EXTRA = 4000 + TS_DYN * 100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( TS_DYN > 30 ) CALL ERROR_STOP( 'Invalid EXTRA!',\n" .
        "     &      'ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ (adjoint.f)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We read in A-3 every 3 hours\n" .
        "         FLAG = ( MOD( GET_NHMS() + EXTRA, 030000 ) == 0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ( ) RESULT( BEHIND_DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_A3_TIME_ADJ returns the correct YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values\n" .
        "!  that are needed to read in the previous average 3-hour (A-3) fields.\n" .
        "!  (dkh, 03/04/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) This is only called if ITS_TIME_FOR_A3_ADJ is true\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: BEHIND_DATE(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_A3_TIME_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-4/fvDAS, the A-3 fields are timestamped by center time.\n" .
        "      ! Therefore, the difference between the actual time when the fields\n" .
        "      ! are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 90 minutes.\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 90 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, GEOS-3, the A-3 fields are timestamped\n" .
        "      ! by ending time.  Therefore, the difference between the actual time\n" .
        "      ! when the fields are read and the A-3 timestamp time is 180 minutes.\n" .
        "      !BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( 180 - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "      BEHIND_DATE = GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( - TS_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_A3_TIME_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ( N_MINS ) RESULT( DATE )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Function GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ returns to the calling program a 2-element vector\n" .
        "!  containing the YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS values at the current time minus N_MINS\n" .
        "!   minutes. (dkh, 8/25/04)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) N_MINS (INTEGER) : Minutes ahead of time to compute YYYYMMDD,HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,   ONLY : GET_JD, GET_NYMD, GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE JULDAY_MOD, ONLY : CALDATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: N_MINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: DATE(2)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: JD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Astronomical Julian Date at current time - N_MINS\n" .
        "      JD = GET_JD( GET_NYMD(), GET_NHMS() ) - ( N_MINS / 1440d0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call CALDATE to compute the current YYYYMMDD and HHMMSS\n" .
        "      CALL CALDATE( JD, DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION GET_TIME_BEHIND_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_BWD\n" .
        "\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create subdriver_fwd_4d.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverFwd4d()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_fwd_4d.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_fwd_4d.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_fwd_4d.f";
    print FILE "\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_fwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Forward finite-difference driver is a modified version of\n" .
        "! main driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! \$Id: main.f,v 1.42 2006/10/17 17:51:14 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "! \$Log: main.f,v \$\n" .
        "! Revision 1.42  2006/10/17 17:51:14  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-10, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Includes variable tropopause with ND54 diagnostic\n" .
        "! - Added GFED2 biomass emissions for SO2, NH3, BC, OC, CO2\n" .
        "! - Rewrote default biomass emissions routines for clarity\n" .
        "! - Updates for GCAP: future emissions, met-field reading, TOMS-O3\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in planeflight_mod.f: set NCS variable correctly\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in SOA_LUMP; other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-09, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updated CO for David Streets (2001 for China, 2000 elsewhere)\n" .
        "! - Now reset negative SPHU to a very small positive #\n" .
        "! - Remove use of TINY(1d0) to avoid NaN's on SUN platform\n" .
        "! - Minor bug fixes and deleted obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.38  2006/08/14 17:58:10  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-08, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add David Streets' emissions for China & SE Asia\n" .
        "! - Removed support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields\n" .
        "! - Removed support for LINUX_IFC and LINUX_EFC compilers\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.37  2006/06/28 17:26:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-06, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add BRAVO emissions (NOx, CO, SO2) over N. Mexico\n" .
        "! - Turn off HO2 uptake by aerosols in SMVGEAR mechanism\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: GEOS-4 convection now conserves mixing ratio\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes & improvements\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.36  2006/06/06 14:26:07  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-05, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now gets ISOP that has reacted w/ OH from SMVGEAR (cf. D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Incorporated IPCC future emission scale factors (cf. S. Wu)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.35  2006/05/26 17:45:24  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-04, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now updated for SOA production from ISOP (cf D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Now archive SOA concentrations in [ug/m3] (\"diag42_mod.f\")\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.34  2006/05/15 17:52:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-03, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Added near-land formulation for lightning\n" .
        "! - Now can use CTH, MFLUX, PRECON params for lightning\n" .
        "!   (NOTE: new lightning is only applied for GEOS-4 for time being)\n" .
        "! - Added ND56 diagnostic for lightning flash rates\n" .
        "! - Fixed Feb 28 -> Mar 1 transition for GCAP (i.e. no leap years)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.33  2006/03/24 20:22:53  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-CHEM v7-04-01, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updates to new Hg simulation (eck, cdh, sas)\n" .
        "! - Changed Reynold's # criterion for aerodyn smooth surfaces in drydep\n" .
        "! - Standardized several bug fixes implemented in v7-03-06 patch\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: Now call MAKE_RH from \"main.f\" to avoid problems in drydep\n" .
        "! - Removed obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!    G        E       O     O S            C       H     H E       M M M M    \n" .
        "!    G   GGG  EEEEEE  O     O SSSSSSS      C       HHHHHHH EEEEEE  M  M  M    \n" .
        "!    G     G  E       O     O       S      C       H     H E       M     M    \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 (formerly known as the Harvard-GEOS model)\n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/doc/man/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, IXSAVE, IYSAVE, \n" .
        "     &                              IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP,          PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LSULF,     LCARB, LSSALT\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMDb,        GET_NHMSb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMD,         GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A3_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A3_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A6_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A6_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_I6_TIME,      GET_MONTH\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TAU,          GET_TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM,      GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_ELAPSED_SEC,  GET_TIME_AHEAD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_DAY_OF_YEAR,  ITS_A_NEW_DAY\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_SEASON, GET_SEASON\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_MONTH,  GET_NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_LEAPYEAR,   GET_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_A3,  ITS_TIME_FOR_A6\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_I6,  ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV,ITS_TIME_FOR_DEL\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG,ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS,ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT,ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_CONV,      SET_CT_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_EMIS,      SET_CT_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_DIAGb,        SET_DIAGe\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CURRENT_TIME, PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_ELAPSED_MIN,  SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT,N_TRACERS,STT,TCVV,PERT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM, NHMSb,NYMDb,TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV,      DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,    J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,   NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb,  N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH,  DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,   NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NH_TMP, NY_TMP\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE	\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD(EPS, TRAC, x, NTOT, NST, EXP_PRECOND)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8  EPS\n" .
        "      INTEGER TRAC, IT_NUM, JLOOP  \n" .
        "      DOUBLE PRECISION :: x( IIPAR*JJPAR*LLPAR*NTOT )\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: EXP_PRECOND\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: NTOT,NST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Display current grid resolution and data set type\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read input file and call init routines from other modules\n" .
        "      CALL READ_INPUT_FILE \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_INPUT_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize met field arrays from \"dao_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_DAO' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize diagnostic arrays and counters\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INITIALIZE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize the new hybrid pressure module.  Define Ap and Bp.\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_PRESSURE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read annual mean tropopause if not a variable tropopause\n" .
        "      ! read_tropopause is obsolete with variable tropopause\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_TROPOPAUSE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize allocatable SMVGEAR arrays\n" .
        "      IF ( LEMIS .or. LCHEM ) THEN\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_COMODE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Allocate arrays from \"global_ch4_mod.f\" for CH4 run \n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) CALL INIT_GLOBAL_CH4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize MEGAN arrays, get 15-day avg temperatures\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_MEGAN' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local flag for reading XTRA fields for GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !LXTRA = ( LDUST .or. LMEGAN )\n" .
        "      LXTRA = LMEGAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !   ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Remove all files\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'remove all'\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Remove any leftover A-3, A-6, I-6, in temp dir\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA files \n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Unzip in foreground\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Unzip A-3, A-6, I-6 files for START of run\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA fields for START of run\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug output\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a UNZIP' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !    ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open and read A-3 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A3 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For MEGAN biogenics, update hourly temps w/in 15-day window\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: UPDATE T_DAY' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read A-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "      CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )      \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A6 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read I-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = (/ NYMD, NHMS /)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st I6 TIME' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st GWET TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 XTRA fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st XTRA TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute avg surface pressure near polar caps\n" .
        "      CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AVGPOLE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call AIRQNT to compute air mass quantities from PS1          \n" .
        "      CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PS1 )                              \n" .
        "      CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AIRQNT' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "      IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "  !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "  !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "  !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the existing\n" .
        "  !%%% lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a LIGHTNING' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read land types and fractions from \"vegtype.global\"\n" .
        "      CALL RDLAND   \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a RDLAND' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize PBL quantities but do not do mixing\n" .
        "      CALL DO_PBL_MIX( .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:1' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !       *****  I N I T I A L   C O N D I T I O N S *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read initial tracer conditions\n" .
        "      CALL READ_RESTART_FILE( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read ocean Hg initial conditions (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_OCEAN_RESTART' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Save initial tracer masses to disk for benchmark runs\n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================================\n" .
        "      !       ***** PERTURB INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS *****\n" .
        "      !============================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      read(20,*)IT_NUM\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      PERT = 0d0\n" .
        "      PERT(:,:,:,1) = STT(:,:,:,TRAC)*EPS\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF(IT_NUM.eq.0)THEN \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_OBS_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_ORIG_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU ) !for visualization purposes only\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,TRAC) = STT(:,:,:,TRAC) + PERT(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_BG_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_PERT_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )  !for visualization purposes only\n" .
        "        \n" .
        "         CALL READ_OBS_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "            !Convert log-concentrations to concentrations\n" .
        "            !--------------------------------------\n" .
        "         DO K = NST, NTOT+NST-1\n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            IF (EXP_PRECOND) THEN\n" .
        "               STT(I,J,L,K) = EXP(x((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)\n" .
        "     &              *NTOT+K-NST+1))\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               STT(I,J,L,K) =     x((((I-1)*JJPAR+J-1)*LLPAR+L-1)\n" .
        "     &              *NTOT+K-NST+1)\n" .
        "            END IF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CURR_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU ) \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_OPTZ_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )   !for visualization purposes only\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSECb is # of seconds at the start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      NSECb = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N_STEP = 1, N_DYN_STEPS\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         CALL PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** W R I T E   D I A G N O S T I C   F I L E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Set time at end of diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGe( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Write bpch file\n" .
        "            CALL DIAG3  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Flush file units\n" .
        "            CALL CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** W R I T E   R E S T A R T   F I L E *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LSVGLB ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Make atmospheric restart file\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_RESTART_FILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "               ! Make ocean mercury restart file\n" .
        "               IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a MAKE_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Set time at beginning of next diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGb( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** Z E R O   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 2 ) ! Zero arrays\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 3 ) ! Zero counters\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         !        ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date & time for 12h (720 mins) from now\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 720 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! If LWAIT=T then wait for the met fields to be\n" .
        "            ! fully unzipped before proceeding w/ the run.\n" .
        "            ! Otherwise, unzip fields in the background\n" .
        "            IF ( LWAIT ) THEN\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip background'\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Unzip A3, A6, I6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-3 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Update daily mean temperature archive for MEGAN biogenics\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) CALL UPDATE_T_DAY \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 PARDF, PARDR, SNOW fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read A-6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Since CLDTOPS is an A-6 field, update the\n" .
        "            ! lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "!%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "!%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "!%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "            IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else \n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next I-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_I6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps \n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS2 )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Fossil fuel emissions (SMVGEAR)\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS .and. ITS_A_NEW_SEASON() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL ANTHROEMS( SEASON )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_NEW_DAY() ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get averaging intervals for local-time diagnostics\n" .
        "         ! (NOTE: maybe improve this later on)\n" .
        "         CALL DIAG_2PM\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep, \n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+N_DYN                  !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP( NSECb, ELAPSED_SEC, N_DYN )                        !  CALL INTERP, sets psc2  !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^              !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Case of variable tropopause:\n" .
        "         ! Check LLTROP and set LMIN, LMAX, and LPAUSE\n" .
        "         ! since this is not done with READ_TROPOPAUSE anymore.\n" .
        "         ! (Need to double-check that LMIN, Lmax are not used before-phs) \n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) CALL CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)     !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )          ! PSC2 = p2 = interpolated pres at t=T+ΔT !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^             !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box \n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR, NHMSb, ELAPSED_SEC, SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR,                  NHMSb, \n" .
        "     &                   ELAPSED_SEC+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute tropopause height for ND55 diagnostic\n" .
        "         IF ( ND55 > 0 ) CALL TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) TS(:,:) = T(:,:,1)\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Update dynamic timestep\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CT_DYN( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INTERP, etc' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !     ***** S T R A T O S P H E R I C   F L U X E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** T R A N S P O R T *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT               \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL UPBDFLX_NOY( 2 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "            ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for convection timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment the convection timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CONV( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX( LTURB )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "               NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "               TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "             \n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVECTION' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "         ENDIF                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !    ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN \n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2, N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for emission timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS() ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Increment emission counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_EMIS( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !         ***** D R Y   D E P O S I T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LDRYD ) CALL DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !             ***** E M I S S I O N S *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS ) CALL DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment chemistry timestep counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CHEM( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "            NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "            TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS, TAU)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !  ***** E N D   O F   D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Check for NaN, Negatives, Infinities in STT once per hour\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CHECK_STT( 'End of Dynamic Loop' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Increment elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         IF(IT_NUM.eq.0)THEN \n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_OBS_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_CURR_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU ) \n" .
        "         ENDIF        \n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !        The I-6 fields at the end of this timestep become\n" .
        "      !        the fields at the beginning of the next timestep\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print the mass-weighted mean OH concentration (if applicable)\n" .
        "      CALL PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For model benchmarking, save final masses of \n" .
        "      ! Rn,Pb,Be or Ox to a binary punch file \n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.FALSE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n";
    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create subdriver_fwd_fd.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverFwdFd()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_fwd_fd.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_fwd_fd.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_fwd_fd.f";
    print FILE "\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_fwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Forward finite-difference driver is a modified version of\n" .
        "! main driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! \$Id: main.f,v 1.42 2006/10/17 17:51:14 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "! \$Log: main.f,v \$\n" .
        "! Revision 1.42  2006/10/17 17:51:14  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-10, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Includes variable tropopause with ND54 diagnostic\n" .
        "! - Added GFED2 biomass emissions for SO2, NH3, BC, OC, CO2\n" .
        "! - Rewrote default biomass emissions routines for clarity\n" .
        "! - Updates for GCAP: future emissions, met-field reading, TOMS-O3\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in planeflight_mod.f: set NCS variable correctly\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in SOA_LUMP; other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-09, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updated CO for David Streets (2001 for China, 2000 elsewhere)\n" .
        "! - Now reset negative SPHU to a very small positive #\n" .
        "! - Remove use of TINY(1d0) to avoid NaN's on SUN platform\n" .
        "! - Minor bug fixes and deleted obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.38  2006/08/14 17:58:10  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-08, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add David Streets' emissions for China & SE Asia\n" .
        "! - Removed support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields\n" .
        "! - Removed support for LINUX_IFC and LINUX_EFC compilers\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.37  2006/06/28 17:26:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-06, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add BRAVO emissions (NOx, CO, SO2) over N. Mexico\n" .
        "! - Turn off HO2 uptake by aerosols in SMVGEAR mechanism\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: GEOS-4 convection now conserves mixing ratio\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes & improvements\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.36  2006/06/06 14:26:07  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-05, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now gets ISOP that has reacted w/ OH from SMVGEAR (cf. D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Incorporated IPCC future emission scale factors (cf. S. Wu)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.35  2006/05/26 17:45:24  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-04, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now updated for SOA production from ISOP (cf D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Now archive SOA concentrations in [ug/m3] (\"diag42_mod.f\")\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.34  2006/05/15 17:52:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-03, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Added near-land formulation for lightning\n" .
        "! - Now can use CTH, MFLUX, PRECON params for lightning\n" .
        "!   (NOTE: new lightning is only applied for GEOS-4 for time being)\n" .
        "! - Added ND56 diagnostic for lightning flash rates\n" .
        "! - Fixed Feb 28 -> Mar 1 transition for GCAP (i.e. no leap years)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.33  2006/03/24 20:22:53  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-CHEM v7-04-01, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updates to new Hg simulation (eck, cdh, sas)\n" .
        "! - Changed Reynold's # criterion for aerodyn smooth surfaces in drydep\n" .
        "! - Standardized several bug fixes implemented in v7-03-06 patch\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: Now call MAKE_RH from \"main.f\" to avoid problems in drydep\n" .
        "! - Removed obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!    G        E       O     O S            C       H     H E       M M M M    \n" .
        "!    G   GGG  EEEEEE  O     O SSSSSSS      C       HHHHHHH EEEEEE  M  M  M    \n" .
        "!    G     G  E       O     O       S      C       H     H E       M     M    \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 (formerly known as the Harvard-GEOS model)\n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/doc/man/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, IXSAVE, IYSAVE, \n" .
        "     &                              IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP,          PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LSULF,     LCARB, LSSALT\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMDb,        GET_NHMSb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMD,         GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A3_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A3_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A6_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A6_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_I6_TIME,      GET_MONTH\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TAU,          GET_TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM,      GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_ELAPSED_SEC,  GET_TIME_AHEAD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_DAY_OF_YEAR,  ITS_A_NEW_DAY\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_SEASON, GET_SEASON\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_MONTH,  GET_NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_LEAPYEAR,   GET_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_A3,  ITS_TIME_FOR_A6\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_I6,  ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV,ITS_TIME_FOR_DEL\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG,ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS,ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT,ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_CONV,      SET_CT_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_EMIS,      SET_CT_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_DIAGb,        SET_DIAGe\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CURRENT_TIME, PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_ELAPSED_MIN,  SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT,N_TRACERS,STT,TCVV,PERT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV,      DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,  NYMDb,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NHMSb, NH_TMP, NY_TMP\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU,         TAUb         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE	\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD(EPS, TRAC, FEPS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8  EPS, FEPS, fd\n" .
        "      INTEGER TRAC, IT_NUM, JLOOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_O3(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_O3P1(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: STT_O3P2(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Display current grid resolution and data set type\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read input file and call init routines from other modules\n" .
        "      CALL READ_INPUT_FILE \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_INPUT_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize met field arrays from \"dao_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_DAO' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize diagnostic arrays and counters\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INITIALIZE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize the new hybrid pressure module.  Define Ap and Bp.\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_PRESSURE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read annual mean tropopause if not a variable tropopause\n" .
        "      ! read_tropopause is obsolete with variable tropopause\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_TROPOPAUSE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize allocatable SMVGEAR arrays\n" .
        "      IF ( LEMIS .or. LCHEM ) THEN\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_COMODE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Allocate arrays from \"global_ch4_mod.f\" for CH4 run \n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) CALL INIT_GLOBAL_CH4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize MEGAN arrays, get 15-day avg temperatures\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_MEGAN' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local flag for reading XTRA fields for GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !LXTRA = ( LDUST .or. LMEGAN )\n" .
        "      LXTRA = LMEGAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !   ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Remove all files\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'remove all'\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Remove any leftover A-3, A-6, I-6, in temp dir\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA files \n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Unzip in foreground\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Unzip A-3, A-6, I-6 files for START of run\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA fields for START of run\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug output\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a UNZIP' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !    ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open and read A-3 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A3 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For MEGAN biogenics, update hourly temps w/in 15-day window\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: UPDATE T_DAY' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read A-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "      CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )      \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A6 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read I-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = (/ NYMD, NHMS /)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st I6 TIME' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st GWET TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 XTRA fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st XTRA TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute avg surface pressure near polar caps\n" .
        "      CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AVGPOLE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call AIRQNT to compute air mass quantities from PS1          \n" .
        "      CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PS1 )                              \n" .
        "      CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AIRQNT' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "      IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "  !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "  !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "  !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the existing\n" .
        "  !%%% lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a LIGHTNING' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read land types and fractions from \"vegtype.global\"\n" .
        "      CALL RDLAND   \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a RDLAND' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize PBL quantities but do not do mixing\n" .
        "      CALL DO_PBL_MIX( .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:1' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !       *****  I N I T I A L   C O N D I T I O N S *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read initial tracer conditions\n" .
        "      CALL READ_RESTART_FILE( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read ocean Hg initial conditions (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_OCEAN_RESTART' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Save initial tracer masses to disk for benchmark runs\n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================================\n" .
        "      !       ***** PERTURB INITIAL CONCENTRATIONS *****\n" .
        "      !============================================================================\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      read(20,*)IT_NUM\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NH_TMP     = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NY_TMP     = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU        = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      PERT = 0d0\n" .
        "      PERT(:,:,:,1) = STT(:,:,:,TRAC)*FEPS\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF(IT_NUM.eq.0)THEN \n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,TRAC) = STT(:,:,:,TRAC) + PERT(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "      ELSE IF(IT_NUM.eq.1)THEN\n" .
        "         STT(:,:,:,TRAC) = STT(:,:,:,TRAC) - PERT(:,:,:,1)\n" .
        "      END IF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSECb is # of seconds at the start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      NSECb = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N_STEP = 1, N_DYN_STEPS\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         CALL PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** W R I T E   D I A G N O S T I C   F I L E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Set time at end of diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGe( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Write bpch file\n" .
        "            CALL DIAG3  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Flush file units\n" .
        "            CALL CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** W R I T E   R E S T A R T   F I L E *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LSVGLB ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Make atmospheric restart file\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_RESTART_FILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "               ! Make ocean mercury restart file\n" .
        "               IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a MAKE_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Set time at beginning of next diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGb( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** Z E R O   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 2 ) ! Zero arrays\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 3 ) ! Zero counters\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         !        ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date & time for 12h (720 mins) from now\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 720 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! If LWAIT=T then wait for the met fields to be\n" .
        "            ! fully unzipped before proceeding w/ the run.\n" .
        "            ! Otherwise, unzip fields in the background\n" .
        "            IF ( LWAIT ) THEN\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip background'\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Unzip A3, A6, I6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-3 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Update daily mean temperature archive for MEGAN biogenics\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) CALL UPDATE_T_DAY \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 PARDF, PARDR, SNOW fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read A-6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Since CLDTOPS is an A-6 field, update the\n" .
        "            ! lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "!%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "!%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "!%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "            IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else \n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next I-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_I6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps \n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS2 )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Fossil fuel emissions (SMVGEAR)\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS .and. ITS_A_NEW_SEASON() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL ANTHROEMS( SEASON )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_NEW_DAY() ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get averaging intervals for local-time diagnostics\n" .
        "         ! (NOTE: maybe improve this later on)\n" .
        "         CALL DIAG_2PM\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep, \n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+N_DYN                  !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP( NSECb, ELAPSED_SEC, N_DYN )                        !  CALL INTERP, sets psc2  !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^              !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Case of variable tropopause:\n" .
        "         ! Check LLTROP and set LMIN, LMAX, and LPAUSE\n" .
        "         ! since this is not done with READ_TROPOPAUSE anymore.\n" .
        "         ! (Need to double-check that LMIN, Lmax are not used before-phs) \n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) CALL CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)     !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )          ! PSC2 = p2 = interpolated pres at t=T+ΔT !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^             !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box \n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR, NHMSb, ELAPSED_SEC, SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR,                  NHMSb, \n" .
        "     &                   ELAPSED_SEC+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute tropopause height for ND55 diagnostic\n" .
        "         IF ( ND55 > 0 ) CALL TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) TS(:,:) = T(:,:,1)\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Update dynamic timestep\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CT_DYN( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INTERP, etc' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !     ***** S T R A T O S P H E R I C   F L U X E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** T R A N S P O R T *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               !CALL UPBDFLX_NOY( 2 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "            ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for convection timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment the convection timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CONV( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX( LTURB )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "               NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "               TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "             \n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVECTION' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "         ENDIF                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !    ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN \n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2, N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for emission timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS() ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Increment emission counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_EMIS( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !         ***** D R Y   D E P O S I T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LDRYD ) CALL DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !             ***** E M I S S I O N S *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS ) CALL DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment chemistry timestep counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CHEM( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "            NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "            TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS, TAU)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !  ***** E N D   O F   D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Check for NaN, Negatives, Infinities in STT once per hour\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CHECK_STT( 'End of Dynamic Loop' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Increment elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !        The I-6 fields at the end of this timestep become\n" .
        "      !        the fields at the beginning of the next timestep\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU         = GET_TAU() \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IF(IT_NUM.eq.0)THEN   \n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "      ELSE IF(IT_NUM.eq.1)THEN\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         STT_O3(:,:,:,1)   = STT(:,:,:,2) ! 2-O3, 3-PAN, 4-CO, 27-SO4\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         STT_O3P1(:,:,:,1) = STT(:,:,:,2) ! 2-O3, 3-PAN, 4-CO, 27-SO4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "         STT_O3P2(:,:,:,1) = STT(:,:,:,2)  ! 2-O3, 3-PAN, 4-CO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         STT = 0d0\n" .
        "         OPEN(31,FILE='fd1_Ox')\n" .
        "         OPEN(32,FILE='fd2_Ox')\n" .
        "           \n" .
        "         DO L=1,LLPAR\n" .
        "         !IF(L/=1.and.L/=10.and.L/=15)CYCLE\n" .
        "            !IF(L/=10) CYCLE\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            fd = (STT_O3P1(I,J,L,1)-STT_O3(I,J,L,1))/\n" .
        "     &           max( PERT(I,J,L,1),1.d-8 ) !(0.01)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT(I,J,L,1)     = fd\n" .
        "            WRITE(31,*)fd\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            fd = (STT_O3P1(I,J,L,1)-STT_O3P2(I,J,L,1))/\n" .
        "     &           (2*max( PERT(I,J,L,1),1.d-8 ))!(0.02) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT(I,J,L,2)     = fd\n" .
        "            WRITE(32,*)fd\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CLOSE(31)\n" .
        "         CLOSE(32)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P2( NY_TMP, NH_TMP, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( NY_TMP, NH_TMP, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print the mass-weighted mean OH concentration (if applicable)\n" .
        "      CALL PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For model benchmarking, save final masses of \n" .
        "      ! Rn,Pb,Be or Ox to a binary punch file \n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.FALSE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n";

    close(FILE);
}

#=============================================
# Create subdriver_fwd_senst.f
#=============================================
sub createSubdriverFwdSenst()
{
    printf "Creating subdriver_fwd_senst.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">subdriver_fwd_senst.f") || die "Unable to open subdriver_fwd_senst.f";
    print FILE "\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "! subdriver_fwd_fd.f, 2008/24/01 Kumaresh \$\n" .
        "! Forward finite-difference driver is a modified version of\n" .
        "! main driver for GEOS-Chem to carryout finite difference tests\n" .
        "! =============================================================\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! \$Id: main.f,v 1.42 2006/10/17 17:51:14 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "! \$Log: main.f,v \$\n" .
        "! Revision 1.42  2006/10/17 17:51:14  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-10, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Includes variable tropopause with ND54 diagnostic\n" .
        "! - Added GFED2 biomass emissions for SO2, NH3, BC, OC, CO2\n" .
        "! - Rewrote default biomass emissions routines for clarity\n" .
        "! - Updates for GCAP: future emissions, met-field reading, TOMS-O3\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in planeflight_mod.f: set NCS variable correctly\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in SOA_LUMP; other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-09, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updated CO for David Streets (2001 for China, 2000 elsewhere)\n" .
        "! - Now reset negative SPHU to a very small positive #\n" .
        "! - Remove use of TINY(1d0) to avoid NaN's on SUN platform\n" .
        "! - Minor bug fixes and deleted obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.38  2006/08/14 17:58:10  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-08, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add David Streets' emissions for China & SE Asia\n" .
        "! - Removed support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields\n" .
        "! - Removed support for LINUX_IFC and LINUX_EFC compilers\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.37  2006/06/28 17:26:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-06, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add BRAVO emissions (NOx, CO, SO2) over N. Mexico\n" .
        "! - Turn off HO2 uptake by aerosols in SMVGEAR mechanism\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: GEOS-4 convection now conserves mixing ratio\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes & improvements\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.36  2006/06/06 14:26:07  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-05, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now gets ISOP that has reacted w/ OH from SMVGEAR (cf. D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Incorporated IPCC future emission scale factors (cf. S. Wu)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.35  2006/05/26 17:45:24  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-04, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now updated for SOA production from ISOP (cf D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Now archive SOA concentrations in [ug/m3] (\"diag42_mod.f\")\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.34  2006/05/15 17:52:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-03, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Added near-land formulation for lightning\n" .
        "! - Now can use CTH, MFLUX, PRECON params for lightning\n" .
        "!   (NOTE: new lightning is only applied for GEOS-4 for time being)\n" .
        "! - Added ND56 diagnostic for lightning flash rates\n" .
        "! - Fixed Feb 28 -> Mar 1 transition for GCAP (i.e. no leap years)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.33  2006/03/24 20:22:53  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-CHEM v7-04-01, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updates to new Hg simulation (eck, cdh, sas)\n" .
        "! - Changed Reynold's # criterion for aerodyn smooth surfaces in drydep\n" .
        "! - Standardized several bug fixes implemented in v7-03-06 patch\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: Now call MAKE_RH from \"main.f\" to avoid problems in drydep\n" .
        "! - Removed obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!    G        E       O     O S            C       H     H E       M M M M    \n" .
        "!    G   GGG  EEEEEE  O     O SSSSSSS      C       HHHHHHH EEEEEE  M  M  M    \n" .
        "!    G     G  E       O     O       S      C       H     H E       M     M    \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 (formerly known as the Harvard-GEOS model)\n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/doc/man/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD \n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE, CSPEC, IXSAVE, IYSAVE, \n" .
        "     &                              IZSAVE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP,          PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LSULF,     LCARB, LSSALT\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMDb,        GET_NHMSb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMD,         GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A3_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A3_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A6_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A6_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_I6_TIME,      GET_MONTH\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TAU,          GET_TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM,      GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_ELAPSED_SEC,  GET_TIME_AHEAD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_DAY_OF_YEAR,  ITS_A_NEW_DAY\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_SEASON, GET_SEASON\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_MONTH,  GET_NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_LEAPYEAR,   GET_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_A3,  ITS_TIME_FOR_A6\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_I6,  ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV,ITS_TIME_FOR_DEL\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG,ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS,ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT,ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_CONV,      SET_CT_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_EMIS,      SET_CT_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_DIAGb,        SET_DIAGe\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CURRENT_TIME, PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_ELAPSED_MIN,  SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT,N_TRACERS,STT,TCVV,PERT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,      ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV,      DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,  NYMDb,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NHMSb, NH_TMP, NY_TMP\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU,         TAUb         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE	\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER JLOOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 :: OMP_GET_WTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Display current grid resolution and data set type\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read input file and call init routines from other modules\n" .
        "      CALL READ_INPUT_FILE \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_INPUT_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize met field arrays from \"dao_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_DAO' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize diagnostic arrays and counters\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INITIALIZE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize the new hybrid pressure module.  Define Ap and Bp.\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_PRESSURE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read annual mean tropopause if not a variable tropopause\n" .
        "      ! read_tropopause is obsolete with variable tropopause\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_TROPOPAUSE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize allocatable SMVGEAR arrays\n" .
        "      IF ( LEMIS .or. LCHEM ) THEN\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_COMODE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Allocate arrays from \"global_ch4_mod.f\" for CH4 run \n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) CALL INIT_GLOBAL_CH4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize MEGAN arrays, get 15-day avg temperatures\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_MEGAN' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local flag for reading XTRA fields for GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !LXTRA = ( LDUST .or. LMEGAN )\n" .
        "      LXTRA = LMEGAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !   ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Remove all files\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'remove all'\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Remove any leftover A-3, A-6, I-6, in temp dir\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA files \n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Unzip in foreground\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Unzip A-3, A-6, I-6 files for START of run\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA fields for START of run\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug output\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a UNZIP' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !    ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open and read A-3 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A3 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For MEGAN biogenics, update hourly temps w/in 15-day window\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: UPDATE T_DAY' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read A-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "      CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )      \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A6 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read I-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = (/ NYMD, NHMS /)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st I6 TIME' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st GWET TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 XTRA fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st XTRA TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute avg surface pressure near polar caps\n" .
        "      CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AVGPOLE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call AIRQNT to compute air mass quantities from PS1          \n" .
        "      CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PS1 )                              \n" .
        "      CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AIRQNT' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "      IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "  !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "  !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "  !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the existing\n" .
        "  !%%% lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a LIGHTNING' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read land types and fractions from \"vegtype.global\"\n" .
        "      CALL RDLAND   \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a RDLAND' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize PBL quantities but do not do mixing\n" .
        "      CALL DO_PBL_MIX( .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:1' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !       *****  I N I T I A L   C O N D I T I O N S *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read initial tracer conditions\n" .
        "      CALL READ_RESTART_FILE( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read ocean Hg initial conditions (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_OCEAN_RESTART' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Save initial tracer masses to disk for benchmark runs\n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSECb is # of seconds at the start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      NSECb = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N_STEP = 1, N_DYN_STEPS\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         CALL PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** W R I T E   D I A G N O S T I C   F I L E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Set time at end of diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGe( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Write bpch file\n" .
        "            CALL DIAG3  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Flush file units\n" .
        "            CALL CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** W R I T E   R E S T A R T   F I L E *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LSVGLB ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Make atmospheric restart file\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_RESTART_FILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "               ! Make ocean mercury restart file\n" .
        "               IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a MAKE_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Set time at beginning of next diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGb( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** Z E R O   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 2 ) ! Zero arrays\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 3 ) ! Zero counters\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         !        ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date & time for 12h (720 mins) from now\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 720 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! If LWAIT=T then wait for the met fields to be\n" .
        "            ! fully unzipped before proceeding w/ the run.\n" .
        "            ! Otherwise, unzip fields in the background\n" .
        "            IF ( LWAIT ) THEN\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip background'\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Unzip A3, A6, I6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-3 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Update daily mean temperature archive for MEGAN biogenics\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) CALL UPDATE_T_DAY \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 PARDF, PARDR, SNOW fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read A-6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Since CLDTOPS is an A-6 field, update the\n" .
        "            ! lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "!%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "!%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "!%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "            IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else \n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next I-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_I6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps \n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS2 )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Fossil fuel emissions (SMVGEAR)\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS .and. ITS_A_NEW_SEASON() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL ANTHROEMS( SEASON )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_NEW_DAY() ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get averaging intervals for local-time diagnostics\n" .
        "         ! (NOTE: maybe improve this later on)\n" .
        "         CALL DIAG_2PM\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep, \n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+N_DYN                  !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP( NSECb, ELAPSED_SEC, N_DYN )                        !  CALL INTERP, sets psc2  !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^              !--------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Case of variable tropopause:\n" .
        "         ! Check LLTROP and set LMIN, LMAX, and LPAUSE\n" .
        "         ! since this is not done with READ_TROPOPAUSE anymore.\n" .
        "         ! (Need to double-check that LMIN, Lmax are not used before-phs) \n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) CALL CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)     !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )          ! PSC2 = p2 = interpolated pres at t=T+ΔT !\n" .
        "         !^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^             !-----------------------------------------!\n" .
        "         !#################################################\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box \n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR, NHMSb, ELAPSED_SEC, SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR,                  NHMSb, \n" .
        "     &                   ELAPSED_SEC+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute tropopause height for ND55 diagnostic\n" .
        "         IF ( ND55 > 0 ) CALL TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) TS(:,:) = T(:,:,1)\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Update dynamic timestep\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CT_DYN( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INTERP, etc' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !     ***** S T R A T O S P H E R I C   F L U X E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** T R A N S P O R T *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT               \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL UPBDFLX_NOY( 2 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "            ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for convection timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment the convection timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CONV( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX( LTURB )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "               NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "               TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "             \n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVECTION' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "         ENDIF                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !    ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN \n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2, N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for emission timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS() ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Increment emission counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_EMIS( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !         ***** D R Y   D E P O S I T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LDRYD ) CALL DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !             ***** E M I S S I O N S *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS ) CALL DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !=========================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment chemistry timestep counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CHEM( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "            NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "            TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE(NYMD, NHMS, TAU)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !  ***** E N D   O F   D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Check for NaN, Negatives, Infinities in STT once per hour\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CHECK_STT( 'End of Dynamic Loop' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Increment elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !       ***** CHECKPOINTING EVERY DYNAMIC TIME STEP *****     \n" .
        "         !--------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !        The I-6 fields at the end of this timestep become\n" .
        "      !        the fields at the beginning of the next timestep\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print the mass-weighted mean OH concentration (if applicable)\n" .
        "      CALL PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For model benchmarking, save final masses of \n" .
        "      ! Rn,Pb,Be or Ox to a binary punch file \n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.FALSE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DO_GC_FWD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END MODULE SUBDRIVER_FWD\n" .
        "\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create checkpoint_mod.f
#=============================================
sub createCheckMod
{
    printf "Creating checkpoint_mod.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">checkpoint_mod.f") || die "Unable to open checkpoint_mod.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: restart_mod.f,v 1.14 2006/09/08 19:21:03 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "      MODULE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Module CHECKPOINT_MOD contains variables and routines which are used to read\n" .
        "!  and write GEOS-CHEM restart files, which contain tracer concentrations\n" .
        "!  in [v/v] mixing ratio. (bmy, 6/25/02, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Module Variables:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE   : Full path name of the restart file to be read\n" .
        "!  (2 ) OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE  : Full path name (w/ tokens!) of output file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Module Routines:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE    : Writes restart file to disk \n" .
        "!  (2 ) READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE    : Reads restart file from disk \n" .
        "!  (3 ) CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV : Converts from [ppbv], [ppmv], etc to [v/v]\n" .
        "!  (4 ) CHECK_DIMENSIONS     : Ensures that restart file contains global data\n" .
        "!  (5 ) COPY_STT             : Converts [v/v] to [kg] and stores in STT\n" .
        "!  (6 ) CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS    : Makes sure we have read in data for each tracer\n" .
        "!  (7 ) SET_CHECKPOINT          : Gets restart filenames from \"input_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  GEOS-CHEM modules referenced by restart_mod.f\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) bpch2_mod.f          : Module w/ routines for binary punch file I/O\n" .
        "!  (2 ) error_mod.f          : Module w/ NaN and other error check routines\n" .
        "!  (3 ) file_mod.f           : Module w/ file unit numbers and error checks\n" .
        "!  (4 ) grid_mod.f           : Module w/ horizontal grid information\n" .
        "!  (5 ) logical_mod.f        : Module w/ GEOS-CHEM logical switches\n" .
        "!  (6 ) time_mod.f           : Module w/ routines for computing time & date\n" .
        "!  (7 ) tracer_mod.f         : Module w/ GEOS-CHEM tracer array STT etc.\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Moved routines \"make_restart_file.f\"\" and \"read_restart_file.f\" into\n" .
        "!        this module.  Also now internal routines to \"read_restart_file.f\"\n" .
        "!        are now a part of this module.  Now reference \"file_mod.f\" to get\n" .
        "!        file unit numbers and error checking routines. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\".  Now reference \"error_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Also added minor bug fix for ALPHA platform. (bmy, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now references \"grid_mod.f\" and the new \"time_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Added error-check and cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Removed call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Add fancy output (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Added routine SET_CHECKPOINT.  Now reference \"logical_mod.f\" and\n" .
        "!        \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete routines TRUE_TRACER_INDEX and COPY_DATA_FOR_CO_OH\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (10) Now pass TAU via the arg list in MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE (bmy, 12/15/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MODULE VARIABLES\n" .
        "      !=================================================================    \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE   \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MODULE ROUTINES -- follow below the \"CONTAINS\" statement \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNUM = 1d-12\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CONV_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CONVECTION_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CONVECTION_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CONV_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         ! Only process concentration data (i.e. mixing ratio)\n" .
        "         IF ( CATEGORY(1:8) == 'IJ-AVG-\$' ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Convert TRACER from [v/v] to [kg] and copy into STT array\n" .
        "            CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CONVECTION_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CSP,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IGAS)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_CSP1.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IGAS\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = CSPEC(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_CSP( IU_RST, ITLOOP, IGAS, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC,  JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IGAS)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_CSP1.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,ITLOOP ), J=1,IGAS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IGAS\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         CSPEC(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CSP,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IGAS)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_CSP2.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IGAS\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = CSPEC(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_CSP( IU_RST, ITLOOP, IGAS, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : CSPEC,  JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IGAS)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_CSP2.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,ITLOOP ), J=1,IGAS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IGAS\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         CSPEC(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV( NTRACER, TRACER, UNIT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV converts the TRACER array from its\n" .
        "!  natural units (e.g. ppbv, ppmv) as read from the restart file to v/v\n" .
        "!  mixing ratio. (bmy, 6/25/02, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER)   : Tracer number\n" .
        "!  (2 ) TRACER  (REAL*4 )   : Array containing tracer concentrations\n" .
        "!  (3 ) UNIT    (CHARACTER) : Unit of tracer as read in from restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Can now also convert from ppm or ppmv\n" .
        "!        to v/v mixing ratio. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference GEOS_CHEM_STOP from \"error_mod.f\", which frees all\n" .
        "!        allocated memory before stopping the run. (bmy, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Remove obsolete reference to CMN (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE CHARPAK_MOD, ONLY : TRANUC\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"              ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER,          INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,           INTENT(INOUT) :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=*), INTENT(IN)    :: UNIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Convert UNIT to uppercase\n" .
        "      CALL TRANUC( UNIT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Convert from the current unit to v/v\n" .
        "      SELECT CASE ( TRIM( UNIT ) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CASE ( '', 'V/V' )\n" .
        "            ! Do nothing, TRACER is already in v/v\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         CASE ( 'PPM', 'PPMV', 'PPMC' ) \n" .
        "            TRACER = TRACER * 1d-6\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CASE ( 'PPB', 'PPBV', 'PPBC' ) \n" .
        "            TRACER = TRACER * 1d-9\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CASE ( 'PPT', 'PPTV', 'PPTC' )\n" .
        "            TRACER = TRACER * 1d-12\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CASE DEFAULT\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Incompatible units in punch file!'\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV'\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "            CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SELECT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print the min & max of each tracer as it is read from the file\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 ) NTRACER,  MINVAL( TRACER ), MAXVAL( TRACER )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( 'Tracer ', i3, ': Min = ', es12.5, '  Max = ',  es12.5 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CONVERT_TRACER_TO_VV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CHECK_DIMENSIONS( NI, NJ, NL ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CHECK_DIMENSIONS makes sure that the dimensions of the\n" .
        "!  restart file extend to cover the entire grid. (bmy, 6/25/02, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NI (INTEGER) : Number of longitudes read from restart file\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NJ (INTEGER) : Number of latitudes  read from restart file\n" .
        "!  (3 ) NL (INTEGER) : Numbef of levels     read from restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Now no longer allow initialization with \n" .
        "!        less than a globally-sized data block. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference GEOS_CHEM_STOP from \"error_mod.f\", which frees all\n" .
        "!        allocated memory before stopping the run. (bmy, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD, ONLY : GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NI, NJ, NL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CHECK_DIMENSIONS begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Error check longitude dimension: NI must equal IIPAR\n" .
        "      IF ( NI /= IIPAR ) THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'ERROR reading in restart file!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Wrong number of longitudes encountered!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in CHECK_DIMENSIONS (restart_mod.f)'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "         CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Error check latitude dimension: NJ must equal JJPAR\n" .
        "      IF ( NJ /= JJPAR ) THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'ERROR reading in restart file!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Wrong number of latitudes encountered!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in CHECK_DIMENSIONS (restart_mod.f)'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "         CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Error check vertical dimension: NL must equal LLPAR\n" .
        "      IF ( NL /= LLPAR ) THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'ERROR reading in restart file!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Wrong number of levels encountered!'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in CHECK_DIMENSIONS (restart_mod.f)'\n" .
        "         WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "         CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CHECK_DIMENSIONS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine COPY_STT copies the results into the STT tracer array. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER) : Tracer number\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NCOUNT  (INTEGER) : Ctr array - # of data blocks read for each tracer\n" .
        "!  (3 ) TRACER  (REAL*4 ) : Tracer concentrations from restart file [v/v]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also added parallel loops. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now exit if N is out of range (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now references N_TRACERS, STT & TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Remove call to TRUE_TRACER_INDEX (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,    ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD, ONLY : N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: NCOUNT(NNPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! COPY_STT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Tracer number\n" .
        "      N = NTRACER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Exit if N is out of range\n" .
        "      IF ( N < 1 .or. N > N_TRACERS ) RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! store Tracers into GEOS-CHEM tracer arry\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         STT(I,J,L,N) = TRACER(I,J,L) !* AD(I,J,L) / TCVV(N) \n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Increment the # of records found for tracer N\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(N) = NCOUNT(N) + 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE COPY_STT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE COPY_STT_ADJ( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine COPY_STT_ADJ converts tracer concetrations copies the results into \n" .
        "!  the STT_ADJ tracer array. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER) : Tracer number\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NCOUNT  (INTEGER) : Ctr array - # of data blocks read for each tracer\n" .
        "!  (3 ) TRACER  (REAL*4 ) : Tracer concentrations from restart file [v/v]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also added parallel loops. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now exit if N is out of range (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now references N_TRACERS, STT & TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Remove call to TRUE_TRACER_INDEX (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,    ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD, ONLY : N_TRACERS, STT_ADJ, TCVV\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: NCOUNT(NNPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! COPY_STT_ADJ begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Tracer number\n" .
        "      N = NTRACER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Exit if N is out of range\n" .
        "      IF ( N < 1 .or. N > N_TRACERS ) RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Store Tracer values in GEOS-CHEM tracers\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = TRACER(I,J,L) !* AD(I,J,L) / TCVV(N) \n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Increment the # of records found for tracer N\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(N) = NCOUNT(N) + 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE COPY_STT_ADJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE COPY_F( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine COPY_STT copies the results into the STT tracer array. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACER (INTEGER) : Tracer number\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NCOUNT  (INTEGER) : Ctr array - # of data blocks read for each tracer\n" .
        "!  (3 ) TRACER  (REAL*4 ) : Tracer concentrations from restart file [v/v]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also added parallel loops. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now exit if N is out of range (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now references N_TRACERS, STT & TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Remove call to TRUE_TRACER_INDEX (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,    ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD, ONLY : N_TRACERS, F, TCVV\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)    :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)    :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(INOUT) :: NCOUNT(NNPAR)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER                :: I, J, L, N\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! COPY_STT begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Tracer number\n" .
        "      N = NTRACER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Exit if N is out of range\n" .
        "      IF ( N < 1 .or. N > N_TRACERS ) RETURN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! store Tracers into GEOS-CHEM tracer arry\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "      DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "         F(I,J,L,N) = TRACER(I,J,L) !* AD(I,J,L) / TCVV(N) \n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Increment the # of records found for tracer N\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(N) = NCOUNT(N) + 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE COPY_F\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_RRATE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CSP,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : R_KPP\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global, ONLY : NTT, IND\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(NTT,NREACT)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('RRATE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, NREACT\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, NTT\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = R_KPP(I,IND(J))\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_CSP( IU_RST, NTT, NREACT, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_RRATE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_RRATE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : R_KPP\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Global\n" .
        "      USE gckpp_Parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(NTT,NREACT)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: II, JJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('RRATE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        II,       JJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,NTT ), J=1,NREACT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, NREACT\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, NTT\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         R_KPP(I,IND(J)) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_RRATE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( NTRACE, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS checks to see if we have multiple or \n" .
        "!  missing data blocks for a given tracer. (bmy, 6/25/02, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) NTRACE (INTEGER) : Number of tracers\n" .
        "!  (2 ) NCOUNT (INTEGER) : Ctr array - # of data blocks found per tracer\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now use F90 intrinsic REPEAT to\n" .
        "!        write a long line of \"=\"'s to the screen. (bmy, 6/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now reference GEOS_CHEM_STOP from \"error_mod.f\", which frees all\n" .
        "!        allocated memory before stopping the run. (bmy, 10/15/02)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!      \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD, ONLY : GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: NTRACE, NCOUNT(NNPAR)\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: N\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS begins here! \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over all tracers\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, NTRACE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Stop if a tracer has more than one data block \n" .
        "         IF ( NCOUNT(N) > 1 ) THEN \n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, 100 ) N\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, 120 ) \n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "            CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Stop if a tracer has no data blocks \n" .
        "         IF ( NCOUNT(N) == 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, 110 ) N\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, 120 ) \n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "            CALL GEOS_CHEM_STOP\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! FORMAT statements\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'More than one record found for tracer : ', i4 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( 'No records found for tracer : ',           i4 ) \n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( 'STOP in CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS (restart_mod.f)'    )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT_ADJ,       N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLOX  = 1d-6\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNOX = 1d-8\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLCO  = 1d-9\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('ADJ.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_ADJ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "c\$\$\$            IF(N==1)THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               IF(STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N).ne.0d0) THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  IF( STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) < SMALLNOX )THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                     TRACER(I,J,L) = 0d0\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$            ELSEIF(N==2)THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               IF(STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N).ne.0d0) THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  IF( STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) < SMALLOX )THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                     TRACER(I,J,L) = 0d0\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$            ELSE\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               IF(STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N).ne.0d0) THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  IF( STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) < SMALLCO )THEN\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                     TRACER(I,J,L) = 0d0\n" .
        "c\$\$\$                  ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$               ENDIF\n" .
        "c\$\$\$            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_ADJOINT_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers\n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format for perturbed chemistry concentrations. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a binary punch file for perturbed chemistry concentrations. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers\n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format for chemistry checkpoints of type1 information. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P1.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1 initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a binary punch file for chemistry checkpoints of type1 informations. \n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P1.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_HSAVE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_HSAVE_CHKFILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of KPP chemistry \n" .
        "!  step size in binary punch file format. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE, HSAVE_KPP\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS, JJLOOP\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('HSAVE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      N = 1\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Store KPP Chemistry step size in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP )\n" .
        "      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
        "         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J,L) = HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_HSAVE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_HSAVE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_HSAVE_CHKFILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a binary punch file with KPP chemistry step size. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global  \n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE, HSAVE_KPP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR), JJLOOP \n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('HSAVE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &     NSKIP\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP )\n" .
        "      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
        "         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         HSAVE_KPP(I,J,L) = TRACER(I,J,L) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_HSAVE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_PART_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_HSAVE_CHKFILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of KPP chemistry \n" .
        "!  step size in binary punch file format. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE, PART_CASE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS, JJLOOP\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('PART_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      N = 1\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Store KPP Chemistry step size in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP )\n" .
        "      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
        "         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J,L) = PART_CASE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_PART_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_PART_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_HSAVE_CHKFILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a binary punch file with KPP chemistry step size. (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE GCKPP_Global  \n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE, PART_CASE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR), JJLOOP \n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10        :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1         :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('PART_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "      IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &     NI,       NJJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &     NSKIP\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( JJLOOP )\n" .
        "      DO JJLOOP = 1,NTT\n" .
        "         I = IXSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         J = IYSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         L = IZSAVE(JJLOOP)\n" .
        "         PART_CASE(JJLOOP) = TRACER(I,J,L) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_PART_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P2( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P2.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type3 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CHEM_CHK_P3.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! store GEOS-CHEM tracer in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_PRESSURE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_2D,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('PRESS_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = TMP_PRESS(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_2D( IU_RST, IIPAR, JJPAR, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_PRESSURE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_PRESSURE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('PRESS_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,IIPAR ), J=1,JJPAR )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TMP_PRESS(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_PRESSURE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_FPBL_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CSP,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV, FP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('FPBL_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = FP(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_CSP( IU_RST, IIPAR, JJPAR, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_FPBL_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_FPBL_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G, FP\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('FPBL_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,IIPAR ), J=1,JJPAR )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         FP(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_FPBL_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_IMIX_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_INT,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV, IM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('IMIX_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = IM(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_INT( IU_RST, IIPAR, JJPAR, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_IMIX_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_IMIX_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD, TMP_PRESS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G, IM\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('IMIX_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,IIPAR ), J=1,JJPAR )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         IM(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_IMIX_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_EMISRATE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CSP,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : EMIS_RATE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: JLOOP,JJ, KK\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: IND = 40\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IND)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('EMISRATE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !PRINT*,'ITLOOP, IGAS = ',ITLOOP,IGAS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_EMISRATE_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IND\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         TRACER(I,J) = EMIS_RATE(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL BPCH2_CSP( IU_RST, ITLOOP, IND, TRACER )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_EMISRATE_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_EMISRATE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_EMISRATE_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,  ONLY : EMIS_RATE,  JLOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER  :: IND = 40\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(ITLOOP,IND)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('EMISRATE_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_EMISRATE_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS )\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( TRACER(I,J), I=1,ITLOOP ), J=1,IND )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J )\n" .
        "      DO J = 1, IND\n" .
        "      DO I = 1, ITLOOP\n" .
        "            ! Compute tracer concentration [molec/cm3/box] by\n" .
        "            ! looping over all species belonging to this tracer\n" .
        "         EMIS_RATE(I,J) = TRACER(I,J)\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_EMISRATE_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_EMISRATE_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_F_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : F,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNUM = 1d-12\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('F_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = F(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_F_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_F_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   F\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('F_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "         ! Only process concentration data (i.e. mixing ratio)\n" .
        "         IF ( CATEGORY(1:8) == 'IJ-AVG-\$' ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Convert TRACER from [v/v] to [kg] and copy into STT array\n" .
        "            CALL COPY_F( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_F_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_EMISDEP_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,       N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLOX  = 1d-6\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNOX = 1d-8\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLCO  = 1d-9\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('EMISDEP.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_ADJ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_EMISDEP_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_SRCEMIS_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,       N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLOX  = 1d-6\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLNOX = 1d-8\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  PARAMETER   :: SMALLCO  = 1d-9\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('SRCEMIS.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_ADJ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_SRCEMIS_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_OBS_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('OBS_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_OBS_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_OBS_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('OBS_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_OBS_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_CURR_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CURR_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_CURR_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_CURR_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('CURR_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_CURR_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_BG_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracer \n" .
        "!  mixing ratios (v/v), in binary punch file format. (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod.f\" which contains routines BPCH2_HDR, \n" .
        "!        BPCH2, and GET_MODELNAME for writing data to binary punch files. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now do not write more than NTRACE data blocks to disk.  \n" .
        "!        Also updated comments. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Added to \"restart_mod.f\".  Also now save the entire grid to the\n" .
        "!        restart file. (bmy, 6/24/02)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fix: Remove duplicate definition of MM.  This causes compile-time\n" .
        "!        problems on the ALPHA platform. (gcc, bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now references functions GET_OFFSET, GET_YOFFSET from \"grid_mod.f\".\n" .
        "!        Now references function GET_TAU from \"time_mod.f\".  Now added a call \n" .
        "!        to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Cosmetic changes (bmy, 4/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now reference STT, N_TRACERS, TCVV from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Also now\n" .
        "!        remove hardwired output restart filename.   Now references LPRT\n" .
        "!        from \"logical_mod.f\". (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (10) Remove references to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.  Now call GET_HALFPOLAR \n" .
        "!        from \"bpch2_mod.f\" to get the HALFPOLAR flag value for GEOS or GCAP \n" .
        "!        grids. (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "!  (11) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (12) Add TAU to the argument list (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2_CHK,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*8               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('BG_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert from [kg] to [v/v] and store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Convert STT from [kg] to [v/v] mixing ratio \n" .
        "         ! and store in temporary variable TRACER\n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2_CHK( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_BG_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE READ_BG_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS ) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE initializes GEOS-CHEM tracer concentrations \n" .
        "!  from a restart file (binary punch file format) (bmy, 5/27/99, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Day \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to read restart file\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now check that N = NTRACER - TRCOFFSET is valid.  \n" .
        "!        Also reorganize some print statements  (bmy, 10/25/99)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Now pass LFORCE, LSPLIT via CMN_SETUP. (bmy, 11/4/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Cosmetic changes, added comments (bmy, 3/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now use function NYMD_STRING from \"time_mod.f\" to generate a\n" .
        "!        Y2K compliant string for all data sets. (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Broke up sections of code into internal subroutines.  Also updated\n" .
        "!        comments & cleaned up a few things. (bmy, 7/17/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now use IOS /= 0 to trap both I/O errors and EOF. (bmy, 9/13/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Print max & min of tracer regardless of the units (bmy, 10/5/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Removed obsolete code from 10/00 (bmy, 12/21/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Removed obsolete commented out code (bmy, 4/23/01)\n" .
        "!  (10) Added updates from amf for tagged Ox run.  Also updated comments\n" .
        "!        and made some cosmetic changes (bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "!  (11) Bug fix: if starting from multiox restart file, then NTRACER \n" .
        "!        will be greater than 40  but less than 60.  Adjust COPY_STT_FOR_OX\n" .
        "!        accordingly. (amf, bmy, 9/6/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now reference TRANUC from \"charpak_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Updated comments (bmy, 1/25/02)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now reference AD from \"dao_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/18/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now added a call to DEBUG_MSG from \"error_mod.f\" (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (16) Remove call to COPY_STT_FOR_OX, it's obsolete. (bmy, 8/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) Add fancy output string (bmy, 4/26/04)\n" .
        "!  (18) No longer use hardwired filename.  Also now reference \"logical_mod.f\"\n" .
        "!        and \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Remove code for obsolete CO-OH simulation.  Also remove references\n" .
        "!        to CMN_DIAG and TRCOFFSET.   Change tracer name format string to A10.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 6/24/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Updated comments (bmy, 12/16/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,      IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LSPLIT,      LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : N_TRACERS,   STT\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : TRACER_NAME, TRACER_MW_G\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN) :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, IOS, J, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NCOUNT(NNPAR) \n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: SUMTC\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)  :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NI,     NJ,     NL\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: NTRACER,   NSKIP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "      REAL*4              :: LONRES,    LATRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: ZTAU0,     ZTAU1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)   :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)   :: RESERVED\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize some variables\n" .
        "      NCOUNT(:)     = 0\n" .
        "      TRACER(:,:,:) = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file and read top-of-file header\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('adjoint/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('BG_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy input file name to a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( INPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo some input to the screen\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)'   ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a,/)' ) 'R E S T A R T   F I L E   I N P U T'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( 'READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Reading ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open the binary punch file for input\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_READ( IU_RST, FILENAME )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Echo more output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 110 )\n" .
        " 110  FORMAT( /, 'Min and Max of each tracer, as read from the file:',\n" .
        "     &        /, '(in volume mixing ratio units: v/v)' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Read concentrations -- store in the TRACER array\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &     MODELNAME, LONRES, LATRES, HALFPOLAR, CENTER180\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS < 0 is end-of-file, so exit\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS < 0 ) EXIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! IOS > 0 is a real I/O error -- print error message\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS > 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:4' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        CATEGORY, NTRACER,  UNIT, ZTAU0,  ZTAU1,  RESERVED,\n" .
        "     &        NI,       NJ,       NL,   IFIRST, JFIRST, LFIRST,\n" .
        "     &        NSKIP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:5')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         READ( IU_RST, IOSTAT=IOS ) \n" .
        "     &        ( ( ( TRACER(I,J,L), I=1,NI ), J=1,NJ ), L=1,NL )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !     *****TESTING CHECKPOINTING*****\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------------------\n" .
        "         !PRINT*,'TRACER(2,2,2)=',TRACER(2,2,2)\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL IOERROR( IOS,IU_RST,'read_restart_file:6')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Assign data from the TRACER array to the STT array.\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         CALL COPY_STT( NTRACER, TRACER, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Examine data blocks, print totals, and return\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Check for missing or duplicate data blocks\n" .
        "      CALL CHECK_DATA_BLOCKS( N_TRACERS, NCOUNT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print totals atmospheric mass for each tracer\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 120 )\n" .
        " 120  FORMAT( /, 'Total atmospheric masses for each tracer: ' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Fancy output\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '=', 79 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### READ_CHECKPOINT_FILE: read file')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE READ_BG_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_ORIG_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('opt/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('ORIG_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_ORIG_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_PERT_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('opt/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('PERT_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_PERT_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_OPTZ_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('opt/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('OPTZ_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_OPTZ_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_DIFFPERT_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('opt/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('DIFFPERT_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_DIFFPERT_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MAKE_DIFFOPTZ_CHKFILE( YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS, TAU )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine MAKE_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_P3 creates GEOS-CHEM restart files of tracers \n" .
        "!  in binary punch file format. Used to checkpoint tracers for type2 information\n" .
        "!  (Kumaresh, 01/24/08)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) YYYYMMDD : Year-Month-Date \n" .
        "!  (2 ) HHMMSS   :  and Hour-Min-Sec for which to create a restart file       \n" .
        "!  (3 ) TAU      : GEOS-CHEM TAU value corresponding to YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : BPCH2,         GET_MODELNAME\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,   ONLY : GET_HALFPOLAR, OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,     ONLY : AD\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,   ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,    ONLY : IU_RST,        IOERROR\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,    ONLY : GET_XOFFSET,   GET_YOFFSET\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD, ONLY : LPRT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,    ONLY : EXPAND_DATE\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,  ONLY : STT,           N_TRACERS,  TCVV\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"   ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)  :: YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)  :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local Variables      \n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: I,    I0, IOS, J,  J0, L, N\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: YYYY, MM, DD,  HH, SS\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: TRACER(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)   :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For binary punch file, version 2.0\n" .
        "      REAL*4               :: LONRES, LATRES\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: HALFPOLAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER   :: CENTER180 = 1\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=20)    :: MODELNAME\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: CATEGORY\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: UNIT     \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=40)    :: RESERVED = ''\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=80)    :: TITLE \n" .
        "      CHARACTER*10         :: SUFFIX1\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*1          :: SUFFIX2(4)\n" .
        "      INTEGER              :: T,MULT,IT,LT\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE (SUFFIX1,'(I8)')YYYYMMDD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      T = HHMMSS/100\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO IT = 1, 4\n" .
        "         LT = T-(T/10)*10\n" .
        "         WRITE (SUFFIX2(4-IT+1),'(I1)')LT\n" .
        "         T = T/10\n" .
        "      END DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE = TRIM('opt/')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM('DIFFOPTZ_CHK.')//TRIM(SUFFIX1)//TRIM('.')\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(1))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(2))//TRIM(SUFFIX2(3))\n" .
        "     &     //TRIM(SUFFIX2(4))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define variables for BINARY PUNCH FILE OUTPUT\n" .
        "      TITLE    = 'GEOS-CHEM CHECKPOINT File: ' // \n" .
        "     &           'Instantaneous Tracer Concentrations (v/v)'\n" .
        "      UNIT     = 'v/v'\n" .
        "      CATEGORY = 'IJ-AVG-\$'\n" .
        "      LONRES   = DISIZE\n" .
        "      LATRES   = DJSIZE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_MODELNAME to return the proper model name for\n" .
        "      ! the given met data being used (bmy, 6/22/00)\n" .
        "      MODELNAME = GET_MODELNAME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call GET_HALFPOLAR to return the proper value\n" .
        "      ! for either GCAP or GEOS grids (bmy, 6/28/05)\n" .
        "      HALFPOLAR = GET_HALFPOLAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the nested-grid offsets\n" .
        "      I0 = GET_XOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "      J0 = GET_YOFFSET( GLOBAL=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Open the restart file for output -- binary punch format\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Copy the output restart file name into a local variable\n" .
        "      FILENAME = TRIM( OUTPUT_CHECKPOINT_FILE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Replace YYYY, MM, DD, HH tokens in FILENAME w/ actual values\n" .
        "      CALL EXPAND_DATE( FILENAME, YYYYMMDD, HHMMSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) TRIM( FILENAME )\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: Writing ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open restart file for output\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_BPCH2_FOR_WRITE( IU_RST, FILENAME, TITLE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Write each tracer to the restart file\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, N_TRACERS\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Store GEOS-CHEM tracers in the TRACER array\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L )\n" .
        "         DO L = 1, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "            TRACER(I,J,L) = STT(I,J,L,N) !* TCVV(N) / AD(I,J,L)\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         CALL BPCH2( IU_RST,    MODELNAME, LONRES,    LATRES,    \n" .
        "     &               HALFPOLAR, CENTER180, CATEGORY,  N,\n" .
        "     &               UNIT,      TAU,       TAU,       RESERVED,   \n" .
        "     &               IIPAR,     JJPAR,     LLPAR,     I0+1,            \n" .
        "     &               J0+1,      1,         TRACER )\n" .
        "      ENDDO  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close file\n" .
        "      CLOSE( IU_RST )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !### Debug\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG('### MAKE_CHECKPOINT_FILE: wrote file')\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MAKE_DIFFOPTZ_CHKFILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of module\n" .
	"      END MODULE CHECKPOINT_MOD\n";

    close(FILE);
}


#=============================================
# Create gasconc_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createGasconcAdj()
{
    printf "Creating gasconc_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">gasconc_adj.f") || die "Unable to open gasconc_adj.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: gasconc.f,v 1.13 2006/10/17 17:51:11 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE GASCONC_ADJ( FIRSTCHEM, NTRACER, STT, XNUMOL, FRCLND )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine GASCONC initializes gas concentrations for SMVGEAR II.\n" .
        "!  (M. Jacobson 1997; bdf, bmy, 4/18/03, 10/16/06)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now reference ABSHUM, AIRDENS, CSPEC, IXSAVE, IYSAVE, IZSAVE,  \n" .
        "!        PRESS3, T3 from \"comode_mod.f\".  Also now references tracer ID flags\n" .
        "!        from \"tracerid_mod.f\".  Also removed code that is not needed for\n" .
        "!        GEOS-CHEM.  Now also force double precision with \"D\" exponents.\n" .
        "!        (bdf, bmy, 4/18/03)\n" .
        "!  (2 ) Remove IRUN -- it's obsolete.  Remove obsolete variables from\n" .
        "!        documentation. (bmy, 7/16/03)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Now dimension args XNUMOL, STT w/ NTRACER and not NNPAR (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Now remove LPAUSE from the arg list.  Now references ITS_IN_THE_TROP\n" .
        "!        from \"tropopause_mod.f\". (bmy, 8/22/05)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY.  Also remove \n" .
        "!        reference to TRACERID_MOD, it's not needed. (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Now zero out the isoprene oxidation counter species (dkh, bmy, 6/1/06)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now take care of variable tropopause case.  Also set NCS=NCSURBAN\n" .
        "!        (=1) instead of hardwiring it. (bdf, phs, 10/16/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,     ONLY : ABSHUM, AIRDENS, CSPEC,  IXSAVE\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,     ONLY : IYSAVE, IZSAVE,  PRESS3, T3\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,     ONLY : CSPEC_FULL\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD, ONLY : ITS_IN_THE_TROP, COPY_FULL_TROP\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD, ONLY : SAVE_FULL_TROP\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,    ONLY : LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,        ONLY : T\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,   ONLY : GET_PCENTER\n" .
        "      !***************KPP_INTERFACE****************\n" .
        "      USE CHECKPOINT_MOD   \n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "      !********************************************\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"       ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"       ! SMVGEAR II arrays\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, INTENT(IN)     :: FIRSTCHEM\n" .
        "      INTEGER, INTENT(IN)     :: NTRACER\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(INOUT)  :: STT(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,NTRACER)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)     :: XNUMOL(NTRACER)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN)     :: FRCLND(IIPAR,JJPAR)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C ************       WRITTEN BY MARK JACOBSON (1991-4)     ************\n" .
        "C ***            (C) COPYRIGHT, 1991-4 BY MARK Z. JACOBSON          *** \n" .
        "C ***                          (650) 723-6836                       *** \n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C    GGGGGG      A       SSSSSS   CCCCCC   OOOOO   N     N   CCCCCC  \n" .
        "C   G           A A     S        C        O     O  N N   N  C  \n" .
        "C   G  GGGG    A   A    SSSSSSS  C        O     O  N  N  N  C   \n" .
        "C   G     G   AAAAAAA         S  C        O     O  N   N N  C    \n" .
        "C    GGGGGG  A       A  SSSSSS    CCCCCC   OOOOO   N     N   CCCCCC    \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C ******       INITIALIZE GAS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE MODEL        ******\n" .
        "C ***********       AND SET MISCELLANEOUS PARAMETERS         ********** \n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C * SET THE CONCENTRATION  (# CM-3) OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE GASES      *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C NTLOOP    = NUMBER OF GRID-CELLS IN THE ENTIRE GRID-DOMAIN\n" .
        "C NTSPECGAS = NUMBER OF ACTIVE PLUS INACTIVE GASES\n" .
        "C NVERT     = NUMBER OF VERTICAL LAYERS.  \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C QBKGAS    = INITIAL BACKGROUND CONCENTRATION (VOL MIXING RATIO) \n" .
        "C RHO3      = G-AIR CM-3-AIR\n" .
        "C C(GAS)    = GAS CONCENTRATION IN A GIVEN GRID-CELL (# CM-3)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: IX, IY, IZ, N, NK, JJ\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: JGAS,JLOOP,NGASMIX,JALTS,K,J,NM,L,JN,MLOOP,I\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: IPCOMPAR,JRUN,JNEW,JOLD,NGCOUNT,IAVG,KN,SUM,SUM1\n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: PMBCEN,PBELOW,PABOVE,ALNPRES,PS,ALNCONC,AVMIX,S1CON\n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: S2CON,GRCONC1,GRCONC2,GRCONC3,SUMRMS,SUMFRACS,QNEW\n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: QACC,FRACDIF,FRACABS,AVGERR,RMSCUR\n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: TK,CONSEXP,VPRESH2O,CONST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER                  :: NYMD, NHMS\n" .
        "      REAL*8                   :: TAU\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GASCONC begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Prior to 10/16/06:\n" .
        "      !NCS = 1\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Set NCS=NCSURBAN here since we have defined our tropospheric\n" .
        "      ! chemistry mechanism in the urban slot of SMVGEAR II\n" .
        "      NCS = NCSURBAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! First time through here, copy initial conditions from QBKCHEM\n" .
        "      ! to CSPEC() for each grid box.  QBKCHEM stores the default\n" .
        "      ! background concentrations for species in the file \"chem.dat\".\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( FIRSTCHEM ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over species\n" .
        "         DO 28 JGAS = 1, NTSPEC(NCS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! For methanol (MOH), now use different initial background\n" .
        "            ! concentrations for different regions of the atmosphere:\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            ! (a) 2.0 ppbv MOH -- continental boundary layer\n" .
        "            ! (b) 0.9 ppbv MOH -- marine boundary layer\n" .
        "            ! (c) 0.6 ppbv MOH -- free troposphere\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            ! The concentrations listed above are from Heikes et al,\n" .
        "            ! \"Atmospheric methanol budget and ocean implication\",\n" .
        "            ! _Global Biogeochem. Cycles_, submitted, 2002.  These\n" .
        "            ! represent the best estimates for the methanol conc.'s\n" .
        "            ! in the troposphere based on various measurements.\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            ! MOH is an inactive chemical species in GEOS-CHEM, so\n" .
        "            ! these initial concentrations will never change.  However,\n" .
        "            ! MOH acts as a sink for OH, and therefore will affect both\n" .
        "            ! the OH concentration and the methylchloroform lifetime.\n" .
        "            !\n" .
        "            ! We specify the MOH concentration as ppbv, but then we\n" .
        "            ! need to multiply by PRESS3(JLOOP) / ( T3(JLOOP) * BK )\n" .
        "            ! in order to convert to [molec/cm3].  (bdf, bmy, 2/22/02)\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( NAMEGAS(JGAS) == 'MOH' ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Loop over all potential tropospheric boxes\n" .
        "               !-------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               ! Prior to 10/3/06:\n" .
        "               ! Make DO-loops go in the right order\n" .
        "               !DO IX = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "               !DO IY = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "               !DO IZ = 1, LLTROP\n" .
        "               !-------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "               DO IZ = 1, LLTROP\n" .
        "               DO IY = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "               DO IX = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Conversion factor\n" .
        "                  CONST = GET_PCENTER(IX,IY,IZ)*1000D0/(T(IX,IY,IZ)*BK)\n" .
        "                \n" .
        "!======= prior 09/12 ==========================\n" .
        "!               DO JLOOP = 1, NTLOOP\n" .
        "!                  ! Convert 1-D grid box index to 3-D indices\n" .
        "!                  IX = IXSAVE(JLOOP)\n" .
        "!                  IY = IYSAVE(JLOOP)\n" .
        "!                  IZ = IZSAVE(JLOOP)\n" .
        "!=================== ==========================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  !------------------------------\n" .
        "                  ! Test for altitude\n" .
        "                  ! IZ < 9 is always in the trop.\n" .
        "                  !------------------------------\n" .
        "                  IF ( IZ <= 9 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     !---------------------------\n" .
        "                     ! Test for ocean/land boxes\n" .
        "                     !---------------------------\n" .
        "                     IF ( FRCLND(IX,IY) >= 0.5 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                         ! Continental boundary layer: 2 ppbv MOH\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = 2.000d-9 * CONST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        !======= prior 09/12 ==========================\n" .
        "!     &                  2.000d-9 * PRESS3(JLOOP) / ( T3(JLOOP) * BK )\n" .
        "                        !=============================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        ! Make sure MOH conc. is not negative (SMAL2 = 1d-99)\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = \n" .
        "     &                       MAX(CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS),SMAL2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        ! Marine boundary layer: 0.9 ppbv MOH\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = 0.900d-9 * CONST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        !======= prior 09/12 ==========================\n" .
        "!     &                  0.900d-9 * PRESS3(JLOOP) / ( T3(JLOOP) * BK )\n" .
        "                        !==============================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        ! Make sure MOH conc. is not negative (SMAL2 = 1d-99)\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = \n" .
        "     &                       MAX(CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS),SMAL2)\n" .
        "                     ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     !---------------------------\n" .
        "                     ! Test for troposphere\n" .
        "                     !---------------------------\n" .
        "                     IF ( ITS_IN_THE_TROP( IX, IY, IZ ) ) THEN\n" .
        "                      \n" .
        "                        ! Free troposphere: 0.6 ppbv MOH\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = 0.600d-9 * CONST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        ! Make sure MOH conc. is not negative (SMAL2 = 1d-99)\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = \n" .
        "     &                       MAX(CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS),SMAL2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                        ! Stratosphere: set MOH conc. to SMAL2 = 1d-99\n" .
        "                        CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = SMAL2\n" .
        "                     ENDIF\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! Set default initial conc. for species other than\n" .
        "               ! Methanol (MOH) in mixing ratios units\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !DO 26 JLOOP = 1, NTLOOP\n" .
        "               !---------------------------------------\n" .
        "               ! Prior to 10/3/06:\n" .
        "               ! Make DO-loops go in the right order\n" .
        "               !DO IX = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "               !DO IY = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "               !DO IZ = 1, LLTROP\n" .
        "               !----------------------------------------\n" .
        "               DO IZ = 1, LLTROP         \n" .
        "               DO IY = 1, JJPAR\n" .
        "               DO IX = 1, IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Conversion factor\n" .
        "                  CONST = GET_PCENTER(IX,IY,IZ)*1000D0/(T(IX,IY,IZ)*BK)\n" .
        "                \n" .
        "                  ! Copy default background conc. from \"globchem.dat\" to CSPEC\n" .
        "                  CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = QBKCHEM(JGAS,NCS)* CONST\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Make sure concentration is not negative (SMAL2 = 1d-99)\n" .
        "                  CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = \n" .
        "     &                 MAX(CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS),SMAL2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! For emission species, don't do unit conversion\n" .
        "                  IF (NAMEGAS(JGAS).EQ.'EMISSION') THEN\n" .
        "                     CSPEC_FULL(IX,IY,IZ,JGAS) = QBKCHEM(JGAS,NCS)\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        " 28      CONTINUE\n" .
        "      ENDIF        !(FIRSTCHEM)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! If it's the first chemistry timestep then we need to copy the\n" .
        "      ! concentrations from CSPEC_FULL into CSPEC.  We also need to do\n" .
        "      ! this on subsequent chemistry timesteps if the variable tropopause\n" .
        "      ! is turned on. (bdf, phs, bmy, 10/3/06)\n" .
        "      IF ( LVARTROP .or. FIRSTCHEM ) CALL COPY_FULL_TROP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C  ********************************************************************\n" .
        "C  *            Update starting concentrations for plumes             *\n" .
        "C  ********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      NHMS   = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NYMD   = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      TAU    = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      IF(.not.FIRSTCHEM)CALL READ_CHEMISTRY_CHKFILE_CSP1(NYMD, NHMS)\n" .
        "      CALL READ_PART_CHKFILE( NYMD, NHMS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      CALL PARTITION( NTRACER, STT, XNUMOL ) \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *              zero out dry deposition counter species              *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! Prior to 10/16/06:\n" .
        "      ! Now set NCS = NCSURBAN (=1) (dbm, bmy, 10/16/06)\n" .
        "      !! NCS should equal 1 for drydep, only happens in first layer.\n" .
        "      !NCS = 1\n" .
        "      !-------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Set NCS=NCSURBAN here since we have defined our tropospheric\n" .
        "      ! chemistry mechanism in the urban slot of SMVGEAR II\n" .
        "      NCS = NCSURBAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO 130 N = 1,NDRYDEP(NCS)\n" .
        "         NK = NTDEP(N)\n" .
        "         IF (NK.EQ.0) GOTO 130\n" .
        "         JJ = IRM(NPRODLO+1,NK,NCS)\n" .
        "         !write(6,*) 'value of drydep reactions in cspec= ',jj\n" .
        "         IF (JJ.LE.0) GOTO 130\n" .
        "         DO 135 JLOOP = 1,NTTLOOP\n" .
        "            CSPEC(JLOOP,JJ) = 0.0D0\n" .
        " 135     CONTINUE\n" .
        " 130  CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *           INITIALIZE H2O (# CM-3) IF H2O IS INACTIVE              *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C VPRESH2O = SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE OVER H2O (# CM-3)\n" .
        "C ABSHUM   = ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY (molec cm^-3) [input] (ABSHUM)\n" .
        "C ABSHUM   = RELATIVE HUMIDITY (FRACTION)    [output]\n" .
        "C TK       = TEMPERATURE (K)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      IF (IH2O.GT.NGAS) THEN\n" .
        "         DO 33 JLOOP    = 1, NTTLOOP\n" .
        "            TK            = T3(JLOOP)\n" .
        "            CONSEXP       = 17.2693882D0 * (TK - 273.16D0) /\n" .
        "     1           (TK - 35.86D0)\n" .
        "            VPRESH2O      = CONSVAP * EXP(CONSEXP) / TK \n" .
        "            CSPEC(JLOOP,IH2O) = ABSHUM(JLOOP)\n" .
        "C     then calculate R.H.\n" .
        "            ABSHUM(JLOOP) = CSPEC(JLOOP,IH2O) / VPRESH2O \n" .
        "!            write(297,*) 'in initgas',jloop,abshum(jloop)\n" .
        " 33      CONTINUE\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *           INITIALIZE O2 (# CM-3) IF O2 IS INACTIVE                *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C AIRDENS = AIR DENSITY (G CM-3)\n" .
        "C OXYCONS = (# G-1) CONVERSION OF O2 FROM G CM-3 TO # CM-3\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      IF (IOXYGEN.GT.NGAS) THEN\n" .
        "         OXYCONS           = 0.2095d0\n" .
        "         DO 260 JLOOP      = 1, NTLOOP\n" .
        " 260        CSPEC(JLOOP,IOXYGEN) = AIRDENS(JLOOP) * OXYCONS\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        " 999  format(E10.3)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *           ZERO OUT ISOPRENE OXIDATION COUNTER SPECIES\n" .
        "C *                     (dkh, bmy, 6/1/06)  \n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C LISOPOH  = Dummy variable for tracking loss of isoprene due to rxn w/ OH\n" .
        "C ILISOPOH = Location of LISOPOH in CSPEC \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      IF ( ILISOPOH > 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO JLOOP = 1, NTLOOP\n" .
        "            CSPEC(JLOOP,ILISOPOH) = 0d0\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDIF \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *             SUM UP INITIAL GAS MASSES OVER ENTIRE GRID            *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C GQSUMINI(JGAS)  = INITIAL # MOLECULES, OVER THE ENTIRE GRID\n" .
        "C QSUMINIT        = SUM OF ALL ME OR IM # OVER GRID\n" .
        "C                    SUM OF ALL MEVF OR IMVF CM3 OVER GRID\n" .
        "C GRIDVH          = VOLUME OF A GRID-CELL (CM**3)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!       DO 800 JGAS      = 1, NTSPECGAS\n" .
        "!        GQSUMINI(JGAS)  = 0. \n" .
        "!        DO 800 JLOOP    = 1, NTLOOP\n" .
        "!         GQSUMINI(JGAS)=GQSUMINI(JGAS)+CSPEC(JLOOP,JGAS)*GRIDVH(JLOOP) \n" .
        "! 800   CONTINUE\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C *                    IDENTIFY GASES FOR PRINTING                    *\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      NUMPRG            = 0 \n" .
        "      DO 290 JGAS       = 1, NTSPECGAS\n" .
        "       JST              = NAMEGAS(JGAS)\n" .
        "       IF (APGASA.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (APGASB.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2  \n" .
        "       IF (APGASC.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (APGASD.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (APGASE.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (APGASF.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2  \n" .
        "       IF (APGASG.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (APGASH.EQ.JST) IFPRGAS(JGAS) = 2 \n" .
        "       IF (IFPRGAS(JGAS).GE.1) THEN\n" .
        "        NUMPRG                          = NUMPRG + 1\n" .
        "        LGNUM(NUMPRG)                   = JGAS \n" .
        "       ENDIF\n" .
        " 290  CONTINUE\n" .
        "C\n" .
        " 370  FORMAT(25X,0PF6.4/) \n" .
        " 380  FORMAT(A14,1X,1PE10.4,I5,I7)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C ****          PRINT OUT INITIAL CONCENTRATION INFORMATION        ****\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      NCS         =  1\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      IF (ITESTGEAR.EQ.2) THEN\n" .
        "       WRITE(KCPD,810) 0.,0.,(NAMENCS(INEWOLD(I,NCS),NCS),\n" .
        "     1        CSPEC(LLOOP,INEWOLD(I,NCS)), I = 1, ISCHANG(NCS))\n" .
        "       WRITE(KCPD,820)\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "C\n" .
        " 810  FORMAT('CONC (# CM-3) AT TIME=',1PE10.2,' SECONDS. ',  \n" .
        "     l       'STEP=',E10.2,' . RUN =',I3/3(A13,'=',E11.4,1X))\n" .
        " 820  FORMAT('END')\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C ********** READ DATA FOR TESTING RESULTS FROM CHEMISTRY *************\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C CSPEC(), GEARCONC ARE # CM-3 FOR GASES\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      IF (ITESTGEAR.EQ.1) THEN\n" .
        "       IPCOMPAR    = 0  \n" .
        "       JRUN        = 0 \n" .
        "       WRITE(6,*)\n" .
        "       WRITE(6,*)'GEAR-CODE CONCENTRATIONS TO TEST'\n" .
        "       READ(KCPD,450) HEADING\n" .
        " 470   READ(KCPD,460) RINP(1), GRCONC1, RINP(2), GRCONC2, \n" .
        "     1              RINP(3), GRCONC3  \n" .
        "       IF (RINP(1).NE.'END') THEN\n" .
        "        DO 480 JNEW = 1, ISCHANG(NCS)\n" .
        "         JOLD       = INEWOLD(JNEW,NCS)\n" .
        "         JST        = NAMENCS(JOLD,NCS)\n" .
        "         IF (JST.EQ.RINP(1)) GEARCONC(JNEW,JRUN,NCS) = GRCONC1\n" .
        "         IF (JST.EQ.RINP(2)) GEARCONC(JNEW,JRUN,NCS) = GRCONC2\n" .
        "         IF (JST.EQ.RINP(3)) GEARCONC(JNEW,JRUN,NCS) = GRCONC3\n" .
        " 480    CONTINUE\n" .
        "        GOTO 470 \n" .
        "       ELSE\n" .
        "        IF (IPCOMPAR.EQ.1) THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,450) HEADING\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,460)(NAMENCS(INEWOLD(JNEW,NCS),NCS),\n" .
        "     1                GEARCONC(JNEW,JRUN,NCS), JNEW = 1, ISCHANG(NCS)) \n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C COMPARE INITIAL CONDITIONS OF GEAR DATA TO chem.dat DATA\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "        IF (JRUN.EQ.0) THEN\n" .
        "         IF (IPCOMPAR.EQ.1) WRITE(6,475)\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "         SUMRMS      = 0.d0\n" .
        "         SUMFRACS    = 0.d0\n" .
        "         NGCOUNT     = 0\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "         DO 485 JNEW = 1, ISCHANG(NCS)\n" .
        "          JOLD       = INEWOLD(JNEW,NCS)\n" .
        "          QNEW       = QBKCHEM(JOLD,NCS) \n" .
        "          QACC       = GEARCONC(JNEW,0,NCS) \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "          IF (QACC.EQ.0.AND.QNEW.NE.0.) THEN\n" .
        "           WRITE(6,465) NAMEGAS(JOLD) \n" .
        "           STOP \n" .
        "          ENDIF \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "          IF (QNEW.GT.1.0d-20) THEN\n" .
        "           FRACDIF   = (QNEW - QACC)/QACC\n" .
        "           FRACABS   = ABS(FRACDIF)\n" .
        "           SUMFRACS  = SUMFRACS + FRACABS \n" .
        "           SUMRMS    = SUMRMS   + FRACABS * FRACABS\n" .
        "           NGCOUNT   = NGCOUNT + 1\n" .
        "           IAVG      = 1\n" .
        "          ELSE\n" .
        "           FRACDIF   = 0.d0\n" .
        "           IAVG      = 0\n" .
        "          ENDIF\n" .
        "          IF (IPCOMPAR.EQ.1) \n" .
        "     1    WRITE(6,495) NAMENCS(JOLD,NCS),QACC,QNEW,\n" .
        "     2                 FRACDIF*100, IAVG\n" .
        " 485     CONTINUE\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "         AVGERR      = 100.d0 * SUMFRACS     / NGCOUNT  \n" .
        "         RMSCUR      = 100.d0 * SQRT(SUMRMS  / NGCOUNT)\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,505) JRUN, AVGERR, NGCOUNT  \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "C       ENDIF JRUN.EQ.0\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "        JRUN        = JRUN + 1\n" .
        "        IF (GRCONC1.EQ.0.) THEN \n" .
        "         READ(KCPD,450) HEADING\n" .
        "         GOTO 470 \n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "        IF (JRUN.GT.MXHOLD) THEN\n" .
        "         WRITE(6,*)'JSPARSE: JRUN > MXHOLD'\n" .
        "         STOP\n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "       ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "C\n" .
        " 475  FORMAT(4X,'SPECIES',5X,'GEARCONC     chem.dat    % ERROR IFAVG')\n" .
        " 495  FORMAT(A14,2(1X,1PE11.4),2X,0PF8.2,'%',3X,I1)\n" .
        " 505  FORMAT(I3,37X,F8.2,'%   AVERAGE OF ',I5,' SPECIES')\n" .
        " 450  FORMAT(A76) \n" .
        " 460  FORMAT(3(A13,1X,1PE11.4,1X))\n" .
        " 465  FORMAT('GASCONC: AN INITIAL CONCENTRATION FROM compare.dat '/\n" .
        "     1       'DOES NOT MATCH THAT FROM globchem.dat. CHECK WHETHER '/\n" .
        "     2       'THE CONDITIONS FOR THIS RUN (ITESTGEAR = 1) ARE THE '/\n" .
        "     3       'SAME FOR THE CONDITIONS FOR THE RUN WITH ITESTGEAR=2. '/\n" .
        "     4       'OTHERWISE, TURN ITESTGEAR = 0 OR 2. ',A14)   \n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C ********************* END OF SUBROUTINE GASCONC *********************\n" .
        "C *********************************************************************\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "      RETURN\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE GASCONC_ADJ\n";

    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create linoz.com
#=============================================
sub createLinozCom()
{
    printf "Creating linoz.com\n";
    open(FILE, ">linoz.com") || die "Unable to open linoz.com";
    print FILE "C \$Id: linoz.com,v 2.23 2000/05/24 23:09:33 pjc Exp \$\n" .
        "C \$Log: linoz.com,v \$\n" .
        "C Revision 2.23  2000/05/24 23:09:33  pjc\n" .
        "C Changed criteria for using Linoz: now must have [Ox]>150ppb AND Level>=9.\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "C Revision 2.10  2000/03/23 20:39:04  pjc\n" .
        "C Initial version created out of McLinden's original files.\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C common block for linoz. Created by Philip Cameron-Smith, 00/1/14.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER   nfields_linoz,nlevels_linoz,nlat_linoz,nmonths_linoz\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(nfields_linoz=7)  ! Number of linoz fields.\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(nlevels_linoz=25) ! Number of levels in linoz fields.\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(nlat_linoz=18)    ! Number of latitudes in linoz fields.\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(nmonths_linoz=12) !Number of months in linoz fields.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 TPARM(nlevels_linoz,nlat_linoz,nmonths_linoz,nfields_linoz)\n" .
        "      REAL*8 TLSTT(JJPAR,LLPAR,nfields_linoz)\n" .
        "      COMMON/linoz_fields/TPARM,TLSTT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 linoz_min_alt      !Minimum altitude covered by linoz data.\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(linoz_min_alt=10) ! units=[km]\n" .
        "      INTEGER linoz_min_lev     ! Minimum GCM level linoz can cover.\n" .
        "      COMMON/linoz_levels/linoz_min_lev\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C*PJC* Need to define the minimum Level at which Linoz can be used.\n" .
        "C      NB: Linoz data goes down to ~277mbar, so any part of a layer below \n" .
        "C          this has effectively no Linoz chemistry.\n" .
        "      INTEGER Linoz_min_L\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(Linoz_min_L=9)\n" .
        "C*PJC* Define ozone tropopause, below which Linoz not used.\n" .
        "      REAL*8  Linoz_min_Ox\n" .
        "      PARAMETER(Linoz_min_Ox=150E-9) ! VMR, so 150E-9 = 150 ppb.\n";

    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create linoz_mod.f
#=============================================
sub createLinozMod()
{
    printf "Creating linoz_mod.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">linoz_mod.f") || die "Unable to open linoz_mod.f";
    print FILE "      MODULE LINOZ_MOD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "C Revision 2.10  2000/03/23 20:41:45  pjc\n" .
        "C Initial version adapted heavily from McLinden's original file.\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c---(pchem.f)-------generic CTM shell from UCIrvine (p-code 4.0b, 5/99)\n" .
        "c-------- PCHEM is basic trop/strat chemistry package\n" .
        "c-------- subroutines:  CHEM2, CHEM3, STRATL, STRT2M, SOMLFQ\n" .
        "c                            CHEMSTRAT, TPAUSE, TROPFLUX\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         Modified to work with GISS II' GCM and Harvard chemistry by \n" .
        "c             Philip Cameron-Smith, 00/1/14\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c----------------------------------------------------------------------- \n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine do_linoz   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      ! Chem time step in seconds for linoz   (dbj,bdf 6/24/03)\n" .
        "      REAL*8  :: NSCHEM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE      :: LASTMONTH = -99\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! if new month, get new parameters????kk\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_MONTH() /= LASTMONTH ) THEN\n" .
        "          CALL LINOZ_STRATL\n" .
        "          LASTMONTH =  GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      NSCHEM = GET_TS_CHEM()*60D0 ! Linoz needs time step in seconds\n" .
        "      CALL LINOZ_CHEM3(NSCHEM)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end subroutine do_linoz    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_CHEM3 (DTCHEM)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c   CHEM3 applies linearized chemistry based on tables from\n" .
        "c    PRATMO model using climatological T, O3, time of year\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "C  Calling parameters:\n" .
        "C     DTCHEM     Chemistry time step in [seconds]\n" .
        "C\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD                        !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD                             !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,     ONLY : GET_AREA_CM2   !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_h.f'  ! UCI include file\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_t.f'  ! UCI include file\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_w.f'  ! UCI include file\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_d.f'  ! UCI include file  \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "#     include \"linoz.com\"\n" .
        "!#     include \"comtrid.h\"     (dbj, 06/24/03)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      include 'tracers.com'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      real*8 climo3,climpml,dco3,dero3,dertmp,derco3,dmass,pmltot,dtmp\n" .
        "      real*8 sso3,vol\n" .
        "      real*8 do3,dnoy,pi,pmlc,pml0(iipar,jjpar,llpar),pmltmr,xlat\n" .
        "      real*8 pml0zm(jjpar,llpar),dmon(12),vmix,xmlat\n" .
        "      real*8 dcolo3(iipar,jjpar,llpar),colo3(iipar,jjpar,llpar),scalmom\n" .
        "!      real*8 sttold(ntrace)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 DTCHEM,O3BOX,TBOX\n" .
        "!      integer JBOX,LBOX\n" .
        "!      parameter (pi=3.1415926)\n" .
        "      integer I,J,L,N,k,m\n" .
        "      INTEGER NTRACER\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Now declare IMX, JM as local variables\n" .
        "      ! since they have removed them from the common block (dbj 6/24/03)\n" .
        "      INTEGER IMX, JM, LM\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      real*8 out_data(iipar,jjpar,llpar)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "!      IF (.NOT. LSTRAT) GOTO 99  ! Now in physproc. {PJC}\n" .
        "c      goto 99\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c  stratospheric chem occurs in top NSTRTC layers of 21/23 layer CTM\n" .
        "c  TLSTT(J,LR,N) is stored LR from top (=LM) down (=LM+1-NCSTRT)!Obsolete {PJC}\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "!      LSMIN   = LM+1 - NSTRTC   ! looping controlled elsewhere {PJC}\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Assign values for local IMX and JM   (dbj 6/24/03) \n" .
        "      IMX     = IIPAR\n" .
        "      JM     = JJPAR\n" .
        "      LM     = LLPAR   ! dbj\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c Stratospheric Chemistry Tables for O3:\n" .
        "c ======================================\n" .
        "c   7 tables, each a function of month (12), latitude \n" .
        "c   (18, -85 to 85 in 10 deg. increments) and altitude \n" .
        "c   (25, z*=10-58 km in 2 km increments).\n" .
        "c  1- ozone (Logan climatology), v/v\n" .
        "c  2- Temperature climatology, K\n" .
        "c  3- Column ozone climatology, Logan ozone integrated above box, DU\n" .
        "c  4- ozone (P-L) for climatological ozone, v/v/s\n" .
        "c  5- d(P-L) / dO3, 1/s\n" .
        "c  6- d(P-L) / dT, v/v/s/K      \n" .
        "c  7- d(P-L) / d(column O3), v/v/s/DU\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c zero storage arrays\n" .
        "!      do n=1,ntrace\n" .
        "!         sttold(n)=0.d0\n" .
        "!      enddo\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!*****************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Select the proper tracer number to store O3 into, depending on\n" .
        "!  whether this is a full chemistry run or a single tracer Ox run\n" .
        "!*****************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "          NTRACER = IDTOX\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_TAGOX_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            NTRACER = 1\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "            ! All other simulations don't use O3...print error message\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'This simulation does not use O3!!'\n" .
        "            WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in linoz_chem3.f!'\n" .
        "            STOP\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !SELECT CASE ( NSRCX )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Full chemistry\n" .
        "         !CASE ( 3 )\n" .
        "         !  NTRACER = IDTOX\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Single tracer Ox\n" .
        "         !CASE ( 6 )\n" .
        "         !   NTRACER = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! All other simulations don't use O3...print error message\n" .
        "         !CASE DEFAULT\n" .
        "         !   WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'This simulation does not use O3!!'\n" .
        "         !   WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'STOP in linoz_chem3.f!'\n" .
        "         !   STOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !END SELECT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*) '-----------------------------------------------------'\n" .
        "      write(6,*) ' doing linoz stratospheric chemistry'\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*) '-----------------------------------------------------'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c start at top layer and continue to lowest layer for strat. chem\n" .
        "      out_data = 0d0\n" .
        "      DO 33 L = LM,MINVAL(LPAUSE),-1        \n" .
        "         DO 34 J = 1,JM\n" .
        "            DO 31 I=1,IMX\n" .
        "               IF (L .LT. LPAUSE(I,J)) GOTO 31\n" .
        "               if (STT(I,J,L,NTRACER) .LE. 0.D0) GOTO 31\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!c calculate ozone column above box (and save)\n" .
        "!c   dcolo3 = ozone column (in DU) in given layer\n" .
        "!c   colo3 =  ozone column above layer + half of\n" .
        "!c       column in layer\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! bdf stt is in v/v, make conversion to DU\n" .
        "               if (l.eq.lm) then !top model layer\n" .
        "                  dcolo3(i,j,l) = (stt(i,j,l,NTRACER)*AD(I,J,L)/\n" .
        "     &                 TCVV(NTRACER))/ GET_AREA_CM2(J) *\n" .
        "! DXYP replaced\n" .
        "!    &                 TCVV(NTRACER))/ DXYP(J) * 1d-4 *\n" .
        "!    &                 6.022d23/(TCMASS(NTRACER)*1d-3)/ 2.687d16\n" .
        "!                      dbj: TCMASS = 28.97/TCVV\n" .
        "     &                 6.022d23/(28.97/TCVV(NTRACER)*1d-3)/ 2.687d16\n" .
        "                  colo3(i,j,l) = dcolo3(i,j,l)*0.5\n" .
        "               else\n" .
        "                  dcolo3(i,j,l) = (stt(i,j,l,NTRACER)*AD(I,J,L)/\n" .
        "     &                 TCVV(NTRACER))/ GET_AREA_CM2(J) *\n" .
        "!    &                 TCVV(NTRACER))/ DXYP(J) * 1d-4 *\n" .
        "!    &                 6.022d23/(TCMASS(NTRACER)*1d-3)/ 2.687d16\n" .
        "     &                 6.022d23/(28.97/TCVV(NTRACER)*1d-3)/ 2.687d16\n" .
        "                  colo3(i,j,l) = colo3(i,j,l+1) +\n" .
        "     &                 (dcolo3(i,j,l)+dcolo3(i,j,l+1))*0.5\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               out_data(i,j,l) = colo3(i,j,l)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ****** O3 Chemistry  ******\n" .
        "c            n=1\n" .
        "c store tracer mass before chemistry\n" .
        "!            sttold=stt(i,j,l,1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ++++++ climatological P-L:   ++++++          \n" .
        "               climpml=tlstt(j,l,4) ! Climatological P-L = (P-L)^o\n" .
        "c ++++++ local ozone feedback: ++++++ \n" .
        "               dero3=tlstt(j,l,5) ! Derivative w.r.t. O3. dero3=-1/(time constant)\n" .
        "               IF (dero3.EQ.0) goto 31 !skip Linoz if lifetime is infinite.\n" .
        "               climo3=tlstt(j,l,1) ! Climatological O3 = f^o\n" .
        "               derco3=tlstt(j,l,7) ! Derivative w.r.t. Column O3\n" .
        "               dco3=(colo3(i,j,l)-tlstt(j,l,3)) ! deviation from o3 climatology.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ++++++ temperature feedback: ++++++ \n" .
        "               dertmp=tlstt(j,l,6) ! Derivative w.r.t. Temperature\n" .
        "               dtmp=(T(I,J,L)-tlstt(j,l,2)) !Deviation in Temperature from climatology.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ++++++ calculate steady-state ozone: ++++++ \n" .
        "               sso3=climo3 - (climpml+dtmp*dertmp+dco3*derco3)/dero3 !ssO3 = f^*\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ++++++ change in ozone mass due to chemistry: ++++++\n" .
        "               dmass=(sso3-STT(I,J,L,NTRACER))*(1.0-exp(dero3*dtchem))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c ++++++ update ozone mass ++++++ \n" .
        "\n" .
        "! for the GEOS_STRAT model, the top layer goes to .1mbar, well above the \n" .
        "!  stratopause (1mbar). linoz is not valid above the stratopuase.\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_STRAT )\n" .
        "               IF (L .EQ. LM) DMASS = 0D0\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "               IF (L .GT. LM-5) DMASS = 0D0\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! bdf control test\n" .
        "!               if (dmass .gt. stt(i,j,l,ntracer)/4. .or. \n" .
        "!     &              dmass .lt. -stt(i,j,l,ntracer)/4.) then\n" .
        "                  ! report result\n" .
        "!                  write(666,*) 'tau= ',tau,'dmass to high or low'\n" .
        "!                  write(666,*) i,j,l,'dmass= ',dmass*1d9,\n" .
        "!     &                 'stt= ',stt(i,j,l,ntracer)*1d9\n" .
        "!                  dmass=0d0\n" .
        "!               endif\n" .
        "               STT(I,J,L,NTRACER) = STT(I,J,L,NTRACER) + dmass\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!               endif\n" .
        " 31         continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 34      continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 33   continue\n" .
        "! write our calculated column o3 maximum\n" .
        "      write(6,*) 'max of columns= ',maxval(out_data)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      STOP 'LINOZ DEBUGGING'\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 99   return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end SUBROUTINE LINOZ_CHEM3\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_STRATL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c-------- monthly fixup of chemistry PARAM'S -- NO SPLINES FOR 21-LAYER)\n" .
        "c-------- stratospheric chem occurs in top NSTRTC layers ---------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,       ONLY : GET_YMID             !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,       ONLY : GET_MONTH            !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD                   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_h.f'  ! UCI include file\n" .
        "c      include 'cmn_t.f'  ! UCI include file\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "#     include \"linoz.com\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer J,K,L,N,JLATMD(jjpar),JXXX,LR,JJ,i,im1,im2 !,je\n" .
        "!         integer jdofm(nmonths_linoz+1),jdmc(nmonths_linoz)\n" .
        "!      parameter (je=18) !number of latitudes in look-up table\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Now declare IMX, JM as local variables\n" .
        "      ! since we have removed them from the common block (dbj 6/24/03)\n" .
        "      INTEGER IMX, JM, MONTH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      real*8 STRTX(nlevels_linoz),YSTRT(nlat_linoz)\n" .
        "      real*8 P0L(llpar+1)\n" .
        "      real*8 STRT0L(llpar+1),STRT1L(llpar+1),STRT2L(llpar+1)\n" .
        "!      real*8, PARAMETER :: PSF=984D0\n" .
        "      real*8, PARAMETER :: PSF=1010D0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !Define Month names locally      (dbj 6/25/03)\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=3)    :: CMONTH(12) = (/'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr',\n" .
        "     &                                      'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug',\n" .
        "     &                                      'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec'/)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!     &     STRTXY1(nlevels_linoz,JJPAR), STRTXY2(nlevels_linoz,JJPAR)\n" .
        "!     &     wm1,wm2,TPAR2(nlevels_linoz,nlat_linoz)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      data JDOFM/0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365/\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "!      IF (.NOT. LSTRAT)  GOTO 99 ! Now handled in calling routine {PJC}\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Assign values for local IMX and JM   (dbj 6/24/03)\n" .
        "      IMX     = IIPAR\n" .
        "      JM     = JJPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! added call to GET_MONTH (dbj 6/25/03) \n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'#####################################################'\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'#    Interpolating Linoz fields for ',\n" .
        "     &                CMONTH( GET_MONTH() ),\n" .
        "     &                                                 '             #'\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'#####################################################'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! ***** Linear interpolation between months is not currently used {PJC} *****\n" .
        "!c get weights for month interpolation\n" .
        "!      do i=1,nmonths_linoz\n" .
        "!        jdmc(i) = jdofm(i+1) - (jdofm(i+1)-jdofm(i))/2\n" .
        "!      enddo\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!      im1=0\n" .
        "!      do i=1,nmonths_linoz\n" .
        "!        if (jdmc(i).lt.jday) then\n" .
        "!          im1=i\n" .
        "!        endif\n" .
        "!      enddo\n" .
        "!      if (im1.eq.0) then\n" .
        "!        im1=nmonths_linoz\n" .
        "!        im2=1\n" .
        "!        wm1=(jdmc(im2)-jday)*1.0/(jdmc(im2)-(jdmc(im1)-365.0))\n" .
        "!      elseif (im1.eq.nmonths_linoz) then\n" .
        "!        im2=1\n" .
        "!        wm1=(jdmc(im2)+365.0-jday)/(jdmc(im2)+365.0-jdmc(im1))\n" .
        "!      else\n" .
        "!        im2=im1+1\n" .
        "!        wm1=(jdmc(im2)-jday)*1.0/(jdmc(im2)-jdmc(im1))\n" .
        "!      endif\n" .
        "!      wm2=1.0-wm1\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!c      write(6,*)iday,jday,' weights: ',wm1,wm2\n" .
        "!c      write(6,*)'months: ',im1,im2,month\n" .
        "!c      write(6,*)'between: ',jdmc(im1),jdmc(im2)\n" .
        "! ***************************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c latitude interpolation   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      YSTRT(1) = -85.d0   !Latitudes = -85, -75, -65, .... +75, +85.\n" .
        "      do J = 2,NLAT_LINOZ\n" .
        "        YSTRT(J) = YSTRT(J-1) + 10.d0\n" .
        "      enddo\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO J = 1,JJPAR\n" .
        "!         WRITE(6,*)'J =',J,',  LATITUDE =',ylmid(j)   ! debugging {PJC}\n" .
        "        ! added call to GET_YMID (dbj 6/25/03) \n" .
        "        JXXX     = int(0.1d0 * GET_YMID(J) +10.d0) !YLMID=latitude of box middle\n" .
        "!        JXXX      = int(0.1d0 *YDGRD(J) +10.d0)\n" .
        "        JLATMD(J) = MIN(18,MAX(1,JXXX)) !index of nearest Linoz data column\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO L = 1,LLPAR+1\n" .
        "!        P0L(L)   = ZEDG(LLPAR+2-L) ! order in increasing pressure {PJC}\n" .
        "         !P0L(L)   = SIGE(LLPAR+2-L)*(PSF-PTOP)+PTOP !order in increasing pressure {PJC}\n" .
        "         ! added call to GET_BP (dbj 6/25/03) \n" .
        "         !P0L(L)   = GET_BP(LLPAR+2-L)*(PSF-PTOP)+PTOP !order in increasing pressure {PJC}\n" .
        "         P0L(L) = GET_AP(LLPAR+2-L) + (GET_BP(LLPAR+2-L)*PSF)  ! dbj\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'***** LINOZ_STRATL EDGE PRESSURES *****'\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'PSF,PTOP =',psf,ptop\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'SIGE =',SIGE\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'P0L =',P0L\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-------- TPARM(25,18,12,N) defined for --------------------------------\n" .
        "c            25 layers from 58 km to 10 km by 2 km intervals\n" .
        "c            18 LATS (85S, 75S, ...85N) \n" .
        "c            12 months\n" .
        "c            N tables = NTBLS\n" .
        "c-------- skip interpolating, pick nearest latitude --------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      DO N = 1,nfields_linoz\n" .
        "\n" .
        "! ***** Interpolation between latitudes is not currently used {PJC} *****\n" .
        "!c----- interpolating along latitude, from TPAR2 to STRTXY\n" .
        "!        do K = 1,nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "!          do J = 1,nlat_linoz\n" .
        "!c            TPAR2(K,J) = TPARM(K,J,MONTH,N)\n" .
        "!            TPAR2(K,J) = TPARM(K,J,im1,N)\n" .
        "!          enddo\n" .
        "!        enddo\n" .
        "!        call LINOZ_INTPL(nlevels_linoz,NLAT_LINOZ,JPAR,JM,YSTRT,YDGRD,\n" .
        "!     &       TPAR2,STRTXY1)\n" .
        "!        do K = 1,nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "!          do J = 1,nlat_linoz\n" .
        "!            TPAR2(K,J) = TPARM(K,J,im2,N)\n" .
        "!          enddo\n" .
        "!        enddo\n" .
        "!        call LINOZ_INTPL(nlevels_linoz,NLAT_LINOZ,JPAR,JM,YSTRT,YDGRD,\n" .
        "!     &       TPAR2,STRTXY2)\n" .
        "! ***********************************************************************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !month = GET_MONTH()          ! (dbj 6/25/03)\n" .
        "         DO J = 1,JM\n" .
        "            JJ         = JLATMD(J)\n" .
        "            DO K = 1,nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "c linearly interpolate in latitude and month\n" .
        "c            STRTX(K) = STRTXY1(K,J)*wm1 + STRTXY2(K,J)*wm2\n" .
        "c linearly interpolate in latitude, single month\n" .
        "c            STRTX(K) = STRTXY2(K,J)\n" .
        "c nearest latitude, linearly interpolate in month\n" .
        "c            STRTX(K) = TPARM(K,JJ,im1,N)*wm1 + TPARM(K,JJ,im2,N)*wm2\n" .
        "c nearest latitude, single month\n" .
        "               STRTX(K) = TPARM(K,JJ,GET_MONTH(),N)\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c*PJC* Interpolate and calculate moments of column distribution \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'---- Before LINOZ_STRT2M ----'\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRTX =',STRTX\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'nlevels_linoz =',nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT0L =',STRT0L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT1L =',STRT1L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT2L =',STRT2L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'P0L =',P0L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'LLPAR =',LLPAR\n" .
        "            CALL LINOZ_STRT2M(STRTX,nlevels_linoz,STRT0L,STRT1L,STRT2L,\n" .
        "     &           P0L,LLPAR)\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'---- After LINOZ_STRT2M ----'\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRTX =',STRTX\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'nlevels_linoz =',nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT0L =',STRT0L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT1L =',STRT1L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'STRT2L =',STRT2L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'P0L =',P0L\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'LLPAR =',LLPAR\n" .
        "!            WRITE(6,*)'----------------------------'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------store loss freq/yields & moments in TLSTT/SWT/SWW \n" .
        "c-------             for exact CTM layers LM down\n" .
        "!        DO LR = 1,NSTRTC\n" .
        "        DO LR = 1,LLPAR  ! order reversed from C.McLinden version {PJC}\n" .
        "! NSTRTC = number of stratospheric chem layers. {PJC}\n" .
        "          TLSTT(J,LR,N) = STRT0L(LLPAR+1-LR)\n" .
        "!          TLSWT(J,LR,N) = STRT1L(LR)  ! Moment not used {PJC}\n" .
        "!          TLSWW(J,LR,N) = STRT2L(LR)  ! Moment not used {PJC}\n" .
        "          if (n .eq. 1) then\n" .
        "             write(776,*) tlstt(j,lr,N)\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "!        WRITE(776,*)'J,LR,N =',J,LR,N,', TLSTT(J,LR,N)=',TLSTT(J,LR,N)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        ENDDO\n" .
        "       ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!      STOP 'LINOZ_STRATL debugging'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c\n" .
        " \n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'#######################################################'\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'#     Finished Interpolating Linoz fields for ',\n" .
        "!     &     JMONTH(1:3),'     #'\n" .
        "!      WRITE(6,*)'#######################################################'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   99 RETURN\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE LINOZ_STRATL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_STRT2M (STRTX,NX,STRT0L,STRT1L,STRT2L,P0L,NSTRT)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"linoz.com\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer  NX,NSTRT,ncbox,nl,l,k\n" .
        "!      parameter (ncbox=25)  ! Now use nlevels_linoz for all routines. {PJC}\n" .
        "      parameter (NL=nlevels_linoz+5)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      real*8 P0L(llpar+1)\n" .
        "      real*8 STRT0L(llpar+1),STRT1L(llpar+1),STRT2L(llpar+1)\n" .
        "      real*8 STRTX(nlevels_linoz)\n" .
        "      real*8 P1,P2,F0,F1,F2,PS(NL+1),F(NL)\n" .
        "      real*8 XPSD,XPSLM1,XPSL\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c         set up std z* atmosphere: p = 1000 * 10**(-z*/16 km)\n" .
        "c         assume that stratospheric chemical parameters always start at\n" .
        "cc         52 km (N=27) scan downward from 52 km to 14 km (NX=20) by 2 km\n" .
        "c         58 km (N=30) scan downward from 58 km to 10 km (NX=25) by 2 km      \n" .
        "c         intervals, constant >58km\n" .
        "c-------- N.B. F(\@30km) assumed to be constant from 29-31 km (by mass) \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "C======== Comments from Chris McLinden by Email ={PJC}==================\n" .
        "C     CALL SOMLFQ(P1,P2,F0,F1,F2,PS,F,NL)\n" .
        "C   - P1,P2 are the pressure EDGES for the CTM layer onto which the\n" .
        "C     coefficients will be mapped. [P1>P2 I believe {PJC}]\n" .
        "C   - F0,F1,F2 are the CTM layer vertical moments determined in SOMLFQ\n" .
        "C   - PS are the pressure layer edges of the original [ie Linox] grid\n" .
        "C   - F is the column of coefficients (on the original grid); note\n" .
        "C     F is flipped relative to STRTX and since the coefficients begin\n" .
        "C     at z*=10, F(1)=F(2)=...=F(5)=0\n" .
        "C   - NL is 30; size of F()\n" .
        "C      \n" .
        "C     The box model calculations were performed at z*=10km, 12km, ... and\n" .
        "C     so these would represent the centres with the corresponding edges at\n" .
        "C     9,11km ; 11,13km; ...\n" .
        "C     PS() represents the edges (although PS(1) is set to 1000mb).\n" .
        "C     The first few values are:\n" .
        "C     PS(1)=1000\n" .
        "C     PS(2)=874.947105    (note PS(2) is not quite 1000 exp(-1/16) as the\n" .
        "C     PS(3)=656.117767     the average pressure is used - not the pressure\n" .
        "C     PS(4)=492.018914     at the average z*)\n" .
        "C     PS(5)=368.96213\n" .
        "C     PS(6)=276.68257\n" .
        "C     PS(7)=207.48266\n" .
        "C     ...\n" .
        "C     PS(30)=0.276682568\n" .
        "C     PS(31)=0.0\n" .
        "C     \n" .
        "C     F(1) spans PS(1)-PS(2)\n" .
        "C     F(2) spans PS(2)-PS(3)\n" .
        "C     ...\n" .
        "C     F(30) spans PS(30)-PS(31)\n" .
        "C=======================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      XPSD       = 10.D0 **(-0.125D0)\n" .
        "      XPSLM1     = 1000.D0\n" .
        "      PS(1)      = 1000.D0\n" .
        "      DO L = 2,NL\n" .
        "        XPSL     = XPSLM1 *XPSD\n" .
        "        PS(L)    = 0.5D0 *(XPSLM1 +XPSL)\n" .
        "        XPSLM1   = XPSL\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      PS(NL+1)   = 0.D0\n" .
        "      DO L = 1,NL-NX\n" .
        "        F(L)     = 0.D0\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "c-------- K=1 is at the top of atmosphere ------------------------------\n" .
        "      DO K = 1,NX\n" .
        "        F(NL+1-K)= STRTX(K) !STRTX has increasing preasure. {PJC}\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      DO K = 1,NSTRT\n" .
        "        P1       = P0L(K+1)\n" .
        "        P2       = P0L(K)\n" .
        "        CALL LINOZ_SOMLFQ(P1,P2,F0,F1,F2,PS,F,NL)\n" .
        "        STRT0L(K)= F0\n" .
        "        write(778,*) 'value after regrid',k,strt0l(k)\n" .
        "        STRT1L(K)= F1\n" .
        "        STRT2L(K)= F2\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      RETURN\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE LINOZ_STRT2M\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_SOMLFQ(P1,P2,F0,F1,F2,PS,F,NL)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c------ calculate loss freq moments from a set of loss freq's at std z*\n" .
        "c--------  given a CTM model interval pressure range: P1 > P2 (decreasing up)\n" .
        "c--------  the pressure levels BETWEEN z* values are:\n" .
        "c                         PS(i) > PS(i+1) bounds z*(i)\n" .
        "c-------- NL:  z* levels, ==> PS(NL+1) = 0  (extrapolate chemical loss to top)\n" .
        "c         Z1 = 16.D0*LOG10(1000.D0/P1)\n" .
        "c         Z2 = 16.D0*LOG10(1000.D0/P2)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------- The MOMENTS for a square-wave or 'bar': F(x)=f0  b<=x<=c, =0.0 else\n" .
        "c-----     S0 =   f0 (x)                      [from x=b to x=c]\n" .
        "c-----     S1 = 3 f0 (x^2 - x)                [from x=b to x=c]\n" .
        "c-----     S2 = 5 f0 (2x^3 - 3x^2 + x)        [from x=b to x=c]\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "      integer  NL\n" .
        "      real*8   P1,P2,F0,F1,F2,PS(NL+1),F(NL),sgnf0\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      integer  I\n" .
        "      real*8   XB,XC,PC,PB,THIRD\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      F0     = 0.D0\n" .
        "      F1     = 0.D0\n" .
        "      F2     = 0.D0\n" .
        "      DO I = 1,NL\n" .
        "        PC   = MIN(P1,PS(I))\n" .
        "        PB   = MAX(P2,PS(I+1))\n" .
        "        IF (PC .GT. PB)  THEN\n" .
        "C-------- have condition:  P1>=PC > PB>=P2, 0<=XB < XC<=1 --------------\n" .
        "          XC = (PC-P2)/(P1-P2)\n" .
        "          XB = (PB-P2)/(P1-P2)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------- assume that the loss freq, F, is constant over interval [XB,XC],\n" .
        "c--------   F0: (c-b),   F1: 6((c2-c)-(b2-b)),  F2: 5((2c3-3c2+c)-(2b3-3b2+b))\n" .
        "c-------- calculate its contribution to the moments in the interval [0,1]\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "          F0 = F0 +F(I) *(XC -XB)\n" .
        "          F1 = F1 +F(I) *3.D0 *((XC *XC -XC) - (XB *XB -XB))\n" .
        "          F2 = F2 +F(I) *5.D0 *\n" .
        "     &         ((XC+XC-1.D0)*(XC*XC -XC) - (XB+XB-1.D0)*(XB*XB -XB))\n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------- RESTRAIN moments: force monotonicity & positive at min end pt\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c -=-=- cam: tables can be + or -\n" .
        "      if (f0.ne.0.0) then\n" .
        "        sgnf0=f0 / abs(f0)\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "        sgnf0=1.0\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      f0=abs(f0)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c      F0 = MAX(F0, 0.D0)\n" .
        "      THIRD = 1.D0/3.D0\n" .
        "      IF (F2 .GT. 0.D0)  THEN\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------- do not allow reversal of curvature: F2 > 0 -------------------\n" .
        "        F2   = MIN(F2, ABS(F1)*THIRD, 5.D-1*F0)\n" .
        "        IF (F1 .LT .0.D0)  THEN\n" .
        "          F1 = MAX(-(F0+F2), F1)\n" .
        "         ELSE\n" .
        "          F1 = MIN(+(F0+F2), F1)\n" .
        "        ENDIF\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c-------- F2 < 0 = curved down at ends, allow if F1 < F0 ---------------\n" .
        "        F1  = MIN(F0,MAX(-F0,F1))\n" .
        "        F2  = MAX(F2,(ABS(F1)-F0),(-ABS(F1)*THIRD))\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c -=-=- cam: apply sign\n" .
        "      f0=sgnf0 * f0\n" .
        "      f1=sgnf0 * f1\n" .
        "      f2=sgnf0 * f2\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      RETURN\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE LINOZ_SOMLFQ\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_READ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"linoz.com\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER K,J,M,NTBLS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      REAL*8 TMAX,TMIN\n" .
        "      CHARACTER*80 Heading,TITL1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-------- new std z*=2km levels from model:  z*=10,12,...(25*2)+8 km\n" .
        "      open(8,ERR=101,\n" .
        "     &     file='/home/kumaresh/GEOS/data/G4x5'//\n" .
        "     &     'linoz_coeff.dat',\n" .
        "     &     form='FORMATTED',STATUS='OLD')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'\$\$ Reading in Linoz Data \$\$'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      read (8,901) Heading\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)Heading\n" .
        "      do NTBLS = 1,nfields_linoz\n" .
        "         TMIN = +1.d30\n" .
        "         TMAX = -1.d30\n" .
        "         read (8,901) TITL1\n" .
        "!         WRITE(6,*) TITL1\n" .
        "         do M = 1,nmonths_linoz !Month\n" .
        "            do J = 1,nlat_linoz !Latitudes\n" .
        "               read (8,907)  (TPARM(K,J,M,NTBLS),K=nlevels_linoz,1,-1)\n" .
        "               do K=1,nlevels_linoz\n" .
        "                  TMAX = max (TMAX, TPARM(K,J,M,ntbls))\n" .
        "                  TMIN = min (TMIN, TPARM(K,J,M,ntbls))\n" .
        "               enddo\n" .
        "            enddo\n" .
        "         enddo\n" .
        "         write (6,912) TITL1,TMIN,TMAX\n" .
        "      enddo\n" .
        "! debug\n" .
        "      do j=1,nlat_linoz\n" .
        "         do m=nlevels_linoz,1,-1\n" .
        "            write(777,*) tparm(m,j,1,1)\n" .
        "         enddo\n" .
        "      enddo\n" .
        "!      stop\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'\$\$ Finished Reading Linoz Data \$\$'\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      GOTO 999\n" .
        "C --- IF error ----      \n" .
        " 101  CONTINUE\n" .
        "      WRITE(6,*)'**** STOP: Error reading Linoz Coefficients {PJC} ****'\n" .
        "      write(6,*)'NTBLS =',ntbls,',  M =',m,',  J =',j,',  K =',k\n" .
        "      write(6,*)'TPARM(K,J,M,NTBLS) =',TPARM(K,J,M,NTBLS)\n" .
        "      STOP\n" .
        "C -----------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 901  FORMAT(A)\n" .
        " 907  FORMAT(20X,6E10.3/(8E10.3))\n" .
        " 912  FORMAT('  Linoz Data:  ',a80,1p,2e10.3)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "\n" .
        " 999  CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE LINOZ_READ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE LINOZ_INTPL(KE,IE,ND,NE,XI,XN,YI,YN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c-----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "      integer  KE,IE,ND,NE\n" .
        "      real*8   XI(IE),XN(ND),YI(KE,IE),YN(KE,ND)\n" .
        "      integer  I,II,J,K\n" .
        "      real*8   CNST1,CNST2\n" .
        "c----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "c k=height; i=lat\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      J       = 2\n" .
        "      do I = 1,NE\n" .
        "        if (XN(I) .gt. XI(1        ))  then\n" .
        "          if (XN(I) .lt. XI(IE))  then\n" .
        "            CNST1     = (XI(J) - XN(I)) / (XI(J) - XI(J-1))\n" .
        "            CNST2     = (XN(I) - XI(J-1)) / (XI(J) - XI(J-1))\n" .
        "            do K = 1,KE\n" .
        "              YN(K,I) = CNST1 * YI(K,J-1) + CNST2 * YI(K,J)\n" .
        "            enddo\n" .
        "            II    = min(I+1,NE)\n" .
        "            if (XN(II) .gt. XI(J))  J = min(IE,J+1)\n" .
        "          else\n" .
        "            do K = 1 ,KE\n" .
        "              YN(K,I) = YI(K,IE)\n" .
        "            enddo\n" .
        "          endif\n" .
        "        else\n" .
        "          do K = 1,KE\n" .
        "            YN(K,I)   = YI(K,1)\n" .
        "          enddo\n" .
        "        endif\n" .
        "c        write(6,*)i,(yn(k,i),k=1,ke)\n" .
        "      enddo\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end SUBROUTINE LINOZ_INTPL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE STRAT_INIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD                        !(dbj 06/24/03)\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN\"\n" .
        "#     include \"linoz.com\"\n" .
        "!#     include \"comtrid.h\"\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER I, J, L\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      CALL LINOZ_STRATL\n" .
        "      DO I=1,IIPAR\n" .
        "         DO J=1,JJPAR\n" .
        "            DO L=MINVAL(LPAUSE),LLPAR\n" .
        "               IF (L .LT. LPAUSE(I,J)) CYCLE\n" .
        "               STT(I,J,L,IDTOX) = TLSTT(J,L,1) / TCVV(IDTOX)\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!      call write_fields2(7)\n" .
        "!      call flush(12)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE STRAT_INIT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of module\n" .
	"      END MODULE LINOZ_MOD\n";

    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create schem_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createSchemAdj()
{
    printf "Creating schem_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">schem_adj.f") || die "Unable to open schem_adj.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: schem.f,v 1.9 2005/11/03 17:50:35 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE SCHEM_ADJ\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine SCHEM performs simplified stratospheric chemistry, which means\n" .
        "!  only reactions with OH and photolysis are considered. The production and\n" .
        "!  loss of CO and NOy in the stratosphere are taken from Dylan Jones' 2-D \n" .
        "!  model. (qli, bmy, 11/20/1999, 10/25/05) \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!  (1 ) Now read all inputs (stratospheric OH, monthly mean J-values,  \n" .
        "!        P(CO) rates, and L(CO) rates) from binary punch file format. \n" .
        "!        (bmy, 12/10/99) \n" .
        "!  (2 ) Uses READ_BPCH2 to read from binary file format (bmy, 12/10/99)\n" .
        "!  (3 ) Make sure the DO-loops go in the order N-L-J-I to avoid disk\n" .
        "!        swapping problems (bmy, 12/10/99)\n" .
        "!  (4 ) Remove reactions for HNO3 photolysis and HNO3 + OH.  The HNO3\n" .
        "!        concentrations that we read in from disk are from Dylan's 2-D\n" .
        "!        model, where chemistry is already taken into account. \n" .
        "!        (qli, bmy, 12/23/99)\n" .
        "!  (5 ) Remove obsolete code from 12/23/99. (bmy, 4/18/00)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) Bug fixes: Cap RDLOSS so that it does not exceed 1.0.\n" .
        "!        Now declare RDLOSS, T1L, RC, K0, K1, K2, K3, M as REAL*8 \n" .
        "!        Cosmetic changes & update comments (bmy, 5/4/00)\n" .
        "!  (7 ) Reference F90 module \"bpch2_mod\" which contains routine \"read_bpch2\"\n" .
        "!        for reading data from binary punch files (bmy, 6/28/00)\n" .
        "!  (8 ) Now all monthly mean J-values are in the same file (bmy, 6/30/00)\n" .
        "!  (9 ) Now use function GET_TAU0 (from \"bpch2_mod.f\") to return the TAU0 \n" .
        "!        value used to index the binary punch file. (bmy, 7/20/00)\n" .
        "!  (10) Declared arrays for reading data from disk to be both ALLOCATABLE\n" .
        "!        and SAVE.  Also cosmetic changes & some cleanup. (bmy, 9/8/00) \n" .
        "!  (11) Activated parallel DO-loops (bmy, 12/12/00)\n" .
        "!  (12) Now use 3 arguments (M/D/Y) in call to GET_TAU0.  ARRAY needs to be \n" .
        "!        of size (IGLOB,JGLOB).  Use JGLOB,LGLOB in calls to READ_BPCH2.\n" .
        "!        Use TRANSFER_ZONAL (from \"transfer_mod.f\") to cast from REAL*4 to \n" .
        "!        REAL*8 and resize arrays to (JJPAR,LLPAR).  Updated comments, \n" .
        "!        made cosmetic changes. (bmy, 9/27/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) Removed obsolete commented out code from 9/01 (bmy, 10/24/01)\n" .
        "!  (14) Now read COprod and COloss files directly from the\n" .
        "!        DATA_DIR/pco_lco_200203/ subdirectory.  Also read stratOH files\n" .
        "!        directly from the DATA_DIR/stratOH_200203/ subdirectory.  Also \n" .
        "!        read stratjv files directly from the DATA_DIR/stratjv_200203/ \n" .
        "!        subdirectory. (bmy, 4/2/02)\n" .
        "!  (15) Now reference AD and T from \"dao_mod.f\".  Also reference routine\n" .
        "!        ALLOC_ERR from \"error_mod.f\".  Now reference IDTOX, IDTNOX, etc.\n" .
        "!        from \"tracerid_mod.f\". (bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (16) Now use functions GET_TS_CHEM, GET_MONTH and GET_TAU, and \n" .
        "!        TIMESTAMP_STRING from the new \"time_mod.f\".   Also call READ_BPCH2 \n" .
        "!        with QUIET=.TRUE., which prevents info from being printed to the \n" .
        "!        log file. (bmy, 3/14/03)\n" .
        "!  (17) LINUX has a problem putting a function call w/in a WRITE statement.  \n" .
        "!        Now save output from TIMESTAMP_STRING to STAMP and print that.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 9/29/03)\n" .
        "!  (18) Now reference STT and TRACER_MW_KG from \"tracer_mod.f\".  Now reference\n" .
        "!        DATA_DIR from \"directory_mod.f\".  Bug fix: now loop over N_TRACERS\n" .
        "!        and not NNPAR.  NNPAR is the max # of tracers but may not be the\n" .
        "!        actual number of tracers. (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "!  (19) Now references GET_MIN_TPAUSE_LEVEL and ITS_IN_THE_STRAT from\n" .
        "!        \"tropopause_mod.f\".  Now remove reference to CMN, it's obsolete.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 8/22/05)\n" .
        "!  (20) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (21) Now references XNUMOLAIR from \"tracer_mod.f\" (bmy, 10/25/05)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,      ONLY : GET_NAME_EXT,     GET_RES_EXT\n" .
        "      USE BPCH2_MOD,      ONLY : GET_TAU0,         READ_BPCH2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,        ONLY : AD, T\n" .
        "      USE DIRECTORY_MOD,  ONLY : DATA_DIR \n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,      ONLY : ALLOC_ERR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,       ONLY : GET_MONTH,        GET_TAU\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,       ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM,      TIMESTAMP_STRING\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,     ONLY : N_TRACERS,        STT_ADJ\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,     ONLY : TRACER_MW_KG,     XNUMOLAIR\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : IDTACET, IDTALD2, IDTALK4, IDTC2H6\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : IDTC3H8, IDTCH2O, IDTH2O2, IDTHNO4\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : IDTISOP, IDTMACR, IDTMEK,  IDTMP  \n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : IDTMVK,  IDTPMN,  IDTPRPE, IDTR4N2\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : IDTRCHO\n" .
        "      USE TRANSFER_MOD,   ONLY : TRANSFER_ZONAL\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD, ONLY : GET_MIN_TPAUSE_LEVEL, ITS_IN_THE_STRAT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"        ! Size parameters\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE             :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      INTEGER                   :: I, IOS, J, L, N, NN, LMIN\n" .
        "      INTEGER, SAVE             :: MONTHSAVE = 0 \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Number of photolysis species (currently is 13)\n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER        :: NSPHOTO = 13  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Tracers that undergo photolysis loss in the stratosphere\n" .
        "      INTEGER                   :: SPHOTOID(NSPHOTO) = (/ \n" .
        "     &                               3,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, \n" .
        "     &                              14, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24 /)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Character variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16 )        :: STAMP\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255)        :: FILENAME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! REAL*4 arrays -- for reading from binary data files\n" .
        "      REAL*4                    :: ARRAY(1,JGLOB,LGLOB) \n" .
        "      REAL*4, ALLOCATABLE, SAVE :: STRATOH(:,:)\n" .
        "      REAL*4, ALLOCATABLE, SAVE :: SJVALUE(:,:,:) \n" .
        "      REAL*4, ALLOCATABLE, SAVE :: COPROD(:,:)\n" .
        "      REAL*4, ALLOCATABLE, SAVE :: COLOSS(:,:)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! REAL*8 variables\n" .
        "      REAL*8                    :: k0,     k1,     k2,  k3, XTAU\n" .
        "      REAL*8                    :: DTCHEM, RDLOSS, T1L, M,  TK, RC \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! External functions\n" .
        "      REAL*8, EXTERNAL          :: BOXVL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! SCHEM begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Chemistry timestep [s]\n" .
        "      DTCHEM = GET_TS_CHEM() * 60d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      STAMP = TIMESTAMP_STRING()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( '     - SCHEM: Strat chemistry at ', a )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! If it is the first call to SCHEM, allocate arrays for reading \n" .
        "      ! data. These arrays are declared SAVE so they will be preserved \n" .
        "      ! between calls. \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( FIRST ) THEN \n" .
        "         ALLOCATE( STRATOH( JJPAR, LLPAR ), STAT=IOS )\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'STRATOH' )\n" .
        "         STRATOH = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ALLOCATE( SJVALUE( JJPAR, LLPAR, NSPHOTO ), STAT=IOS )\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'SJVALUE' )\n" .
        "         SJVALUE = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ALLOCATE( COPROD( JJPAR, LLPAR ), STAT=IOS )\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'COPROD' )\n" .
        "         COPROD = 0e0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ALLOCATE( COLOSS( JJPAR, LLPAR ), STAT=IOS )\n" .
        "         IF ( IOS /= 0 ) CALL ALLOC_ERR( 'COLOSS' )\n" .
        "         COLOSS = 0e0\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! If it is a new month (or the first call to SCHEM), \n" .
        "      ! do the following:\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! (1) Read archived J-values and store in SJVALUE\n" .
        "      ! (2) Read archived CO production rates and store in COPROD\n" .
        "      ! (3) Read archived CO loss rates and store in COLOSS\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! NOTES\n" .
        "      ! (a) All of the above-mentioned data are stored in binary punch \n" .
        "      !     files, for ease of use.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! (b) STRATOH, SJVALUE, CO_PROD, and CO_LOSS are now declared \n" .
        "      !     as both ALLOCATABLE and SAVE.  If SCHEM is called, then \n" .
        "      !     data will be declared for these arrays, and the values in \n" .
        "      !     these arrays will be preserved between calls.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! (c) If SCHEM is never called (i.e. if you are running another \n" .
        "      !     type of chemistry simulation), then memory never gets \n" .
        "      !     allocated to STRATOH, SJVALUE, CO_PROD, and CO_LOSS.  \n" .
        "      !     This saves on computational resources.       \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_MONTH() /= MONTHSAVE .or. FIRST ) THEN\n" .
        "         MONTHSAVE = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "         ! TAU value at the beginning of this month\n" .
        "         XTAU = GET_TAU0( GET_MONTH(), 1, 1985 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read this month's OH \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // 'stratOH_200203/stratOH.' // \n" .
        "     &              GET_NAME_EXT()   // '.'                       // \n" .
        "     &              GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read data\n" .
        "         CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'CHEM-L=\$', 1,     \n" .
        "     &                    XTAU,      1,         JGLOB,     \n" .
        "     &                    LGLOB,     ARRAY,     QUIET=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Cast from REAL*4 to REAL*8 and resize to (JJPAR,LLPAR)\n" .
        "         CALL TRANSFER_ZONAL( ARRAY(1,:,:), STRATOH )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read in monthly mean archived J-values\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // 'stratjv_200203/stratjv.' //\n" .
        "     &              GET_NAME_EXT()   // '.'                       // \n" .
        "     &              GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO NN = 1, NSPHOTO\n" .
        "            N = SPHOTOID(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read data\n" .
        "            CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'JV-MAP-\$', N,     \n" .
        "     &                       XTAU,      1,         JGLOB,     \n" .
        "     &                       LGLOB,     ARRAY,     QUIET=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Cast from REAL*4 to REAL*8 and resize to (JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "            CALL TRANSFER_ZONAL( ARRAY(1,:,:), SJVALUE(:,:,NN) )\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read in CO production rates\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // 'pco_lco_200203/COprod.' //\n" .
        "     &              GET_NAME_EXT()   // '.'                      // \n" .
        "     &              GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read data\n" .
        "         CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'PORL-L=\$', 9,     \n" .
        "     &                    XTAU,      1,         JGLOB,     \n" .
        "     &                    LGLOB,     ARRAY,     QUIET=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Cast from REAL*4 to REAL*8 and resize to (JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "         CALL TRANSFER_ZONAL( ARRAY(1,:,:), COPROD )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! Read in CO loss rates\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         FILENAME = TRIM( DATA_DIR ) // 'pco_lco_200203/COloss.' //\n" .
        "     &              GET_NAME_EXT()   // '.'                      // \n" .
        "     &              GET_RES_EXT()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Read data\n" .
        "         CALL READ_BPCH2( FILENAME, 'PORL-L=\$', 10,    \n" .
        "     &                    XTAU,      1,         JGLOB,     \n" .
        "     &                    LGLOB,     ARRAY,     QUIET=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Cast from REAL*4 to REAL*8 and resize to (JJPAR,LLPAR) \n" .
        "         CALL TRANSFER_ZONAL( ARRAY(1,:,:), COLOSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Do photolysis for selected tracers with this \n" .
        "      ! month's archived J-values\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the minimum level extent of the ann mean tropopause\n" .
        "      LMIN = GET_MIN_TPAUSE_LEVEL()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, NN )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO NN = 1, NSPHOTO\n" .
        "         N = SPHOTOID(NN)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO L = LMIN, LLPAR\n" .
        "         DO J = 1,    JJPAR\n" .
        "         DO I = 1,    IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Only proceed for stratospheric boxes\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_IN_THE_STRAT( I, J, L ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute photolysis loss \n" .
        "               STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) * \n" .
        "     &                        EXP( -SJVALUE(J,L,NN) * DTCHEM )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !print*, 'In schem, done with photolysis'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CO is special -- \n" .
        "      ! use archived P, L rates for CO chemistry in stratosphere\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL CO_STRAT_PL( COPROD, COLOSS )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Reaction with OH -- compute rate constants for each tracer\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !print*, 'In schem, before reaction with OH'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( I, J, L, N, M, TK, RC, k0, k1, RDLOSS, T1L )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "      DO N = 1,    N_TRACERS\n" .
        "      DO L = LMIN, LLPAR\n" .
        "      DO J = 1,    JJPAR\n" .
        "      DO I = 1,    IIPAR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Only proceed for stratospheric boxes\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_IN_THE_STRAT( I, J, L ) ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Density of air at grid box (I,J,L) in molec/cm3\n" .
        "            M = AD(I,J,L) / BOXVL(I,J,L) * XNUMOLAIR\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Temperature at grid box (I,J,L) in K\n" .
        "            TK = T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Select proper reaction rate w/ OH for the given tracer\n" .
        "            ! Some rates are temperature or density dependent\n" .
        "            IF ( N == IDTALK4 ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 8.20D-12 * EXP(  -300.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTISOP ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 2.55D-11 * EXP(   410.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTH2O2 ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 2.90D-12 * EXP(  -160.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTACET ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 1.70D-12 * EXP(  -600.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTMEK  ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 2.92D-13 * EXP(   414.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTALD2 ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 1.40D-12 * EXP( -1860.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTRCHO ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 2.00D-11\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTMVK  ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 4.13D-12 * EXP(   452.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTMACR ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 1.86D-11 * EXP(  -175.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTPMN  ) THEN \n" .
        "               RC = 3.60D-12\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTR4N2 ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 1.30D-12\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTPRPE ) THEN \n" .
        "               k0 = 8.0D-27 * ( 300.D0 / TK )**3.5\n" .
        "               k1 = 3.0D-11\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               RC = k1 * k0 * M / ( k1 + k0*M )\n" .
        "               RC = RC * 0.5 ** (1 / ( 1 + LOG10( k0*M/k1 )**2 ) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTC3H8 ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 8.00D-12 * EXP(  -590.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTCH2O ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 1.00D-12\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTC2H6 ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC =  7.9D-12 * EXP( -1030.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTHNO4 ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 1.30D-12 * EXP(   380.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ELSE IF ( N == IDTMP ) THEN\n" .
        "               RC = 1.14D-12 * EXP(   200.D0 / TK )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               RC = 0d0\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute loss with OH based on the rate constants from above\n" .
        "            ! Cap RDLOSS so that it does not exceed 1.0 (bmy, 5/4/00)\n" .
        "            RDLOSS       = RC * STRATOH(J,L) * DTCHEM\n" .
        "            RDLOSS       = MIN( RDLOSS, 1d0 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! T1L is the absolute amount of STT_ADJ lost to rxn with OH\n" .
        "            ! Subtract T1L from STT_ADJ \n" .
        "            T1L          = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) * RDLOSS\n" .
        "            STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,N) - T1L\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "            ! Oxidation of PRPE as source of ACET with 80% yield\n" .
        "            IF ( N == IDTPRPE ) THEN\n" .
        "               STT_ADJ(I,J,L,IDTACET) = STT_ADJ(I,J,L,IDTACET) +\n" .
        "     &              0.8d0 * T1L * \n" .
        "     &              TRACER_MW_KG(IDTACET) / TRACER_MW_KG(IDTPRPE)\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Set FIRST = .FALSE. -- we have been thru SCHEM at least once now\n" .
        "      FIRST = .FALSE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE SCHEM_ADJ\n";

    close(FILE);
}




#=============================================
# Create setemis_adj.f
#=============================================
sub createSetEmisAdj()
{
    printf "Creating setemis_adj.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">setemis_adj.f") || die "Unable to open setemis_adj.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: setemis.f,v 1.12 2006/10/17 17:51:16 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE SETEMIS_ADJ( EMISRR, EMISRRN )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine SETEMIS places emissions computed from GEOS-Chem\n" .
        "!  subroutines into arrays for SMVGEAR II chemistry. \n" .
        "!  (lwh, jyl, gmg, djj, bdf, bmy, 6/8/98, 9/27/06)\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  SETEMIS converts from units of [molec tracer/box/s] to units of\n" .
        "!  [molec chemical species/cm3/s], and stores in the REMIS array.  For\n" .
        "!  hydrocarbons that are carried through the GEOS-CHEM model as [molec C], \n" .
        "!  these are converted back to [molec hydrocarbon], and then stored in REMIS.  \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  REMIS(JLOOP,N) = emis. rate of species corr. to tracer N in box JLOOP\n" .
        "!                   (reaction number NTEMIS(N))\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) EMISRR   (REAL*8 ) : CO, hydrocarbon emission   [molec tracer/box/s ]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) EMISRRN  (REAL*8 ) : Multi-level NOx emissions  [molec NOx/box/s    ]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Variables taken from F90 Modules:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) BIOFUEL  (REAL*8 ) : Biofuel burning emissions  [molec (C)/cm3/s    ]\n" .
        "!  (2 ) BFTRACE  (INTEGER) : Index array for biofuels   [CTM tracer #       ]\n" .
        "!  (3 ) NBFTRACE (INTEGER) : Number of biofuel species  [unitless           ]\n" .
        "!  (4 ) BURNEMIS (REAL*8 ) : Biomass burning emissions  [molec (C)/cm3/s    ] \n" .
        "!  (5 ) BIOTRCE  (INTEGER) : Index array for bioburn    [CTM tracer #       ] \n" .
        "!  (6 ) NBIOTRCE (INTEGER) : Number of bioburn species  [unitless           ]\n" .
        "!  (7 ) JLOP     (INTEGER) : SMVGEAR grid box index     [unitless           ]\n" .
        "!  (8 ) REMIS    (REAL*8 ) : SMVGEAR emissions array    [molec species/cm3/s]\n" .
        "!  (9 ) VOLUME   (REAL*8 ) : SMVGEAR volume array       [cm3                ]\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  NOTES: \n" .
        "!  (1 ) Original code from Harvard Tropospheric Chemistry Module for 3-D \n" .
        "!        applications by Larry Horowitz, Jinyou Liang, Gerry Gardner, \n" .
        "!        Prof. Daniel Jacob of Harvard University (Release V2.0)  \n" .
        "!  (2 ) New version 3.0 by Bob Yantosca to place NOx emissions into boxes  \n" .
        "!        above the surface. (bmy, 6/8/98)     \n" .
        "!  (3 ) Also now do chemistry up to the location of the annual mean         \n" .
        "!         tropopause (bmy, 12/9/99)                                         \n" .
        "!  (4 ) BURNEMIS is now dynamically allocatable and is contained in F90       \n" .
        "!        module \"biomass_mod.f\".  BIOTRCE and NBIOTRCE are also contained\n" .
        "!        in \"biomass_mod.f\".  (bmy, 9/12/00)                     \n" .
        "!  (5 ) BIOFUEL is now dynamically allocatable and is contained in F90\n" .
        "!        module \"biofuel_mod.f\".  BFTRACE and NBFTRACE are also contained\n" .
        "!        in \"biofuel_mod.f\" (bmy, 9/12/00, 4/17/01)\n" .
        "!  (6 ) BURNEMIS and BIOFUEL are now treated as true global arrays,  \n" .
        "!        and need to be referenced by the global offset variables          \n" .
        "!        IREF = I + I0 and JREF = J + J0 (bmy, 9/12/00)                    \n" .
        "!  (7 ) Now reference JLOP, REMIS, VOLUME from F90 module \"comode_mod.f\",  \n" .
        "!        in order to save memory (bmy, 10/19/00)                           \n" .
        "!  (8 ) Now add in up to NBFTRACE biofuel species (bmy, 4/17/01) \n" .
        "!  (9 ) Add new subroutine header, updated comments, cosmetic changes.\n" .
        "!        (bmy, 4/17/01)  \n" .
        "!  (10) Updated comments -- GEMISNOX is [molec/cm3/s]. (bdf, bmy, 6/7/01)     \n" .
        "!  (11) For GEOS-3, we now distributes surface emissions throughout the \n" .
        "!        boundary layer.  This is necessary since the first couple of GEOS-3 \n" .
        "!        surface layers are very thin.  Piling up of emissions into a small \n" .
        "!        layer will cause SMVGEAR to choke.  (bdf, bmy, 6/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (12) Also now reference BFTRACE and NBFTRACE from \"biofuel_mod.f\", \n" .
        "!        and reference AD12 from \"diag_mod.f\". (bdf, bmy, 6/15/01)\n" .
        "!  (13) For GEOS-1, GEOS-STRAT, emit into the surface layer, as we did\n" .
        "!        in prior versions. (bmy, 6/26/01)\n" .
        "!  (14) Bug fix: corrected a typo for the biofuel emissions (bmy, 7/10/01)\n" .
        "!  (15) Bug fix: make sure BIOMASS and BIOFUEL, and SOIL NOx emissions have \n" .
        "!        units of [molec/box/s] before distributing thru the boundary layer.  \n" .
        "!        This involves multiplication by VOLUME(JLOOP1) and division by\n" .
        "!        VOLUME(JLOOP). (bmy, 7/16/01)\n" .
        "!  (16) XTRA2(IREF,JREF,5) is now XTRA2(I,J).  BIOFUEL(:,IREF,JREF) is now\n" .
        "!        BIOFUEL(:,I,J). BURNEMIS(:,IREF,JREF) is now BURNEMIS(:,I,J).\n" .
        "!        Replace PW(I,J) with P(I,J). (bmy, 9/28/01)\n" .
        "!  (17) Removed obsolete code from 9/01 (bmy, 10/24/01)\n" .
        "!  (18) Now references GET_PEDGE from \"pressure_mod.f\", to compute P at \n" .
        "!        the bottom edge of grid box (I,J,L).  (dsa, bdf, bmy, 8/21/02)\n" .
        "!  (19) Now reference IDTNOX, IDENOX, etc from \"tracerid_mod.f\" (bmy, 11/6/02)\n" .
        "!  (20) Remove references to IREF, JREF (bmy, 2/11/03)\n" .
        "!  (21) NEMIS is now NEMIS(NCS) for SMVGEAR II (gcc, bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "!  (22) Added parallel loop over N.  Also directly substituted JLOP(I,J,1) \n" .
        "!        for all instances of JLOOP1.  Updated comments. (hamid, bmy, 3/19/04)\n" .
        "!  (23) Bug fix for COMPAQ compiler...do not use EXIT from w/in parallel loop.\n" .
        "!        (auvray, bmy, 11/29/04)\n" .
        "!  (24) Now replace XTRA2 with GET_PBL_TOP_L in \"pbl_mix_mod.f\".  Now remove\n" .
        "!        reference to CMN, it's obsolete.  Now references GET_TPAUSE_LEVEL\n" .
        "!        from \"tropopause_mod.f\" (bmy, 8/22/05)\n" .
        "!  (25) Now make sure all USE statements are USE, ONLY (bmy, 10/3/05)\n" .
        "!  (26) Now updated for new \"biomass_mod.f\" (bmy, 4/5/06)\n" .
        "!  (27) Now account for the different definition of tropopause in case \n" .
        "!        of variable tropopause.   The BIOMASS array from \"biomass_mod.f\" is \n" .
        "!        now in units of [molec CO/cm2/s].  Adjust unit conversion accordingly.\n" .
        "!        Also replace NBIOMAX with NBIOMAX_GAS, since aerosol biomass is\n" .
        "!        handled elsewhere.  (bdf, phs, bmy, 9/27/06)\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE BIOFUEL_MOD,    ONLY : BIOFUEL,     BFTRACE, NBFTRACE\n" .
        "      !----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      ! Prior to 9/27/06:\n" .
        "      ! Now reference NBIOMAX_GAS instead of NBIOMAX, so that we only loop\n" .
        "      ! over the gas-phase species.  Aerosol biomass is handled elsewhere.\n" .
        "      ! (bmy, 9/27/06)\n" .
        "      !USE BIOMASS_MOD,    ONLY : BIOMASS,     BIOTRCE, NBIOMAX\n" .
        "      !----------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "      USE BIOMASS_MOD,    ONLY : BIOMASS,     BIOTRCE, NBIOMAX_GAS\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,     ONLY : JLOP,        REMIS,   VOLUME\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,     ONLY : IYSAVE, EMIS_RATE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,       ONLY : AD12\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,       ONLY : GET_AREA_CM2\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,    ONLY : LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,    ONLY : GET_PBL_TOP_L\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,   ONLY : GET_PEDGE\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD,   ONLY : CTRMB,       IDEMIS,  IDENOX\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD, ONLY : GET_TPAUSE_LEVEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"  ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_NOX\"   ! GEMISNOX, GEMISNOX2\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"  ! Diagnostic flags\n" .
        "#     include \"comode.h\"  ! IDEMS, NEMIS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN) :: EMISRR(IIPAR,JJPAR,2:NEMPARA+NEMPARB)\n" .
        "      REAL*8,  INTENT(IN) :: EMISRRN(IIPAR,JJPAR,NOXEXTENT)  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: I, J,  JLOOP, JLOOP1, LTROP\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: L, LL, N, NN,  NBB, NBF, TOP\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: COEF1,   TOTPRES, DELTPRES\n" .
        "      REAL*8              :: EMIS_BL, NOXTOT,  TOTAL, A_CM2\n" .
        "      INTEGER             :: IT_NUM\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE       :: FIRSTIME = .TRUE.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! SETEMIS begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      EMIS_RATE = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(20,file='ITER')\n" .
        "      read(20,*)IT_NUM\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!\$OMP PARALLEL DO \n" .
        "!\$OMP+DEFAULT( SHARED )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( N,     NN,  NBB,     NBF,    I,        J,     L, JLOOP )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+PRIVATE( COEF1, TOP, TOTPRES, NOXTOT, DELTPRES, EMIS_BL,  A_CM2 )\n" .
        "!\$OMP+SCHEDULE( DYNAMIC )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over emission species\n" .
        "      DO N = 1, NEMIS(NCS)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get CTM tracer number NN corresponding to emission species N\n" .
        "         NN = IDEMS(N)\n" .
        "         IF ( NN == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We have to search for the biomass burning species in \n" .
        "         ! BIOTRCE with the same CTM tracer number NN as in IDEMS\n" .
        "         NBB = 0\n" .
        "         IF ( ALLOCATED( BIOMASS ) ) THEN \n" .
        "            !---------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "            ! Prior to 9/27/06:\n" .
        "            ! Use NBIOMAX_GAS=10 instead of NBIOMAX=15 (bmy, 9/27/060\n" .
        "            !DO I = 1, NBIOMAX\n" .
        "            !---------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "            DO I = 1, NBIOMAX_GAS\n" .
        "               IF ( BIOTRCE(I) == NN ) THEN \n" .
        "                  NBB = I\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ )\n" .
        "                  ! COMPAQ has an issue with EXIT from w/in parallel loop\n" .
        "                  ! (auvray, bmy, 11/29/04)\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "                  EXIT\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! We have to search for the biofuel burning species in \n" .
        "         ! BFTRACE with the same CTM tracer number NN as in IDEMS\n" .
        "         NBF = 0\n" .
        "         IF ( ALLOCATED( BIOFUEL ) ) THEN\n" .
        "            DO I = 1, NBFTRACE\n" .
        "               IF ( BFTRACE(I) == NN ) THEN\n" .
        "                  NBF = I\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ )\n" .
        "                  ! COMPAQ has an issue with EXIT from w/in parallel loop\n" .
        "                  ! (auvray, bmy, 11/29/04)\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "                  EXIT\n" .
        "#endif \n" .
        "              ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDDO\n" .
        "         ENDIF            \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Initialize REMIS(*,N) -- the emission rate array\n" .
        "         DO JLOOP = 1, NTTLOOP\n" .
        "            REMIS(JLOOP,N) = 0d0\n" .
        "         ENDDO       \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! COEF1 = molecules of emission species / molecules of tracer\n" .
        "         COEF1 = 1.0 + CTRMB(NN, IDEMIS(NN))         \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Loop over Lat and Long boxes\n" .
        "         DO J = 1, NLAT\n" .
        "         DO I = 1, NLONG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! For GEOS-3: distribute surface emissions throughout the\n" .
        "            ! entire boundary layer.  Define some variables here.\n" .
        "            ! (bdf, 6/15/01)\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Top level of the boundary layer\n" .
        "            ! guard for b.l. being in first level.\n" .
        "            TOP = FLOOR( GET_PBL_TOP_L( I, J ) )\n" .
        "            IF ( TOP == 0 ) TOP = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Pressure thickness of entire boundary layer [hPa]\n" .
        "            TOTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,1) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,TOP+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For NOx only....\n" .
        "            IF ( N == IDENOX ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! Anthropogenic NOx emissions [molec/box/s]\n" .
        "               ! Distribute emissions thru the entire boundary layer\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Sum anthro NOx emissions over all levels [molec NOx/box/s]\n" .
        "               NOXTOT = 0d0\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, NOXEXTENT\n" .
        "                  NOXTOT = NOXTOT + EMISRRN(I,J,L)\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Loop over the boundary layer\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, TOP\n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Thickness of level L [mb]\n" .
        "                     DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Of the total anthro NOx, the fraction DELTPRES/TOTPRES\n" .
        "                     ! goes into level L, since that is the fraction of the\n" .
        "                     ! boundary layer occupied by level L.  Also divide NOx \n" .
        "                     ! by COEF1 to convert from [molec NOx/box/s] to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec NO/box/s], which is really what gets emitted.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL        = ( NOXTOT   / COEF1   ) *\n" .
        "     &                                ( DELTPRES / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Convert anthro NOx emissions from [molec NO/box/s]\n" .
        "                     ! to [molec NO/cm3/s] and store in the REMIS array\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,1) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! Soil Nox emissions [molec/cm3/s] \n" .
        "               ! Distribute emissions thru the entire boundary layer\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, TOP\n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Thickness of level L [mb]\n" .
        "                     DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "                     \n" .
        "                     ! Soil NOx is in [molec/cm3/s], so we need to multiply\n" .
        "                     ! by VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) to convert it to [molec/box/s],\n" .
        "                     ! VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) is the volume in cm3 of the surface\n" .
        "                     ! grid box (I,J,1).  Then we need to divide that by \n" .
        "                     ! COEF1 to convert from [molec NOx/box/s] to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec NO/box/s], which is really what gets emitted.  \n" .
        "                     ! Of the total soil NOx, the fraction DELTPRES/TOTPRES \n" .
        "                     ! goes into level L, since that is the fraction of the \n" .
        "                     ! boundary layer occupied by level L.  Store in EMIS_BL.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL    = ( GEMISNOX2(I,J)                    *\n" .
        "     &                              VOLUME( JLOP(I,J,1) ) / COEF1   ) * \n" .
        "     &                              ( DELTPRES            / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Since EMIS_BL is in [molec NO/box/s], we have to\n" .
        "                     ! divide by VOLUME(JLOOP), which is the volume of the\n" .
        "                     ! grid box (I,J,L) to convert back to [molec/cm3/s].\n" .
        "                     ! Store in the REMIS array for SMVGEAR.\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = REMIS(JLOOP,N) + \n" .
        "     &                                ( EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP) ) \n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,2) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! Aircraft and Lightning NOx [molec/cm3/s]\n" .
        "               ! Distribute emissions in the troposphere\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! bdf - variable tropopause is a tropospheric box\n" .
        "               IF ( LVARTROP ) THEN \n" .
        "                  LTROP = GET_TPAUSE_LEVEL( I, J ) \n" .
        "               ELSE\n" .
        "                  LTROP = GET_TPAUSE_LEVEL( I, J ) - 1\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, LTROP \n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Divide aircraft & lightning NOx by COEF1 to convert\n" .
        "                     ! from [molec NOx/cm3/s] to [molec NO/cm3/s], since\n" .
        "                     ! NO is the actual emission species for NOx.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL        = GEMISNOX(I,J,L) / COEF1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Save aircraft/lightning NOx [molec NO/cm3/s] in REMIS\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = REMIS(JLOOP,N) + EMIS_BL\n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,3) = EMIS_BL\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               ! Anthropogenic tracers other than NOx [molec/box/s]\n" .
        "               ! Distribute emissions thru the entire boundary layer\n" .
        "               !========================================================\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, TOP\n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Thickness of level L [mb]\n" .
        "                     DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Of the total tracer, the fraction DELTPRES/TOTPRES\n" .
        "                     ! goes into level L, since that is the fraction of the\n" .
        "                     ! boundary layer occupied by level L.  Also divide the\n" .
        "                     ! tracer by COEF1 to convert from [molec tracer/box/s] \n" .
        "                     ! to [molec species/box/s].  For example, ISOPRENE is\n" .
        "                     ! carried by GEOS-CHEM as 5 carbons, so you would divide\n" .
        "                     ! by 5 to get \"effective molecules\" of ISOPRENE.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL        = ( EMISRR(I,J,N) / COEF1   ) *\n" .
        "     &                                ( DELTPRES      / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Convert emissions from [molec species/box/s] to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec species/cm3/s] and store in the REMIS array\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,2+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! Add biomass burning source [molec/cm3/s]\n" .
        "            ! Distribute emissions thru the entire boundary layer\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( NBB /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, TOP\n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Thickness of level L [mb]\n" .
        "                     DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "! Prior to 9/27/06:\n" .
        "! The BIOMASS array from \"biomass_mod.f\" is now in units of [molec CO/cm2/s].\n" .
        "! Adjust unit conversion accordingly. (bmy, 9/27/06)\n" .
        "!                     ! Biomass burning is in [molec/cm3/s], so we need to \n" .
        "!                     ! multiply by VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) to convert it to \n" .
        "!                     ! [molec/box/s], VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) is the volume in cm3\n" .
        "!                     ! of the surface grid box (I,J,1).  Then we need to \n" .
        "!                     ! divide that by COEF1 to convert from \n" .
        "!                     ! [molec tracer/box/s] to [molec species/cm3/s].\n" .
        "!                     ! Of the total biomass burning emissions, the fraction \n" .
        "!                     ! DELTPRES/TOTPRES goes into level L, since that is the \n" .
        "!                     ! fraction of the boundary layer occupied by level L.  \n" .
        "!                     ! Store in EMIS_BL.\n" .
        "!                     EMIS_BL  = ( BIOMASS(I,J,NBB)  *\n" .
        "!     &                            VOLUME( JLOP(I,J,1) ) / COEF1  ) *\n" .
        "!     &                            ( DELTPRES / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "                           \n" .
        "                     ! Grid box area [cm2]\n" .
        "                     A_CM2    = GET_AREA_CM2( IYSAVE(JLOOP) )\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "                     ! Biomass burning is in [molec/cm2/s], so we need to \n" .
        "                     ! multiply by A_CM2 to convert it to [molec/box/s].\n" .
        "                     ! Then we need to divide that by COEF1 to convert from \n" .
        "                     ! [molec tracer/box/s] to [molec species/box/s].\n" .
        "                     ! Of the total biomass burning emissions, the fraction \n" .
        "                     ! DELTPRES/TOTPRES goes into level L, since that is the \n" .
        "                     ! fraction of the boundary layer occupied by level L.  \n" .
        "                     ! Store in EMIS_BL.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL  = ( BIOMASS(I,J,NBB) * A_CM2 / COEF1   ) *\n" .
        "     &                          ( DELTPRES                 / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Since EMIS_BL is in [molec species/box/s], we \n" .
        "                     ! have to divide by VOLUME(JLOOP), which is the \n" .
        "                     ! volume of the grid box (I,J,L) to convert back to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec species/cm3/s].  Store in the REMIS array.\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = REMIS(JLOOP,N) + \n" .
        "     &                                ( EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP) )\n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,13+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! Add biofuel burning source [molec/cm3/s]\n" .
        "            ! Distribute emissions thru the entire boundary layer \n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( NBF /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, TOP\n" .
        "                  JLOOP   = JLOP(I,J,L)\n" .
        "                  EMIS_BL = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  IF ( JLOOP /= 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Thickness of level L [mb]\n" .
        "                     DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Biofuel burning is in [molec/cm3/s], so we need to \n" .
        "                     ! multiply by VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) to convert it to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec/box/s], VOLUME(JLOP(I,J,1)) is the volume in cm3 \n" .
        "                     ! of the surface grid box (I,J,1).  Then we need to \n" .
        "                     ! divide that by COEF1 to convert from \n" .
        "                     ! [molec tracer/box/s] to [molec species/box/s].\n" .
        "                     ! Of the total biofuel burning emissions, the fraction \n" .
        "                     ! DELTPRES/TOTPRES goes into level L, since that is the \n" .
        "                     ! fraction of the boundary layer occupied by level L.  \n" .
        "                     ! Store in EMIS_BL.\n" .
        "                     EMIS_BL  = ( BIOFUEL(NBF,I,J) *\n" .
        "     &                            VOLUME( JLOP(I,J,1) ) / COEF1 ) *\n" .
        "     &                            ( DELTPRES / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                     ! Since EMIS_BL is in [molec species/box/s], we \n" .
        "                     ! have to divide by VOLUME(JLOOP), which is the \n" .
        "                     ! volume of the grid box (I,J,L) to convert back to \n" .
        "                     ! [molec species/cm3/s].  Store in the REMIS array.\n" .
        "                     REMIS(JLOOP,N) = REMIS(JLOOP,N) + \n" .
        "     &                                ( EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP) )\n" .
        "                     !-----------SAVING INDIVIDUAL EMISSIONS--------------!\n" .
        "                     EMIS_RATE(JLOOP,24+N) = EMIS_BL / VOLUME(JLOOP)\n" .
        "                     !----------------------------------------------------!\n" .
        "                  ENDIF\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            ! ND12 Diagnostic: Save the fraction of the boundary layer\n" .
        "            ! occupied by level L into the AD12 diagnostic array.\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( N == 1 .and. ND12 > 0 ) THEN\n" .
        "               DO L = 1, MIN( TOP, LD12 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Thickness of layer L [mb]\n" .
        "                  DELTPRES = GET_PEDGE(I,J,L) - GET_PEDGE(I,J,L+1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "                  ! Save boundary layer fraction into AD12\n" .
        "                  AD12(I,J,L) = AD12(I,J,L) + ( DELTPRES / TOTPRES )\n" .
        "               ENDDO\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ENDDO  ! I\n" .
        "         ENDDO  ! J\n" .
        "      ENDDO     ! N\n" .
        "!\$OMP END PARALLEL DO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
	"      END SUBROUTINE SETEMIS_ADJ\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create read_teso3_mod.f
#=============================================
sub createReadTeso3Mod()
{
    printf "Creating read_teso3_mod.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">read_teso3_mod.f") || die "Unable to open read_teso3_mod.f";
    print FILE "!\$ read_sciao3_mod.f, Kumaresh  2008/24/01; based on read_sciano2_mod.f   \n" .
        "!\$ designed by Daven Henze for geos-3 Adjoint v6\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      MODULE READ_TESO3_MOD \n" .
        "\n" .
        "!---------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      implicit none\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=140) :: SCIA_FILE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Location of scia data \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=140), PARAMETER :: SCIA_DATA_DIR = \n" .
        "     &   '/home/kumaresh/GEOS/data/SCIA_DATA/'\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      CONTAINS \n" .
        "   \n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CALC_TESO3_FORCE( STT_ADJ )\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Subroutine CALC_TESO3_FORCE calculates adjoint forcing and cost function\n" .
        "!  contribution from observations of O3 tropospheric column\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  Arguments as Input:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) STT_ADJ   (REAL*8) : Adjoint Variable\n" .
        "!  (2 ) COST_FUNC (REAL*8) : Cost function \n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  Arguments as Output:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) STT_ADJ   (REAL*8) : Adjoint Variable\n" .
        "!  (2 ) COST_FUNC (REAL*8) : Cost function \n" .
        "!     \n" .
        "!  NOTES:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! Reference to f90 modules\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,   ONLY : JLOP\n" .
        "      USE TRACERID_MOD, ONLY : IDO3\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,    ONLY : ERROR_STOP\n" .
        "      USE GRID_MOD,     ONLY : GET_IJ\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,     ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM, GET_NYMD, GET_NHMS, \n" .
        "     &                         GET_NHMSb, GET_NYMDb\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,   ONLY : N_TRACERS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\" ! Size params, PTOP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Arguments\n" .
        "      REAL*8, INTENT(INOUT) :: STT_ADJ(IIPAR,JJPAR,LLPAR,N_TRACERS)\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      ! Local variables \n" .
        "      INTEGER, PARAMETER :: MLGC_TOP = LLTROP\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: TIMESPAN, NP_START, NP_STOP\n" .
        "      REAL               :: ALON, ALAT\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I, J, L, JLOOP, LTM, LGC, NP, IIJJ(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: II,JJ,LL\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: NP_SPAN\n" .
        "      LOGICAL, SAVE      :: FIRST = .TRUE. \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! CALC_SCIAO3_FORCE begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      STT_ADJ = 0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SCIA_FILE = TRIM( SCIA_DATA_DIR )//'o3lonlat.dat'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      open(UNIT=20,file=TRIM(SCIA_FILE))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      II = 1\n" .
        "      JJ = 1\n" .
        "      LL = 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Loop over number of pixels in current timespan\n" .
        "      DO NP_SPAN = 1, 125\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         read(20,*) ALON,ALAT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         DO L = 1,LLTROP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get GEOS grid cell of current pixel\n" .
        "            IIJJ = GET_IJ(ALON,ALAT)\n" .
        "            I = IIJJ(1)\n" .
        "            J = IIJJ(2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        " \n" .
        "            ! Get JLOOP 1-D coord from I,J,L 3-D coord\n" .
        "            !JLOOP = JLOP(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Add this in case I,J,L is not in current trop (dkh)\n" .
        "            !IF ( JLOOP == 0 ) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            IF( II==I.AND.JJ==J.AND.LL==L) CYCLE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            II = I\n" .
        "            JJ = J\n" .
        "            LL = L\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Calc cost function contribution\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            STT_ADJ(I,J,L,2) = 1d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !COST_FUNC = COST_FUNC + STT(I,J,L,2)*STT(I,J,L,2)/2\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         END DO\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "      ENDDO                     ! NP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      close(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CALC_TESO3_FORCE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
	"      END MODULE READ_TESO3_MOD\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create routines.f
#=============================================
sub createRoutines()
{
    printf "Creating routines.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">routines.f") || die "Unable to open routines.f";
    print FILE "c================    L-BFGS-B (version 2.1)   ==========================\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      subroutine setulb(n, m, x, l, u, nbd, f, g, factr, pgtol, wa, iwa,\n" .
        "     +                 task, iprint,  csave, lsave, isave, dsave)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      character*60     task, csave\n" .
        "      logical          lsave(4)\n" .
        "      integer          n, m, iprint, \n" .
        "     +                 nbd(n), iwa(3*n), isave(44)\n" .
        "      double precision f, factr, pgtol, x(n), l(n), u(n), g(n),\n" .
        "     +                 wa(2*m*n+4*n+12*m*m+12*m), dsave(29)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine setulb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine partitions the working arrays wa and iwa, and \n" .
        "c       then uses the limited memory BFGS method to solve the bound\n" .
        "c       constrained optimization problem by calling mainlb.\n" .
        "c       (The direct method will be used in the subspace minimization.)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the dimension of the problem.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric corrections\n" .
        "c         used to define the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     x is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry x is an approximation to the solution.\n" .
        "c       On exit x is the current approximation.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     l is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry l is the lower bound on x.\n" .
        "c       On exit l is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     u is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry u is the upper bound on x.\n" .
        "c       On exit u is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nbd is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry nbd represents the type of bounds imposed on the\n" .
        "c         variables, and must be specified as follows:\n" .
        "c         nbd(i)=0 if x(i) is unbounded,\n" .
        "c                1 if x(i) has only a lower bound,\n" .
        "c                2 if x(i) has both lower and upper bounds, and\n" .
        "c                3 if x(i) has only an upper bound.\n" .
        "c       On exit nbd is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     f is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On first entry f is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On final exit f is the value of the function at x.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     g is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On first entry g is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On final exit g is the value of the gradient at x.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     factr is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry factr >= 0 is specified by the user.  The iteration\n" .
        "c         will stop when\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         (f^k - f^{k+1})/max{|f^k|,|f^{k+1}|,1} <= factr*epsmch\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         where epsmch is the machine precision, which is automatically\n" .
        "c         generated by the code. Typical values for factr: 1.d+12 for\n" .
        "c         low accuracy; 1.d+7 for moderate accuracy; 1.d+1 for extremely\n" .
        "c         high accuracy.\n" .
        "c       On exit factr is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     pgtol is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry pgtol >= 0 is specified by the user.  The iteration\n" .
        "c         will stop when\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                 max{|proj g_i | i = 1, ..., n} <= pgtol\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         where pg_i is the ith component of the projected gradient.   \n" .
        "c       On exit pgtol is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wa is a double precision working array of length \n" .
        "c       (2mmax + 4)nmax + 12mmax^2 + 12mmax.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iwa is an integer working array of length 3nmax.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     task is a working string of characters of length 60 indicating\n" .
        "c       the current job when entering and quitting this subroutine.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iprint is an integer variable that must be set by the user.\n" .
        "c       It controls the frequency and type of output generated:\n" .
        "c        iprint<0    no output is generated;\n" .
        "c        iprint=0    print only one line at the last iteration;\n" .
        "c        0<iprint<99 print also f and |proj g| every iprint iterations;\n" .
        "c        iprint=99   print details of every iteration except n-vectors;\n" .
        "c        iprint=100  print also the changes of active set and final x;\n" .
        "c        iprint>100  print details of every iteration including x and g;\n" .
        "c       When iprint > 0, the file iterate.dat will be created to\n" .
        "c                        summarize the iteration.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     csave is a working string of characters of length 60.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     lsave is a logical working array of dimension 4.\n" .
        "c       On exit with 'task' = NEW_X, the following information is \n" .
        "c                                                             available:\n" .
        "c         If lsave(1) = .true.  then  the initial X has been replaced by\n" .
        "c                                     its projection in the feasible set;\n" .
        "c         If lsave(2) = .true.  then  the problem is constrained;\n" .
        "c         If lsave(3) = .true.  then  each variable has upper and lower\n" .
        "c                                     bounds;\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     isave is an integer working array of dimension 44.\n" .
        "c       On exit with 'task' = NEW_X, the following information is \n" .
        "c                                                             available:\n" .
        "c         isave(22) = the total number of intervals explored in the \n" .
        "c                         search of Cauchy points;\n" .
        "c         isave(26) = the total number of skipped BFGS updates before \n" .
        "c                         the current iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(30) = the number of current iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(31) = the total number of BFGS updates prior the current\n" .
        "c                         iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(33) = the number of intervals explored in the search of\n" .
        "c                         Cauchy point in the current iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(34) = the total number of function and gradient \n" .
        "c                         evaluations;\n" .
        "c         isave(36) = the number of function value or gradient\n" .
        "c                                  evaluations in the current iteration;\n" .
        "c         if isave(37) = 0  then the subspace argmin is within the box;\n" .
        "c         if isave(37) = 1  then the subspace argmin is beyond the box;\n" .
        "c         isave(38) = the number of free variables in the current\n" .
        "c                         iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(39) = the number of active constraints in the current\n" .
        "c                         iteration;\n" .
        "c         n + 1 - isave(40) = the number of variables leaving the set of\n" .
        "c                           active constraints in the current iteration;\n" .
        "c         isave(41) = the number of variables entering the set of active\n" .
        "c                         constraints in the current iteration.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     dsave is a double precision working array of dimension 29.\n" .
        "c       On exit with 'task' = NEW_X, the following information is\n" .
        "c                                                             available:\n" .
        "c         dsave(1) = current 'theta' in the BFGS matrix;\n" .
        "c         dsave(2) = f(x) in the previous iteration;\n" .
        "c         dsave(3) = factr*epsmch;\n" .
        "c         dsave(4) = 2-norm of the line search direction vector;\n" .
        "c         dsave(5) = the machine precision epsmch generated by the code;\n" .
        "c         dsave(7) = the accumulated time spent on searching for\n" .
        "c                                                         Cauchy points;\n" .
        "c         dsave(8) = the accumulated time spent on\n" .
        "c                                                 subspace minimization;\n" .
        "c         dsave(9) = the accumulated time spent on line search;\n" .
        "c         dsave(11) = the slope of the line search function at\n" .
        "c                                  the current point of line search;\n" .
        "c         dsave(12) = the maximum relative step length imposed in\n" .
        "c                                                           line search;\n" .
        "c         dsave(13) = the infinity norm of the projected gradient;\n" .
        "c         dsave(14) = the relative step length in the line search;\n" .
        "c         dsave(15) = the slope of the line search function at\n" .
        "c                                 the starting point of the line search;\n" .
        "c         dsave(16) = the square of the 2-norm of the line search\n" .
        "c                                                      direction vector.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       L-BFGS-B Library ... mainlb.    \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [1] R. H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal and C. Zhu, ``A limited\n" .
        "c       memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization'',\n" .
        "c       SIAM J. Scientific Computing 16 (1995), no. 5, pp. 1190--1208.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [2] C. Zhu, R.H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal, ``L-BFGS-B: a\n" .
        "c       limited memory FORTRAN code for solving bound constrained\n" .
        "c       optimization problems'', Tech. Report, NAM-11, EECS Department,\n" .
        "c       Northwestern University, 1994.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       (Postscript files of these papers are available via anonymous\n" .
        "c        ftp to eecs.nwu.edu in the directory pub/lbfgs/lbfgs_bcm.)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer   l1,l2,l3,lws,lr,lz,lt,ld,lsg,lwa,lyg,\n" .
        "     +          lsgo,lwy,lsy,lss,lyy,lwt,lwn,lsnd,lygo\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (task .eq. 'START') then\n" .
        "         isave(1)  = m*n\n" .
        "         isave(2)  = m**2\n" .
        "         isave(3)  = 4*m**2\n" .
        "         isave(4)  = 1\n" .
        "         isave(5)  = isave(4)  + isave(1)\n" .
        "         isave(6)  = isave(5)  + isave(1)\n" .
        "         isave(7)  = isave(6)  + isave(2)\n" .
        "         isave(8)  = isave(7)  + isave(2)\n" .
        "         isave(9)  = isave(8)  + isave(2)\n" .
        "         isave(10) = isave(9)  + isave(2)\n" .
        "         isave(11) = isave(10) + isave(3)\n" .
        "         isave(12) = isave(11) + isave(3)\n" .
        "         isave(13) = isave(12) + n\n" .
        "         isave(14) = isave(13) + n\n" .
        "         isave(15) = isave(14) + n\n" .
        "         isave(16) = isave(15) + n\n" .
        "         isave(17) = isave(16) + 8*m\n" .
        "         isave(18) = isave(17) + m\n" .
        "         isave(19) = isave(18) + m\n" .
        "         isave(20) = isave(19) + m   \n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      l1   = isave(1)\n" .
        "      l2   = isave(2)\n" .
        "      l3   = isave(3)\n" .
        "      lws  = isave(4)\n" .
        "      lwy  = isave(5)\n" .
        "      lsy  = isave(6)\n" .
        "      lss  = isave(7)\n" .
        "      lyy  = isave(8)\n" .
        "      lwt  = isave(9)\n" .
        "      lwn  = isave(10)\n" .
        "      lsnd = isave(11)\n" .
        "      lz   = isave(12)\n" .
        "      lr   = isave(13)\n" .
        "      ld   = isave(14)\n" .
        "      lt   = isave(15)\n" .
        "      lwa  = isave(16)\n" .
        "      lsg  = isave(17)\n" .
        "      lsgo = isave(18)\n" .
        "      lyg  = isave(19)\n" .
        "      lygo = isave(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call mainlb(n,m,x,l,u,nbd,f,g,factr,pgtol,\n" .
        "     +  wa(lws),wa(lwy),wa(lsy),wa(lss),wa(lyy),wa(lwt),\n" .
        "     +  wa(lwn),wa(lsnd),wa(lz),wa(lr),wa(ld),wa(lt),\n" .
        "     +  wa(lwa),wa(lsg),wa(lsgo),wa(lyg),wa(lygo),\n" .
        "     +  iwa(1),iwa(n+1),iwa(2*n+1),task,iprint,\n" .
        "     +  csave,lsave,isave(22),dsave)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of setulb =============================\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      subroutine mainlb(n, m, x, l, u, nbd, f, g, factr, pgtol, ws, wy,\n" .
        "     +                  sy, ss, yy, wt, wn, snd, z, r, d, t, wa, sg,\n" .
        "     +                  sgo, yg, ygo, index, iwhere, indx2, task,\n" .
        "     +                  iprint, csave, lsave, isave, dsave)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      character*60     task, csave\n" .
        "      logical          lsave(4)\n" .
        "      integer          n, m, iprint, nbd(n), index(n),\n" .
        "     +                 iwhere(n), indx2(n), isave(23)\n" .
        "      double precision f, factr, pgtol,\n" .
        "     +                 x(n), l(n), u(n), g(n), z(n), r(n), d(n), t(n), \n" .
        "     +                 wa(8*m), sg(m), sgo(m), yg(m), ygo(m), \n" .
        "     +                 ws(n, m), wy(n, m), sy(m, m), ss(m, m), yy(m, m),\n" .
        "     +                 wt(m, m), wn(2*m, 2*m), snd(2*m, 2*m), dsave(29)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine mainlb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine solves bound constrained optimization problems by\n" .
        "c       using the compact formula of the limited memory BFGS updates.\n" .
        "c       \n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the number of variables.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric\n" .
        "c          corrections allowed in the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     x is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry x is an approximation to the solution.\n" .
        "c       On exit x is the current approximation.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     l is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry l is the lower bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit l is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     u is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry u is the upper bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit u is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nbd is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry nbd represents the type of bounds imposed on the\n" .
        "c         variables, and must be specified as follows:\n" .
        "c         nbd(i)=0 if x(i) is unbounded,\n" .
        "c                1 if x(i) has only a lower bound,\n" .
        "c                2 if x(i) has both lower and upper bounds,\n" .
        "c                3 if x(i) has only an upper bound.\n" .
        "c       On exit nbd is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     f is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On first entry f is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On final exit f is the value of the function at x.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     g is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On first entry g is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On final exit g is the value of the gradient at x.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     factr is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry factr >= 0 is specified by the user.  The iteration\n" .
        "c         will stop when\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         (f^k - f^{k+1})/max{|f^k|,|f^{k+1}|,1} <= factr*epsmch\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         where epsmch is the machine precision, which is automatically\n" .
        "c         generated by the code.\n" .
        "c       On exit factr is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     pgtol is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry pgtol >= 0 is specified by the user.  The iteration\n" .
        "c         will stop when\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                 max{|proj g_i | i = 1, ..., n} <= pgtol\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         where pg_i is the ith component of the projected gradient.\n" .
        "c       On exit pgtol is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ws, wy, sy, and wt are double precision working arrays used to\n" .
        "c       store the following information defining the limited memory\n" .
        "c          BFGS matrix:\n" .
        "c          ws, of dimension n x m, stores S, the matrix of s-vectors;\n" .
        "c          wy, of dimension n x m, stores Y, the matrix of y-vectors;\n" .
        "c          sy, of dimension m x m, stores S'Y;\n" .
        "c          ss, of dimension m x m, stores S'S;\n" .
        "c	   yy, of dimension m x m, stores Y'Y;\n" .
        "c          wt, of dimension m x m, stores the Cholesky factorization\n" .
        "c                                  of (theta*S'S+LD^(-1)L'); see eq.\n" .
        "c                                  (2.26) in [3].\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wn is a double precision working array of dimension 2m x 2m\n" .
        "c       used to store the LEL^T factorization of the indefinite matrix\n" .
        "c                 K = [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                     [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       where     E = [-I  0]\n" .
        "c                     [ 0  I]\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     snd is a double precision working array of dimension 2m x 2m\n" .
        "c       used to store the lower triangular part of\n" .
        "c                 N = [Y' ZZ'Y   L_a'+R_z']\n" .
        "c                     [L_a +R_z  S'AA'S   ]\n" .
        "c	     \n" .
        "c     z(n),r(n),d(n),t(n),wa(8*m) are double precision working arrays.\n" .
        "c       z is used at different times to store the Cauchy point and\n" .
        "c       the Newton point.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     sg(m),sgo(m),yg(m),ygo(m) are double precision working arrays. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     index is an integer working array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       In subroutine freev, index is used to store the free and fixed\n" .
        "c          variables at the Generalized Cauchy Point (GCP).\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iwhere is an integer working array of dimension n used to record\n" .
        "c       the status of the vector x for GCP computation.\n" .
        "c       iwhere(i)=0 or -3 if x(i) is free and has bounds,\n" .
        "c                 1       if x(i) is fixed at l(i), and l(i) .ne. u(i)\n" .
        "c                 2       if x(i) is fixed at u(i), and u(i) .ne. l(i)\n" .
        "c                 3       if x(i) is always fixed, i.e.,  u(i)=x(i)=l(i)\n" .
        "c                -1       if x(i) is always free, i.e., no bounds on it.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     indx2 is an integer working array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       Within subroutine cauchy, indx2 corresponds to the array iorder.\n" .
        "c       In subroutine freev, a list of variables entering and leaving\n" .
        "c       the free set is stored in indx2, and it is passed on to\n" .
        "c       subroutine formk with this information.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     task is a working string of characters of length 60 indicating\n" .
        "c       the current job when entering and leaving this subroutine.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iprint is an INTEGER variable that must be set by the user.\n" .
        "c       It controls the frequency and type of output generated:\n" .
        "c        iprint<0    no output is generated;\n" .
        "c        iprint=0    print only one line at the last iteration;\n" .
        "c        0<iprint<99 print also f and |proj g| every iprint iterations;\n" .
        "c        iprint=99   print details of every iteration except n-vectors;\n" .
        "c        iprint=100  print also the changes of active set and final x;\n" .
        "c        iprint>100  print details of every iteration including x and g;\n" .
        "c       When iprint > 0, the file iterate.dat will be created to\n" .
        "c                        summarize the iteration.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     csave is a working string of characters of length 60.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     lsave is a logical working array of dimension 4.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     isave is an integer working array of dimension 23.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     dsave is a double precision working array of dimension 29.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       L-BFGS-B Library ... cauchy, subsm, lnsrlb, formk, \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        errclb, prn1lb, prn2lb, prn3lb, active, projgr,\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        freev, cmprlb, matupd, formt.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Minpack2 Library ... timer, dpmeps.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack Library ... dcopy, ddot.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [1] R. H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal and C. Zhu, ``A limited\n" .
        "c       memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization'',\n" .
        "c       SIAM J. Scientific Computing 16 (1995), no. 5, pp. 1190--1208.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [2] C. Zhu, R.H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal, ``L-BFGS-B: FORTRAN\n" .
        "c       Subroutines for Large Scale Bound Constrained Optimization''\n" .
        "c       Tech. Report, NAM-11, EECS Department, Northwestern University,\n" .
        "c       1994.\n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c       [3] R. Byrd, J. Nocedal and R. Schnabel \"Representations of\n" .
        "c       Quasi-Newton Matrices and their use in Limited Memory Methods'',\n" .
        "c       Mathematical Programming 63 (1994), no. 4, pp. 129-156.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       (Postscript files of these papers are available via anonymous\n" .
        "c        ftp to eecs.nwu.edu in the directory pub/lbfgs/lbfgs_bcm.)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      logical          prjctd,cnstnd,boxed,updatd,wrk\n" .
        "      character*3      word\n" .
        "      integer          i,k,nintol,itfile,iback,nskip,\n" .
        "     +                 head,col,iter,itail,iupdat,\n" .
        "     +                 nint,nfgv,info,ifun,\n" .
        "     +                 iword,nfree,nact,ileave,nenter\n" .
        "      double precision theta,fold,ddot,dr,rr,tol,dpmeps,\n" .
        "     +                 xstep,sbgnrm,ddum,dnorm,dtd,epsmch,\n" .
        "     +                 cpu1,cpu2,cachyt,sbtime,lnscht,time1,time2,\n" .
        "     +                 gd,gdold,stp,stpmx,time\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      if (task .eq. 'START') then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         call timer(time1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Generate the current machine precision.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         epsmch = dpmeps()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Initialize counters and scalars when task='START'.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           for the limited memory BFGS matrices:\n" .
        "         col    = 0\n" .
        "         head   = 1\n" .
        "         theta  = one\n" .
        "         iupdat = 0\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           for operation counts:\n" .
        "         iter   = 0\n" .
        "         nfgv   = 0\n" .
        "         nint   = 0\n" .
        "         nintol = 0\n" .
        "         nskip  = 0\n" .
        "         nfree  = n\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           for stopping tolerance:\n" .
        "         tol = factr*epsmch\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           for measuring running time:\n" .
        "         cachyt = 0\n" .
        "         sbtime = 0\n" .
        "         lnscht = 0\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           'word' records the status of subspace solutions.\n" .
        "         word = '---'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           'info' records the termination information.\n" .
        "         info = 0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) then\n" .
        "c                                open a summary file 'iterate.dat'\n" .
        "            open (8, file = 'iterate.dat', status = 'unknown')\n" .
        "            itfile = 8\n" .
        "         endif            \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Check the input arguments for errors.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "	 call errclb(n,m,factr,l,u,nbd,task,info,k)\n" .
        "         if (task(1:5) .eq. 'ERROR') then\n" .
        "            call prn3lb(n,x,f,task,iprint,info,itfile,\n" .
        "     +                  iter,nfgv,nintol,nskip,nact,sbgnrm,\n" .
        "     +                  zero,nint,word,iback,stp,xstep,k,\n" .
        "     +                  cachyt,sbtime,lnscht)\n" .
        "            return\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         call prn1lb(n,m,l,u,x,iprint,itfile,epsmch)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c        Initialize iwhere & project x onto the feasible set.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         call active(n,l,u,nbd,x,iwhere,iprint,prjctd,cnstnd,boxed) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        The end of the initialization.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "c          restore local variables.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         prjctd = lsave(1)\n" .
        "         cnstnd = lsave(2)\n" .
        "         boxed  = lsave(3)\n" .
        "         updatd = lsave(4)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         nintol = isave(1)\n" .
        "         itfile = isave(3)\n" .
        "         iback  = isave(4)\n" .
        "         nskip  = isave(5)\n" .
        "         head   = isave(6)\n" .
        "         col    = isave(7)\n" .
        "         itail  = isave(8)\n" .
        "         iter   = isave(9)\n" .
        "         iupdat = isave(10)\n" .
        "         nint   = isave(12)\n" .
        "         nfgv   = isave(13)\n" .
        "         info   = isave(14)\n" .
        "         ifun   = isave(15)\n" .
        "         iword  = isave(16)\n" .
        "         nfree  = isave(17)\n" .
        "         nact   = isave(18)\n" .
        "         ileave = isave(19)\n" .
        "         nenter = isave(20)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         theta  = dsave(1)\n" .
        "         fold   = dsave(2)\n" .
        "         tol    = dsave(3)\n" .
        "         dnorm  = dsave(4)\n" .
        "         epsmch = dsave(5)\n" .
        "         cpu1   = dsave(6)\n" .
        "         cachyt = dsave(7)\n" .
        "         sbtime = dsave(8)\n" .
        "         lnscht = dsave(9)\n" .
        "         time1  = dsave(10)\n" .
        "         gd     = dsave(11)\n" .
        "         stpmx  = dsave(12)\n" .
        "         sbgnrm = dsave(13)\n" .
        "         stp    = dsave(14)\n" .
        "         gdold  = dsave(15)\n" .
        "         dtd    = dsave(16)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "c        After returning from the driver go to the point where execution\n" .
        "c        is to resume.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (task(1:5) .eq. 'FG_LN') goto 666\n" .
        "         if (task(1:5) .eq. 'NEW_X') goto 777\n" .
        "         if (task(1:5) .eq. 'FG_ST') goto 111\n" .
        "         if (task(1:4) .eq. 'STOP') then\n" .
        "            if (task(7:9) .eq. 'CPU') then\n" .
        "c                                          restore the previous iterate.\n" .
        "               call dcopy(n,t,1,x,1)\n" .
        "               call dcopy(n,r,1,g,1)\n" .
        "               f = fold\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            goto 999\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Compute f0 and g0.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      task = 'FG_START' \n" .
        "c          return to the driver to calculate f and g; reenter at 111.\n" .
        "      goto 1000\n" .
        " 111  continue\n" .
        "      nfgv = 1\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Compute the infinity norm of the (-) projected gradient.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      call projgr(n,l,u,nbd,x,g,sbgnrm)\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 1) then\n" .
        "         write (6,1002) iter,f,sbgnrm\n" .
        "         write (itfile,1003) iter,nfgv,sbgnrm,f\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      if (sbgnrm .le. pgtol) then\n" .
        "c                                terminate the algorithm.\n" .
        "         task = 'CONVERGENCE: NORM OF PROJECTED GRADIENT <= PGTOL'\n" .
        "         goto 999\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c ----------------- the beginning of the loop --------------------------\n" .
        " \n" .
        " 222  continue\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,1001) iter + 1\n" .
        "      iword = -1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      if (.not. cnstnd .and. col .gt. 0) then \n" .
        "c                                            skip the search for GCP.\n" .
        "         call dcopy(n,x,1,z,1)\n" .
        "	 wrk = updatd\n" .
        "         nint = 0\n" .
        "         goto 333\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Compute the Generalized Cauchy Point (GCP).\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call timer(cpu1) \n" .
        "      call cauchy(n,x,l,u,nbd,g,indx2,iwhere,t,d,z,\n" .
        "     +            m,wy,ws,sy,wt,theta,col,head,\n" .
        "     + 		  wa(1),wa(2*m+1),wa(4*m+1),wa(6*m+1),nint,\n" .
        "     +            sg,yg,iprint,sbgnrm,info,epsmch)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then \n" .
        "c         singular triangular system detected; refresh the lbfgs memory.\n" .
        "         if(iprint .ge. 1) write (6, 1005)\n" .
        "         info   = 0\n" .
        "         col    = 0\n" .
        "         head   = 1\n" .
        "         theta  = one\n" .
        "         iupdat = 0\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        "         call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "         cachyt = cachyt + cpu2 - cpu1\n" .
        "         goto 222\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "      cachyt = cachyt + cpu2 - cpu1\n" .
        "      nintol = nintol + nint\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Count the entering and leaving variables for iter > 0; \n" .
        "c     find the index set of free and active variables at the GCP.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call freev(n,nfree,index,nenter,ileave,indx2,\n" .
        "     +           iwhere,wrk,updatd,cnstnd,iprint,iter)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      nact = n - nfree\n" .
        " \n" .
        " 333  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     If there are no free variables or B=theta*I, then\n" .
        "c                                        skip the subspace minimization.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (nfree .eq. 0 .or. col .eq. 0) goto 555\n" .
        " \n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subspace minimization.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call timer(cpu1) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form  the LEL^T factorization of the indefinite\n" .
        "c       matrix    K = [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                     [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c       where     E = [-I  0]\n" .
        "c                     [ 0  I]\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (wrk) call formk(n,nfree,index,nenter,ileave,indx2,iupdat,\n" .
        "     +                 updatd,wn,snd,m,ws,wy,sy,theta,col,head,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "c          nonpositive definiteness in Cholesky factorization;\n" .
        "c          refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.\n" .
        "         if(iprint .ge. 1) write (6, 1006)\n" .
        "         info   = 0\n" .
        "         col    = 0\n" .
        "         head   = 1\n" .
        "         theta  = one\n" .
        "         iupdat = 0\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        "         call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "         sbtime = sbtime + cpu2 - cpu1 \n" .
        "         goto 222\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        compute r=-Z'B(xcp-xk)-Z'g (using wa(2m+1)=W'(xcp-x)\n" .
        "c                                                   from 'cauchy').\n" .
        "      call cmprlb(n,m,x,g,ws,wy,sy,wt,z,r,wa,index,\n" .
        "     +           theta,col,head,nfree,cnstnd,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) goto 444\n" .
        "c       call the direct method.\n" .
        "      call subsm(n,m,nfree,index,l,u,nbd,z,r,ws,wy,theta,\n" .
        "     +           col,head,iword,wa,wn,iprint,info)\n" .
        " 444  continue\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then \n" .
        "c          singular triangular system detected;\n" .
        "c          refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.\n" .
        "         if(iprint .ge. 1) write (6, 1005)\n" .
        "         info   = 0\n" .
        "         col    = 0\n" .
        "         head   = 1\n" .
        "         theta  = one\n" .
        "         iupdat = 0\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        "         call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "         sbtime = sbtime + cpu2 - cpu1 \n" .
        "         goto 222\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "      sbtime = sbtime + cpu2 - cpu1 \n" .
        " 555  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Line search and optimality tests.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Generate the search direction d:=z-x.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 40 i = 1, n\n" .
        "	 d(i) = z(i) - x(i)\n" .
        "  40  continue\n" .
        "      call timer(cpu1) \n" .
        " 666  continue\n" .
        "      call lnsrlb(n,l,u,nbd,x,f,fold,gd,gdold,g,d,r,t,z,stp,dnorm,\n" .
        "     +            dtd,xstep,stpmx,iter,ifun,iback,nfgv,info,task,\n" .
        "     +            boxed,cnstnd,csave,isave(22),dsave(17))\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0 .or. iback .ge. 20) then\n" .
        "c          restore the previous iterate.\n" .
        "         call dcopy(n,t,1,x,1)\n" .
        "         call dcopy(n,r,1,g,1)\n" .
        "         f = fold\n" .
        "         if (col .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "c             abnormal termination.\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "               info = -9\n" .
        "c                restore the actual number of f and g evaluations etc.\n" .
        "               nfgv = nfgv - 1\n" .
        "               ifun = ifun - 1\n" .
        "               iback = iback - 1\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            task = 'ABNORMAL_TERMINATION_IN_LNSRCH'\n" .
        "            iter = iter + 1\n" .
        "            goto 999\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "c             refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.\n" .
        "            if(iprint .ge. 1) write (6, 1008)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. 0) nfgv = nfgv - 1\n" .
        "            info   = 0\n" .
        "            col    = 0\n" .
        "            head   = 1\n" .
        "            theta  = one\n" .
        "            iupdat = 0\n" .
        "            updatd = .false.\n" .
        "            task   = 'RESTART_FROM_LNSRCH'\n" .
        "            call timer(cpu2)\n" .
        "            lnscht = lnscht + cpu2 - cpu1\n" .
        "            goto 222\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      else if (task(1:5) .eq. 'FG_LN') then\n" .
        "c          return to the driver for calculating f and g; reenter at 666.\n" .
        "	 goto 1000\n" .
        "      else \n" .
        "c          calculate and print out the quantities related to the new X.\n" .
        "         call timer(cpu2) \n" .
        "         lnscht = lnscht + cpu2 - cpu1\n" .
        "         iter = iter + 1\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c        Compute the infinity norm of the projected (-)gradient.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "         call projgr(n,l,u,nbd,x,g,sbgnrm)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c        Print iteration information.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         call prn2lb(n,x,f,g,iprint,itfile,iter,nfgv,nact,\n" .
        "     +               sbgnrm,nint,word,iword,iback,stp,xstep)\n" .
        "         goto 1000\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " 777  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Test for termination.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (sbgnrm .le. pgtol) then\n" .
        "c                                terminate the algorithm.\n" .
        "         task = 'CONVERGENCE: NORM OF PROJECTED GRADIENT <= PGTOL'\n" .
        "         goto 999\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ddum = max(abs(fold), abs(f), one)\n" .
        "      if ((fold - f) .le. tol*ddum) then\n" .
        "c                                        terminate the algorithm.\n" .
        "         task = 'CONVERGENCE: REL_REDUCTION_OF_F <= FACTR*EPSMCH'\n" .
        "         if (iback .ge. 10) info = -5\n" .
        "c           i.e., to issue a warning if iback>10 in the line search.\n" .
        "         goto 999\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Compute d=newx-oldx, r=newg-oldg, rr=y'y and dr=y's.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      do 42 i = 1, n\n" .
        "         r(i) = g(i) - r(i)\n" .
        "  42  continue\n" .
        "      rr = ddot(n,r,1,r,1)\n" .
        "      if (stp .eq. one) then  \n" .
        "         dr = gd - gdold\n" .
        "         ddum = -gdold\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         dr = (gd - gdold)*stp\n" .
        "	 call dscal(n,stp,d,1)\n" .
        "         ddum = -gdold*stp\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (dr .le. epsmch*ddum) then\n" .
        "c                            skip the L-BFGS update.\n" .
        "         nskip = nskip + 1\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) write (6,1004) dr, ddum\n" .
        "         goto 888\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        " \n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Update the L-BFGS matrix.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      updatd = .true.\n" .
        "      iupdat = iupdat + 1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Update matrices WS and WY and form the middle matrix in B.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call matupd(n,m,ws,wy,sy,ss,d,r,itail,\n" .
        "     +            iupdat,col,head,theta,rr,dr,stp,dtd)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form the upper half of the pds T = theta*SS + L*D^(-1)*L';\n" .
        "c        Store T in the upper triangular of the array wt;\n" .
        "c        Cholesky factorize T to J*J' with\n" .
        "c           J' stored in the upper triangular of wt.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call formt(m,wt,sy,ss,col,theta,info)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then \n" .
        "c          nonpositive definiteness in Cholesky factorization;\n" .
        "c          refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.\n" .
        "         if(iprint .ge. 1) write (6, 1007)\n" .
        "         info = 0\n" .
        "         col = 0\n" .
        "         head = 1\n" .
        "         theta = one\n" .
        "         iupdat = 0\n" .
        "         updatd = .false.\n" .
        "         goto 222\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Now the inverse of the middle matrix in B is\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c       [  D^(1/2)      O ] [ -D^(1/2)  D^(-1/2)*L' ]\n" .
        "c       [ -L*D^(-1/2)   J ] [  0        J'          ]\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 888  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c -------------------- the end of the loop -----------------------------\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      goto 222\n" .
        " 999  continue\n" .
        "      call timer(time2)\n" .
        "      time = time2 - time1\n" .
        "      call prn3lb(n,x,f,task,iprint,info,itfile,\n" .
        "     +            iter,nfgv,nintol,nskip,nact,sbgnrm,\n" .
        "     +            time,nint,word,iback,stp,xstep,k,\n" .
        "     +            cachyt,sbtime,lnscht)\n" .
        " 1000 continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Save local variables.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      lsave(1)  = prjctd\n" .
        "      lsave(2)  = cnstnd\n" .
        "      lsave(3)  = boxed\n" .
        "      lsave(4)  = updatd\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      isave(1)  = nintol \n" .
        "      isave(3)  = itfile \n" .
        "      isave(4)  = iback \n" .
        "      isave(5)  = nskip \n" .
        "      isave(6)  = head \n" .
        "      isave(7)  = col \n" .
        "      isave(8)  = itail \n" .
        "      isave(9)  = iter \n" .
        "      isave(10) = iupdat \n" .
        "      isave(12) = nint \n" .
        "      isave(13) = nfgv \n" .
        "      isave(14) = info \n" .
        "      isave(15) = ifun \n" .
        "      isave(16) = iword \n" .
        "      isave(17) = nfree \n" .
        "      isave(18) = nact \n" .
        "      isave(19) = ileave \n" .
        "      isave(20) = nenter \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      dsave(1)  = theta \n" .
        "      dsave(2)  = fold \n" .
        "      dsave(3)  = tol \n" .
        "      dsave(4)  = dnorm \n" .
        "      dsave(5)  = epsmch \n" .
        "      dsave(6)  = cpu1 \n" .
        "      dsave(7)  = cachyt \n" .
        "      dsave(8)  = sbtime \n" .
        "      dsave(9)  = lnscht \n" .
        "      dsave(10) = time1 \n" .
        "      dsave(11) = gd \n" .
        "      dsave(12) = stpmx \n" .
        "      dsave(13) = sbgnrm\n" .
        "      dsave(14) = stp\n" .
        "      dsave(15) = gdold\n" .
        "      dsave(16) = dtd  \n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1001 format (//,'ITERATION ',i5)\n" .
        " 1002 format\n" .
        "     +  (/,'At iterate',i5,4x,'f= ',1p,d12.5,4x,'|proj g|= ',1p,d12.5)\n" .
        " 1003 format (2(1x,i4),5x,'-',5x,'-',3x,'-',5x,'-',5x,'-',8x,'-',3x,\n" .
        "     +        1p,2(1x,d10.3))\n" .
        " 1004 format ('  ys=',1p,e10.3,'  -gs=',1p,e10.3,' BFGS update SKIPPED')\n" .
        " 1005 format (/, \n" .
        "     +' Singular triangular system detected;',/,\n" .
        "     +'   refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.')\n" .
        " 1006 format (/, \n" .
        "     +' Nonpositive definiteness in Cholesky factorization in formk;',/,\n" .
        "     +'   refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.')\n" .
        " 1007 format (/, \n" .
        "     +' Nonpositive definiteness in Cholesky factorization in formt;',/,\n" .
        "     +'   refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.')\n" .
        " 1008 format (/, \n" .
        "     +' Bad direction in the line search;',/,\n" .
        "     +'   refresh the lbfgs memory and restart the iteration.')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c======================= The end of mainlb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine active(n, l, u, nbd, x, iwhere, iprint,\n" .
        "     +                  prjctd, cnstnd, boxed)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      logical          prjctd, cnstnd, boxed\n" .
        "      integer          n, iprint, nbd(n), iwhere(n)\n" .
        "      double precision x(n), l(n), u(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine active\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine initializes iwhere and projects the initial x to\n" .
        "c       the feasible set if necessary.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iwhere is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry iwhere is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit iwhere(i)=-1  if x(i) has no bounds\n" .
        "c                         3   if l(i)=u(i)\n" .
        "c                         0   otherwise.\n" .
        "c       In cauchy, iwhere is given finer gradations.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          nbdd,i\n" .
        "      double precision zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Initialize nbdd, prjctd, cnstnd and boxed.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      nbdd = 0\n" .
        "      prjctd = .false.\n" .
        "      cnstnd = .false.\n" .
        "      boxed = .true.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Project the initial x to the easible set if necessary.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1, n\n" .
        "         if (nbd(i) .gt. 0) then\n" .
        "            if (nbd(i) .le. 2 .and. x(i) .le. l(i)) then\n" .
        "	       if (x(i) .lt. l(i)) then\n" .
        "                  prjctd = .true.\n" .
        "	          x(i) = l(i)\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               nbdd = nbdd + 1\n" .
        "            else if (nbd(i) .ge. 2 .and. x(i) .ge. u(i)) then\n" .
        "	       if (x(i) .gt. u(i)) then\n" .
        "                  prjctd = .true.\n" .
        "	          x(i) = u(i)\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "               nbdd = nbdd + 1\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  10  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Initialize iwhere and assign values to cnstnd and boxed.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 20 i = 1, n\n" .
        "         if (nbd(i) .ne. 2) boxed = .false.\n" .
        "         if (nbd(i) .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "c                                this variable is always free\n" .
        "	    iwhere(i) = -1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           otherwise set x(i)=mid(x(i), u(i), l(i)).\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "	    cnstnd = .true.\n" .
        "            if (nbd(i) .eq. 2 .and. u(i) - l(i) .le. zero) then\n" .
        "c                   this variable is always fixed\n" .
        "	       iwhere(i) = 3\n" .
        "            else \n" .
        "               iwhere(i) = 0\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  20  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 0) then\n" .
        "         if (prjctd) write (6,*)\n" .
        "     +   'The initial X is infeasible.  Restart with its projection.'\n" .
        "         if (.not. cnstnd)\n" .
        "     +      write (6,*) 'This problem is unconstrained.'\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (iprint .gt. 0) write (6,1001) nbdd\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1001 format (/,'At X0 ',i9,' variables are exactly at the bounds') \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of active =============================\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      subroutine bmv(m, sy, wt, col, v, p, info)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer m, col, info\n" .
        "      double precision sy(m, m), wt(m, m), v(2*col), p(2*col)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine bmv\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine computes the product of the 2m x 2m middle matrix \n" .
        "c	in the compact L-BFGS formula of B and a 2m vector v;  \n" .
        "c	it returns the product in p.\n" .
        "c	\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric corrections\n" .
        "c         used to define the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     sy is a double precision array of dimension m x m.\n" .
        "c       On entry sy specifies the matrix S'Y.\n" .
        "c       On exit sy is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wt is a double precision array of dimension m x m.\n" .
        "c       On entry wt specifies the upper triangular matrix J' which is \n" .
        "c         the Cholesky factor of (thetaS'S+LD^(-1)L').\n" .
        "c       On exit wt is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     col is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry col specifies the number of s-vectors (or y-vectors)\n" .
        "c         stored in the compact L-BFGS formula.\n" .
        "c       On exit col is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     v is a double precision array of dimension 2col.\n" .
        "c       On entry v specifies vector v.\n" .
        "c       On exit v is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     p is a double precision array of dimension 2col.\n" .
        "c       On entry p is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit p is the product Mv.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     info is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry info is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit info = 0       for normal return,\n" .
        "c                    = nonzero for abnormal return when the system\n" .
        "c                                to be solved by dtrsl is singular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dtrsl.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          i,k,i2\n" .
        "      double precision sum\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (col .eq. 0) return\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     PART I: solve [  D^(1/2)      O ] [ p1 ] = [ v1 ]\n" .
        "c                   [ -L*D^(-1/2)   J ] [ p2 ]   [ v2 ].\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c 	solve Jp2=v2+LD^(-1)v1.\n" .
        "      p(col + 1) = v(col + 1)\n" .
        "      do 20 i = 2, col\n" .
        "         i2 = col + i\n" .
        "         sum = 0.0d0\n" .
        "         do 10 k = 1, i - 1\n" .
        "            sum = sum + sy(i,k)*v(k)/sy(k,k)\n" .
        "  10     continue\n" .
        "         p(i2) = v(i2) + sum\n" .
        "  20  continue  \n" .
        "c     Solve the triangular system\n" .
        "      call dtrsl(wt,m,col,p(col+1),11,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     	solve D^(1/2)p1=v1.\n" .
        "      do 30 i = 1, col\n" .
        "         p(i) = v(i)/sqrt(sy(i,i))\n" .
        "  30  continue \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     PART II: solve [ -D^(1/2)   D^(-1/2)*L'  ] [ p1 ] = [ p1 ]\n" .
        "c                    [  0         J'           ] [ p2 ]   [ p2 ]. \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c       solve J^Tp2=p2. \n" .
        "      call dtrsl(wt,m,col,p(col+1),01,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c       compute p1=-D^(-1/2)(p1-D^(-1/2)L'p2)\n" .
        "c                 =-D^(-1/2)p1+D^(-1)L'p2.  \n" .
        "      do 40 i = 1, col\n" .
        "         p(i) = -p(i)/sqrt(sy(i,i))\n" .
        "  40  continue\n" .
        "      do 60 i = 1, col\n" .
        "         sum = 0.d0\n" .
        "         do 50 k = i + 1, col\n" .
        "            sum = sum + sy(k,i)*p(col+k)/sy(i,i)\n" .
        "  50     continue\n" .
        "         p(i) = p(i) + sum\n" .
        "  60  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================== The end of bmv ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine cauchy(n, x, l, u, nbd, g, iorder, iwhere, t, d, xcp, \n" .
        "     +                  m, wy, ws, sy, wt, theta, col, head, p, c, wbp, \n" .
        "     +                  v, nint, sg, yg, iprint, sbgnrm, info, epsmch)\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      integer          n, m, head, col, nint, iprint, info, \n" .
        "     +                 nbd(n), iorder(n), iwhere(n)\n" .
        "      double precision theta, epsmch,\n" .
        "     +                 x(n), l(n), u(n), g(n), t(n), d(n), xcp(n),\n" .
        "     +                 sg(m), yg(m), wy(n, col), ws(n, col), sy(m, m),\n" .
        "     +                 wt(m, m), p(2*m), c(2*m), wbp(2*m), v(2*m)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine cauchy\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     For given x, l, u, g (with sbgnrm > 0), and a limited memory\n" .
        "c       BFGS matrix B defined in terms of matrices WY, WS, WT, and\n" .
        "c       scalars head, col, and theta, this subroutine computes the\n" .
        "c       generalized Cauchy point (GCP), defined as the first local\n" .
        "c       minimizer of the quadratic\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                  Q(x + s) = g's + 1/2 s'Bs\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       along the projected gradient direction P(x-tg,l,u).\n" .
        "c       The routine returns the GCP in xcp. \n" .
        "c       \n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the dimension of the problem.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     x is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry x is the starting point for the GCP computation.\n" .
        "c       On exit x is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     l is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry l is the lower bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit l is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     u is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry u is the upper bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit u is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nbd is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry nbd represents the type of bounds imposed on the\n" .
        "c         variables, and must be specified as follows:\n" .
        "c         nbd(i)=0 if x(i) is unbounded,\n" .
        "c                1 if x(i) has only a lower bound,\n" .
        "c                2 if x(i) has both lower and upper bounds, and\n" .
        "c                3 if x(i) has only an upper bound. \n" .
        "c       On exit nbd is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     g is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry g is the gradient of f(x).  g must be a nonzero vector.\n" .
        "c       On exit g is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iorder is an integer working array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       iorder will be used to store the breakpoints in the piecewise\n" .
        "c       linear path and free variables encountered. On exit,\n" .
        "c         iorder(1),...,iorder(nleft) are indices of breakpoints\n" .
        "c                                which have not been encountered; \n" .
        "c         iorder(nleft+1),...,iorder(nbreak) are indices of\n" .
        "c                                     encountered breakpoints; and\n" .
        "c         iorder(nfree),...,iorder(n) are indices of variables which\n" .
        "c                 have no bound constraits along the search direction.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iwhere is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry iwhere indicates only the permanently fixed (iwhere=3)\n" .
        "c       or free (iwhere= -1) components of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit iwhere records the status of the current x variables.\n" .
        "c       iwhere(i)=-3  if x(i) is free and has bounds, but is not moved\n" .
        "c                 0   if x(i) is free and has bounds, and is moved\n" .
        "c                 1   if x(i) is fixed at l(i), and l(i) .ne. u(i)\n" .
        "c                 2   if x(i) is fixed at u(i), and u(i) .ne. l(i)\n" .
        "c                 3   if x(i) is always fixed, i.e.,  u(i)=x(i)=l(i)\n" .
        "c                 -1  if x(i) is always free, i.e., it has no bounds.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     t is a double precision working array of dimension n. \n" .
        "c       t will be used to store the break points.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     d is a double precision array of dimension n used to store\n" .
        "c       the Cauchy direction P(x-tg)-x.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     xcp is a double precision array of dimension n used to return the\n" .
        "c       GCP on exit.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric corrections \n" .
        "c         used to define the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ws, wy, sy, and wt are double precision arrays.\n" .
        "c       On entry they store information that defines the\n" .
        "c                             limited memory BFGS matrix:\n" .
        "c         ws(n,m) stores S, a set of s-vectors;\n" .
        "c         wy(n,m) stores Y, a set of y-vectors;\n" .
        "c         sy(m,m) stores S'Y;\n" .
        "c         wt(m,m) stores the\n" .
        "c                 Cholesky factorization of (theta*S'S+LD^(-1)L').\n" .
        "c       On exit these arrays are unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     theta is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry theta is the scaling factor specifying B_0 = theta I.\n" .
        "c       On exit theta is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     col is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry col is the actual number of variable metric\n" .
        "c         corrections stored so far.\n" .
        "c       On exit col is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     head is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry head is the location of the first s-vector (or y-vector)\n" .
        "c         in S (or Y).\n" .
        "c       On exit col is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     p is a double precision working array of dimension 2m.\n" .
        "c       p will be used to store the vector p = W^(T)d.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     c is a double precision working array of dimension 2m.\n" .
        "c       c will be used to store the vector c = W^(T)(xcp-x).\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wbp is a double precision working array of dimension 2m.\n" .
        "c       wbp will be used to store the row of W corresponding\n" .
        "c         to a breakpoint.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     v is a double precision working array of dimension 2m.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nint is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On exit nint records the number of quadratic segments explored\n" .
        "c         in searching for the GCP.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     sg and yg are double precision arrays of dimension m.\n" .
        "c       On entry sg  and yg store S'g and Y'g correspondingly.\n" .
        "c       On exit they are unchanged. \n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c     iprint is an INTEGER variable that must be set by the user.\n" .
        "c       It controls the frequency and type of output generated:\n" .
        "c        iprint<0    no output is generated;\n" .
        "c        iprint=0    print only one line at the last iteration;\n" .
        "c        0<iprint<99 print also f and |proj g| every iprint iterations;\n" .
        "c        iprint=99   print details of every iteration except n-vectors;\n" .
        "c        iprint=100  print also the changes of active set and final x;\n" .
        "c        iprint>100  print details of every iteration including x and g;\n" .
        "c       When iprint > 0, the file iterate.dat will be created to\n" .
        "c                        summarize the iteration.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     sbgnrm is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry sbgnrm is the norm of the projected gradient at x.\n" .
        "c       On exit sbgnrm is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     info is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry info is 0.\n" .
        "c       On exit info = 0       for normal return,\n" .
        "c                    = nonzero for abnormal return when the the system\n" .
        "c                              used in routine bmv is singular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c       L-BFGS-B Library ... hpsolb, bmv.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dscal dcopy, daxpy.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [1] R. H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal and C. Zhu, ``A limited\n" .
        "c       memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization'',\n" .
        "c       SIAM J. Scientific Computing 16 (1995), no. 5, pp. 1190--1208.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [2] C. Zhu, R.H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal, ``L-BFGS-B: FORTRAN\n" .
        "c       Subroutines for Large Scale Bound Constrained Optimization''\n" .
        "c       Tech. Report, NAM-11, EECS Department, Northwestern University,\n" .
        "c       1994.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       (Postscript files of these papers are available via anonymous\n" .
        "c        ftp to eecs.nwu.edu in the directory pub/lbfgs/lbfgs_bcm.)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      logical          xlower,xupper,bnded\n" .
        "      integer          i,j,col2,nfree,nbreak,pointr,\n" .
        "     +                 ibp,nleft,ibkmin,iter\n" .
        "      double precision f1,f2,dt,dtm,tsum,dibp,zibp,dibp2,bkmin,\n" .
        "     +                 tu,tl,wmc,wmp,wmw,ddot,tj,tj0,neggi,sbgnrm,\n" .
        "     +                 f2_org\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Check the status of the variables, reset iwhere(i) if necessary;\n" .
        "c       compute the Cauchy direction d and the breakpoints t; initialize\n" .
        "c       the derivative f1 and the vector p = W'd (for theta = 1).\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (sbgnrm .le. zero) then\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 0) write (6,*) 'Subgnorm = 0.  GCP = X.'\n" .
        "         call dcopy(n,x,1,xcp,1)\n" .
        "	 return\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "      bnded = .true.\n" .
        "      nfree = n + 1\n" .
        "      nbreak = 0\n" .
        "      ibkmin = 0\n" .
        "      bkmin = zero\n" .
        "      col2 = 2*col\n" .
        "      f1 = zero\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,3010)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     We set p to zero and build it up as we determine d.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 20 i = 1, col2\n" .
        "         p(i) = zero\n" .
        "  20  continue \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     In the following loop we determine for each variable its bound\n" .
        "c        status and its breakpoint, and update p accordingly.\n" .
        "c        Smallest breakpoint is identified.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 50 i = 1, n \n" .
        "         neggi = -g(i)      \n" .
        "         if (iwhere(i) .ne. 3 .and. iwhere(i) .ne. -1) then\n" .
        "c             if x(i) is not a constant and has bounds,\n" .
        "c             compute the difference between x(i) and its bounds.\n" .
        "            if (nbd(i) .le. 2) tl = x(i) - l(i)\n" .
        "            if (nbd(i) .ge. 2) tu = u(i) - x(i)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           If a variable is close enough to a bound\n" .
        "c             we treat it as at bound.\n" .
        "            xlower = nbd(i) .le. 2 .and. tl .le. zero\n" .
        "            xupper = nbd(i) .ge. 2 .and. tu .le. zero\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c              reset iwhere(i).\n" .
        "            iwhere(i) = 0\n" .
        "            if (xlower) then\n" .
        "               if (neggi .le. zero) iwhere(i) = 1\n" .
        "            else if (xupper) then\n" .
        "               if (neggi .ge. zero) iwhere(i) = 2\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "               if (abs(neggi) .le. zero) iwhere(i) = -3\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif \n" .
        "         pointr = head\n" .
        "         if (iwhere(i) .ne. 0 .and. iwhere(i) .ne. -1) then\n" .
        "            d(i) = zero\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            d(i) = neggi\n" .
        "            f1 = f1 - neggi*neggi\n" .
        "c             calculate p := p - W'e_i* (g_i).\n" .
        "            do 40 j = 1, col\n" .
        "               p(j) = p(j) +  wy(i,pointr)* neggi\n" .
        "               p(col + j) = p(col + j) + ws(i,pointr)*neggi\n" .
        "               pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  40        continue \n" .
        "            if (nbd(i) .le. 2 .and. nbd(i) .ne. 0\n" .
        "     +                        .and. neggi .lt. zero) then\n" .
        "c                                 x(i) + d(i) is bounded; compute t(i).\n" .
        "               nbreak = nbreak + 1\n" .
        "               iorder(nbreak) = i\n" .
        "               t(nbreak) = tl/(-neggi)\n" .
        "	       if (nbreak .eq. 1 .or. t(nbreak) .lt. bkmin) then\n" .
        "		  bkmin = t(nbreak)\n" .
        "		  ibkmin = nbreak\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "            else if (nbd(i) .ge. 2 .and. neggi .gt. zero) then\n" .
        "c                                 x(i) + d(i) is bounded; compute t(i).\n" .
        "               nbreak = nbreak + 1\n" .
        "               iorder(nbreak) = i\n" .
        "               t(nbreak) = tu/neggi\n" .
        "	       if (nbreak .eq. 1 .or. t(nbreak) .lt. bkmin) then\n" .
        "		  bkmin = t(nbreak)\n" .
        "		  ibkmin = nbreak\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "c                x(i) + d(i) is not bounded.\n" .
        "               nfree = nfree - 1\n" .
        "               iorder(nfree) = i\n" .
        "               if (abs(neggi) .gt. zero) bnded = .false.\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  50  continue \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     The indices of the nonzero components of d are now stored\n" .
        "c       in iorder(1),...,iorder(nbreak) and iorder(nfree),...,iorder(n).\n" .
        "c       The smallest of the nbreak breakpoints is in t(ibkmin)=bkmin.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (theta .ne. one) then\n" .
        "c                   complete the initialization of p for theta not= one.\n" .
        "         call dscal(col,theta,p(col+1),1)\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Initialize GCP xcp = x.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call dcopy(n,x,1,xcp,1)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (nbreak .eq. 0 .and. nfree .eq. n + 1) then\n" .
        "c                  is a zero vector, return with the initial xcp as GCP.\n" .
        "         if (iprint .gt. 100) write (6,1010) (xcp(i), i = 1, n)\n" .
        "         return\n" .
        "      endif    \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Initialize c = W'(xcp - x) = 0.\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "      do 60 j = 1, col2\n" .
        "         c(j) = zero\n" .
        "  60  continue \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Initialize derivative f2.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      f2 =  -theta*f1 \n" .
        "      f2_org  =  f2\n" .
        "      if (col .gt. 0) then\n" .
        "     	 call bmv(m,sy,wt,col,p,v,info)\n" .
        "	 if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        "     	 f2 = f2 - ddot(col2,v,1,p,1)\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      dtm = -f1/f2\n" .
        "      tsum = zero\n" .
        "      nint = 1\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) \n" .
        "     +   write (6,*) 'There are ',nbreak,'  breakpoints '\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     If there are no breakpoints, locate the GCP and return. \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (nbreak .eq. 0) goto 888\n" .
        "             \n" .
        "      nleft = nbreak\n" .
        "      iter = 1\n" .
        " \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      tj = zero\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c------------------- the beginning of the loop -------------------------\n" .
        " \n" .
        " 777  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Find the next smallest breakpoint;\n" .
        "c       compute dt = t(nleft) - t(nleft + 1).\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      tj0 = tj\n" .
        "      if (iter .eq. 1) then\n" .
        "c         Since we already have the smallest breakpoint we need not do\n" .
        "c         heapsort yet. Often only one breakpoint is used and the\n" .
        "c         cost of heapsort is avoided.\n" .
        "	 tj = bkmin\n" .
        "	 ibp = iorder(ibkmin)\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         if (iter .eq. 2) then\n" .
        "c             Replace the already used smallest breakpoint with the\n" .
        "c             breakpoint numbered nbreak > nlast, before heapsort call.\n" .
        "            if (ibkmin .ne. nbreak) then\n" .
        "               t(ibkmin) = t(nbreak)\n" .
        "	       iorder(ibkmin) = iorder(nbreak)\n" .
        "            endif \n" .
        "c        Update heap structure of breakpoints\n" .
        "c           (if iter=2, initialize heap).\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         call hpsolb(nleft,t,iorder,iter-2)\n" .
        "         tj = t(nleft)\n" .
        "         ibp = iorder(nleft)  \n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "	 \n" .
        "      dt = tj - tj0\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (dt .ne. zero .and. iprint .ge. 100) then\n" .
        "         write (6,4011) nint,f1,f2\n" .
        "         write (6,5010) dt\n" .
        "         write (6,6010) dtm\n" .
        "      endif	     \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     If a minimizer is within this interval, locate the GCP and return. \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (dtm .lt. dt) goto 888\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Otherwise fix one variable and\n" .
        "c       reset the corresponding component of d to zero.\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "      tsum = tsum + dt\n" .
        "      nleft = nleft - 1\n" .
        "      iter = iter + 1\n" .
        "      dibp = d(ibp)\n" .
        "      d(ibp) = zero\n" .
        "      if (dibp .gt. zero) then\n" .
        "	 zibp = u(ibp) - x(ibp)\n" .
        "	 xcp(ibp) = u(ibp)\n" .
        "         iwhere(ibp) = 2\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "	 zibp = l(ibp) - x(ibp)\n" .
        "	 xcp(ibp) = l(ibp)\n" .
        "         iwhere(ibp) = 1\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 100) write (6,*) 'Variable  ',ibp,'  is fixed.'\n" .
        "      if (nleft .eq. 0 .and. nbreak .eq. n) then\n" .
        "c                                             all n variables are fixed,\n" .
        "c                                                return with xcp as GCP.\n" .
        "	 dtm = dt\n" .
        "	 goto 999\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Update the derivative information.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      nint = nint + 1\n" .
        "      dibp2 = dibp**2\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Update f1 and f2.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c        temporarily set f1 and f2 for col=0.\n" .
        "      f1 = f1 + dt*f2 + dibp2 - theta*dibp*zibp\n" .
        "      f2 = f2 - theta*dibp2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (col .gt. 0) then\n" .
        "c                          update c = c + dt*p.\n" .
        "	 call daxpy(col2,dt,p,1,c,1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           choose wbp,\n" .
        "c           the row of W corresponding to the breakpoint encountered.\n" .
        "      	 pointr = head\n" .
        "         do 70 j = 1,col\n" .
        "	    wbp(j) = wy(ibp,pointr)\n" .
        "	    wbp(col + j) = theta*ws(ibp,pointr)\n" .
        "            pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  70     continue \n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           compute (wbp)Mc, (wbp)Mp, and (wbp)M(wbp)'.\n" .
        "         call bmv(m,sy,wt,col,wbp,v,info)\n" .
        "	 if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        "	 wmc = ddot(col2,c,1,v,1)\n" .
        "	 wmp = ddot(col2,p,1,v,1) \n" .
        "	 wmw = ddot(col2,wbp,1,v,1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           update p = p - dibp*wbp. \n" .
        "       	 call daxpy(col2,-dibp,wbp,1,p,1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c           complete updating f1 and f2 while col > 0.\n" .
        "      	 f1 = f1 + dibp*wmc\n" .
        "      	 f2 = f2 + 2.0d0*dibp*wmp - dibp2*wmw\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      f2 = max(epsmch*f2_org,f2)\n" .
        "      if (nleft .gt. 0) then\n" .
        "         dtm = -f1/f2\n" .
        "         goto 777\n" .
        "c                 to repeat the loop for unsearched intervals. \n" .
        "      else if(bnded) then\n" .
        "      	 f1 = zero\n" .
        "      	 f2 = zero\n" .
        "	 dtm = zero\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         dtm = -f1/f2\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "c------------------- the end of the loop -------------------------------\n" .
        " \n" .
        " 888  continue\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) then\n" .
        "         write (6,*)\n" .
        "         write (6,*) 'GCP found in this segment'\n" .
        "         write (6,4010) nint,f1,f2\n" .
        "         write (6,6010) dtm\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "      if (dtm .le. zero) dtm = zero\n" .
        "      tsum = tsum + dtm\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Move free variables (i.e., the ones w/o breakpoints) and \n" .
        "c       the variables whose breakpoints haven't been reached.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      call daxpy(n,tsum,d,1,xcp,1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        " 999  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Update c = c + dtm*p = W'(x^c - x) \n" .
        "c       which will be used in computing r = Z'(B(x^c - x) + g).\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (col .gt. 0) call daxpy(col2,dtm,p,1,c,1)\n" .
        "      if (iprint .gt. 100) write (6,1010) (xcp(i),i = 1,n)\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,2010)\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1010 format ('Cauchy X =  ',/,(4x,1p,6(1x,d11.4)))\n" .
        " 2010 format (/,'---------------- exit CAUCHY----------------------',/)\n" .
        " 3010 format (/,'---------------- CAUCHY entered-------------------')\n" .
        " 4010 format ('Piece    ',i3,' --f1, f2 at start point ',1p,2(1x,d11.4))\n" .
        " 4011 format (/,'Piece    ',i3,' --f1, f2 at start point ',\n" .
        "     +        1p,2(1x,d11.4))\n" .
        " 5010 format ('Distance to the next break point =  ',1p,d11.4)\n" .
        " 6010 format ('Distance to the stationary point =  ',1p,d11.4) \n" .
        " \n" .
        "      return\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c====================== The end of cauchy ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine cmprlb(n, m, x, g, ws, wy, sy, wt, z, r, wa, index, \n" .
        "     +                 theta, col, head, nfree, cnstnd, info)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      logical          cnstnd\n" .
        "      integer          n, m, col, head, nfree, info, index(n)\n" .
        "      double precision theta, \n" .
        "     +                 x(n), g(n), z(n), r(n), wa(4*m), \n" .
        "     +                 ws(n, m), wy(n, m), sy(m, m), wt(m, m)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine cmprlb \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       This subroutine computes r=-Z'B(xcp-xk)-Z'g by using \n" .
        "c         wa(2m+1)=W'(xcp-x) from subroutine cauchy.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       L-BFGS-B Library ... bmv.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          i,j,k,pointr\n" .
        "      double precision a1,a2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (.not. cnstnd .and. col .gt. 0) then \n" .
        "         do 26 i = 1, n\n" .
        "	    r(i) = -g(i)\n" .
        "  26     continue\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         do 30 i = 1, nfree\n" .
        "            k = index(i)\n" .
        "	    r(i) = -theta*(z(k) - x(k)) - g(k)\n" .
        "  30     continue\n" .
        "     	 call bmv(m,sy,wt,col,wa(2*m+1),wa(1),info)\n" .
        "         if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "            info = -8\n" .
        "	    return\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "     	 pointr = head \n" .
        "     	 do 34 j = 1, col\n" .
        "       	    a1 = wa(j)\n" .
        "            a2 = theta*wa(col + j)\n" .
        "	    do 32 i = 1, nfree\n" .
        "	       k = index(i)\n" .
        "	       r(i) = r(i) + wy(k,pointr)*a1 + ws(k,pointr)*a2\n" .
        "  32        continue\n" .
        "	    pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  34     continue\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of cmprlb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine errclb(n, m, factr, l, u, nbd, task, info, k)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      character*60     task\n" .
        "      integer          n, m, info, k, nbd(n)\n" .
        "      double precision factr, l(n), u(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine errclb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine checks the validity of the input data.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          i\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Check the input arguments for errors.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (n .le. 0) task = 'ERROR: N .LE. 0'\n" .
        "      if (m .le. 0) task = 'ERROR: M .LE. 0'\n" .
        "      if (factr .lt. zero) task = 'ERROR: FACTR .LT. 0'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Check the validity of the arrays nbd(i), u(i), and l(i).\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1, n\n" .
        "         if (nbd(i) .lt. 0 .or. nbd(i) .gt. 3) then\n" .
        "c                                                   return\n" .
        "            task = 'ERROR: INVALID NBD'\n" .
        "	    info = -6\n" .
        "	    k = i\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "	 if (nbd(i) .eq. 2) then\n" .
        "	    if (l(i) .gt. u(i)) then\n" .
        "c                                    return\n" .
        "               task = 'ERROR: NO FEASIBLE SOLUTION'\n" .
        "	       info = -7\n" .
        "	       k = i\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  10  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of errclb =============================\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      subroutine formk(n, nsub, ind, nenter, ileave, indx2, iupdat, \n" .
        "     +                 updatd, wn, wn1, m, ws, wy, sy, theta, col,\n" .
        "     +                 head, info)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          n, nsub, m, col, head, nenter, ileave, iupdat,\n" .
        "     +                 info, ind(n), indx2(n)\n" .
        "      double precision theta, wn(2*m, 2*m), wn1(2*m, 2*m),\n" .
        "     +                 ws(n, m), wy(n, m), sy(m, m)\n" .
        "      logical          updatd\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine formk \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine forms  the LEL^T factorization of the indefinite\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       matrix    K = [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                     [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c                                                    where E = [-I  0]\n" .
        "c                                                              [ 0  I]\n" .
        "c     The matrix K can be shown to be equal to the matrix M^[-1]N\n" .
        "c       occurring in section 5.1 of [1], as well as to the matrix\n" .
        "c       Mbar^[-1] Nbar in section 5.3.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the dimension of the problem.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nsub is an integer variable\n" .
        "c       On entry nsub is the number of subspace variables in free set.\n" .
        "c       On exit nsub is not changed.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ind is an integer array of dimension nsub.\n" .
        "c       On entry ind specifies the indices of subspace variables.\n" .
        "c       On exit ind is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nenter is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry nenter is the number of variables entering the \n" .
        "c         free set.\n" .
        "c       On exit nenter is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ileave is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry indx2(ileave),...,indx2(n) are the variables leaving\n" .
        "c         the free set.\n" .
        "c       On exit ileave is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     indx2 is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry indx2(1),...,indx2(nenter) are the variables entering\n" .
        "c         the free set, while indx2(ileave),...,indx2(n) are the\n" .
        "c         variables leaving the free set.\n" .
        "c       On exit indx2 is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iupdat is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry iupdat is the total number of BFGS updates made so far.\n" .
        "c       On exit iupdat is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     updatd is a logical variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry 'updatd' is true if the L-BFGS matrix is updatd.\n" .
        "c       On exit 'updatd' is unchanged. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wn is a double precision array of dimension 2m x 2m.\n" .
        "c       On entry wn is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit the upper triangle of wn stores the LEL^T factorization\n" .
        "c         of the 2*col x 2*col indefinite matrix\n" .
        "c                     [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                     [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wn1 is a double precision array of dimension 2m x 2m.\n" .
        "c       On entry wn1 stores the lower triangular part of \n" .
        "c                     [Y' ZZ'Y   L_a'+R_z']\n" .
        "c                     [L_a+R_z   S'AA'S   ]\n" .
        "c         in the previous iteration.\n" .
        "c       On exit wn1 stores the corresponding updated matrices.\n" .
        "c       The purpose of wn1 is just to store these inner products\n" .
        "c       so they can be easily updated and inserted into wn.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric corrections\n" .
        "c         used to define the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ws, wy, sy, and wtyy are double precision arrays;\n" .
        "c     theta is a double precision variable;\n" .
        "c     col is an integer variable;\n" .
        "c     head is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry they store the information defining the\n" .
        "c                                          limited memory BFGS matrix:\n" .
        "c         ws(n,m) stores S, a set of s-vectors;\n" .
        "c         wy(n,m) stores Y, a set of y-vectors;\n" .
        "c         sy(m,m) stores S'Y;\n" .
        "c         wtyy(m,m) stores the Cholesky factorization\n" .
        "c                                   of (theta*S'S+LD^(-1)L')\n" .
        "c         theta is the scaling factor specifying B_0 = theta I;\n" .
        "c         col is the number of variable metric corrections stored;\n" .
        "c         head is the location of the 1st s- (or y-) vector in S (or Y).\n" .
        "c       On exit they are unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     info is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry info is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit info =  0 for normal return;\n" .
        "c                    = -1 when the 1st Cholesky factorization failed;\n" .
        "c                    = -2 when the 2st Cholesky factorization failed.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dcopy, dpofa, dtrsl.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c       [1] R. H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal and C. Zhu, ``A limited\n" .
        "c       memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization'',\n" .
        "c       SIAM J. Scientific Computing 16 (1995), no. 5, pp. 1190--1208.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [2] C. Zhu, R.H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal, ``L-BFGS-B: a\n" .
        "c       limited memory FORTRAN code for solving bound constrained\n" .
        "c       optimization problems'', Tech. Report, NAM-11, EECS Department,\n" .
        "c       Northwestern University, 1994.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       (Postscript files of these papers are available via anonymous\n" .
        "c        ftp to eecs.nwu.edu in the directory pub/lbfgs/lbfgs_bcm.)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          m2,ipntr,jpntr,iy,is,jy,js,is1,js1,k1,i,k,\n" .
        "     +                 col2,pbegin,pend,dbegin,dend,upcl\n" .
        "      double precision ddot,temp1,temp2,temp3,temp4\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form the lower triangular part of\n" .
        "c               WN1 = [Y' ZZ'Y   L_a'+R_z'] \n" .
        "c                     [L_a+R_z   S'AA'S   ]\n" .
        "c        where L_a is the strictly lower triangular part of S'AA'Y\n" .
        "c              R_z is the upper triangular part of S'ZZ'Y.\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      if (updatd) then\n" .
        "         if (iupdat .gt. m) then \n" .
        "c                                 shift old part of WN1.\n" .
        "            do 10 jy = 1, m - 1\n" .
        "               js = m + jy\n" .
        "	       call dcopy(m-jy,wn1(jy+1,jy+1),1,wn1(jy,jy),1)\n" .
        " 	       call dcopy(m-jy,wn1(js+1,js+1),1,wn1(js,js),1)\n" .
        " 	       call dcopy(m-1,wn1(m+2,jy+1),1,wn1(m+1,jy),1)\n" .
        "  10        continue\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c          put new rows in blocks (1,1), (2,1) and (2,2).\n" .
        "         pbegin = 1\n" .
        "	 pend = nsub\n" .
        "         dbegin = nsub + 1\n" .
        "	 dend = n\n" .
        "         iy = col\n" .
        "         is = m + col\n" .
        "         ipntr = head + col - 1\n" .
        "         if (ipntr .gt. m) ipntr = ipntr - m	\n" .
        "         jpntr = head\n" .
        "         do 20 jy = 1, col\n" .
        "            js = m + jy\n" .
        "            temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp2 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp3 = zero\n" .
        "c             compute element jy of row 'col' of Y'ZZ'Y\n" .
        "	    do 15 k = pbegin, pend\n" .
        "	       k1 = ind(k)\n" .
        "	       temp1 = temp1 + wy(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  15        continue\n" .
        "c             compute elements jy of row 'col' of L_a and S'AA'S\n" .
        "	    do 16 k = dbegin, dend\n" .
        "	       k1 = ind(k)\n" .
        "	       temp2 = temp2 + ws(k1,ipntr)*ws(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "	       temp3 = temp3 + ws(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  16        continue\n" .
        "	    wn1(iy,jy) = temp1\n" .
        "	    wn1(is,js) = temp2\n" .
        "	    wn1(is,jy) = temp3\n" .
        "            jpntr = mod(jpntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  20     continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c          put new column in block (2,1).\n" .
        "         jy = col	\n" .
        "         jpntr = head + col - 1\n" .
        "         if (jpntr .gt. m) jpntr = jpntr - m\n" .
        "         ipntr = head\n" .
        "         do 30 i = 1, col\n" .
        "            is = m + i\n" .
        "	    temp3 = zero\n" .
        "c             compute element i of column 'col' of R_z\n" .
        "	    do 25 k = pbegin, pend\n" .
        "	       k1 = ind(k)\n" .
        "	       temp3 = temp3 + ws(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  25        continue \n" .
        "	    ipntr = mod(ipntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "            wn1(is,jy) = temp3\n" .
        "  30     continue\n" .
        "	 upcl = col - 1\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         upcl = col\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c       modify the old parts in blocks (1,1) and (2,2) due to changes\n" .
        "c       in the set of free variables.\n" .
        "      ipntr = head	\n" .
        "      do 45 iy = 1, upcl\n" .
        "         is = m + iy\n" .
        "	 jpntr = head\n" .
        "      	 do 40 jy = 1, iy\n" .
        "	    js = m + jy\n" .
        "	    temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp2 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp3 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp4 = zero\n" .
        "	    do 35 k = 1, nenter\n" .
        "	       k1 = indx2(k)\n" .
        "	       temp1 = temp1 + wy(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "	       temp2 = temp2 + ws(k1,ipntr)*ws(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  35        continue\n" .
        "	    do 36 k = ileave, n\n" .
        "	       k1 = indx2(k)\n" .
        "	       temp3 = temp3 + wy(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "	       temp4 = temp4 + ws(k1,ipntr)*ws(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  36        continue\n" .
        "	    wn1(iy,jy) = wn1(iy,jy) + temp1 - temp3 \n" .
        "	    wn1(is,js) = wn1(is,js) - temp2 + temp4 \n" .
        "	    jpntr = mod(jpntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  40     continue\n" .
        "         ipntr = mod(ipntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  45  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c       modify the old parts in block (2,1).\n" .
        "      ipntr = head      \n" .
        "      do 60 is = m + 1, m + upcl\n" .
        "         jpntr = head \n" .
        "         do 55 jy = 1, upcl\n" .
        "            temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	    temp3 = zero\n" .
        "	    do 50 k = 1, nenter\n" .
        "	       k1 = indx2(k)\n" .
        "	       temp1 = temp1 + ws(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  50	    continue\n" .
        "	    do 51 k = ileave, n\n" .
        "	       k1 = indx2(k)\n" .
        "	       temp3 = temp3 + ws(k1,ipntr)*wy(k1,jpntr)\n" .
        "  51	    continue\n" .
        "         if (is .le. jy + m) then\n" .
        "	       wn1(is,jy) = wn1(is,jy) + temp1 - temp3  \n" .
        "	    else\n" .
        "	       wn1(is,jy) = wn1(is,jy) - temp1 + temp3  \n" .
        "	    endif\n" .
        "	    jpntr = mod(jpntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  55     continue\n" .
        "         ipntr = mod(ipntr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  60  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Form the upper triangle of WN = [D+Y' ZZ'Y/theta   -L_a'+R_z' ] \n" .
        "c                                     [-L_a +R_z        S'AA'S*theta]\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      m2 = 2*m\n" .
        "      do 70 iy = 1, col\n" .
        "	 is = col + iy\n" .
        "	 is1 = m + iy\n" .
        "      	 do 65 jy = 1, iy\n" .
        "	    js = col + jy\n" .
        "            js1 = m + jy\n" .
        " 	    wn(jy,iy) = wn1(iy,jy)/theta\n" .
        " 	    wn(js,is) = wn1(is1,js1)*theta\n" .
        "  65     continue\n" .
        "      	 do 66 jy = 1, iy - 1\n" .
        " 	    wn(jy,is) = -wn1(is1,jy)\n" .
        "  66     continue\n" .
        "      	 do 67 jy = iy, col\n" .
        " 	    wn(jy,is) = wn1(is1,jy)\n" .
        "  67     continue\n" .
        " 	 wn(iy,iy) = wn(iy,iy) + sy(iy,iy)\n" .
        "  70  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form the upper triangle of WN= [  LL'            L^-1(-L_a'+R_z')] \n" .
        "c                                    [(-L_a +R_z)L'^-1   S'AA'S*theta  ]\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        first Cholesky factor (1,1) block of wn to get LL'\n" .
        "c                          with L' stored in the upper triangle of wn.\n" .
        "      call dpofa(wn,m2,col,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "	 info = -1\n" .
        "	 return\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "c        then form L^-1(-L_a'+R_z') in the (1,2) block.\n" .
        "      col2 = 2*col\n" .
        "      do 71 js = col+1 ,col2\n" .
        "         call dtrsl(wn,m2,col,wn(1,js),11,info)\n" .
        "  71  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form S'AA'S*theta + (L^-1(-L_a'+R_z'))'L^-1(-L_a'+R_z') in the\n" .
        "c        upper triangle of (2,2) block of wn.\n" .
        "                      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 72 is = col+1, col2\n" .
        "         do 74 js = is, col2\n" .
        "	       wn(is,js) = wn(is,js) + ddot(col,wn(1,is),1,wn(1,js),1)\n" .
        "  74        continue\n" .
        "  72     continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Cholesky factorization of (2,2) block of wn.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call dpofa(wn(col+1,col+1),m2,col,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "	 info = -2\n" .
        "	 return\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of formk ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine formt(m, wt, sy, ss, col, theta, info)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          m, col, info\n" .
        "      double precision theta, wt(m, m), sy(m, m), ss(m, m)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine formt\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       This subroutine forms the upper half of the pos. def. and symm.\n" .
        "c         T = theta*SS + L*D^(-1)*L', stores T in the upper triangle\n" .
        "c         of the array wt, and performs the Cholesky factorization of T\n" .
        "c         to produce J*J', with J' stored in the upper triangle of wt.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dpofa.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          i,j,k,k1\n" .
        "      double precision ddum\n" .
        "      double precision zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Form the upper half of  T = theta*SS + L*D^(-1)*L',\n" .
        "c        store T in the upper triangle of the array wt.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      do 52 j = 1, col\n" .
        "      	 wt(1,j) = theta*ss(1,j)\n" .
        "  52  continue\n" .
        "      do 55 i = 2, col\n" .
        "	 do 54 j = i, col\n" .
        "            k1 = min(i,j) - 1\n" .
        "            ddum  = zero\n" .
        "            do 53 k = 1, k1\n" .
        "               ddum  = ddum + sy(i,k)*sy(j,k)/sy(k,k)\n" .
        "  53        continue\n" .
        "            wt(i,j) = ddum + theta*ss(i,j)\n" .
        "  54     continue\n" .
        "  55  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Cholesky factorize T to J*J' with \n" .
        "c        J' stored in the upper triangle of wt.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      call dpofa(wt,m,col,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "         info = -3\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of formt ==============================\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      subroutine freev(n, nfree, index, nenter, ileave, indx2, \n" .
        "     +                 iwhere, wrk, updatd, cnstnd, iprint, iter)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer n, nfree, nenter, ileave, iprint, iter, \n" .
        "     +        index(n), indx2(n), iwhere(n)\n" .
        "      logical wrk, updatd, cnstnd\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine freev \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine counts the entering and leaving variables when\n" .
        "c       iter > 0, and finds the index set of free and active variables\n" .
        "c       at the GCP.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     cnstnd is a logical variable indicating whether bounds are present\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     index is an integer array of dimension n\n" .
        "c       for i=1,...,nfree, index(i) are the indices of free variables\n" .
        "c       for i=nfree+1,...,n, index(i) are the indices of bound variables\n" .
        "c       On entry after the first iteration, index gives \n" .
        "c         the free variables at the previous iteration.\n" .
        "c       On exit it gives the free variables based on the determination\n" .
        "c         in cauchy using the array iwhere.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     indx2 is an integer array of dimension n\n" .
        "c       On entry indx2 is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit with iter>0, indx2 indicates which variables\n" .
        "c          have changed status since the previous iteration.\n" .
        "c       For i= 1,...,nenter, indx2(i) have changed from bound to free.\n" .
        "c       For i= ileave+1,...,n, indx2(i) have changed from free to bound.\n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer iact,i,k\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      nenter = 0\n" .
        "      ileave = n + 1\n" .
        "      if (iter .gt. 0 .and. cnstnd) then\n" .
        "c                           count the entering and leaving variables.\n" .
        "	 do 20 i = 1, nfree\n" .
        "	    k = index(i)\n" .
        "	    if (iwhere(k) .gt. 0) then\n" .
        "	       ileave = ileave - 1\n" .
        "	       indx2(ileave) = k\n" .
        "	       if (iprint .ge. 100) write (6,*)\n" .
        "     +             'Variable ',k,' leaves the set of free variables'\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "  20     continue\n" .
        "	 do 22 i = 1 + nfree, n\n" .
        "	    k = index(i)\n" .
        "	    if (iwhere(k) .le. 0) then\n" .
        "	       nenter = nenter + 1\n" .
        "	       indx2(nenter) = k\n" .
        "	       if (iprint .ge. 100) write (6,*)\n" .
        "     +             'Variable ',k,' enters the set of free variables'\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "  22     continue\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,*)\n" .
        "     +       n+1-ileave,' variables leave; ',nenter,' variables enter'\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      wrk = (ileave .lt. n+1) .or. (nenter .gt. 0) .or. updatd\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Find the index set of free and active variables at the GCP.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      nfree = 0 \n" .
        "      iact = n + 1\n" .
        "      do 24 i = 1, n\n" .
        "	 if (iwhere(i) .le. 0) then\n" .
        "	    nfree = nfree + 1\n" .
        "	    index(nfree) = i\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            iact = iact - 1\n" .
        "            index(iact) = i\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  24  continue\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,*)\n" .
        "     +      nfree,' variables are free at GCP ',iter + 1  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of freev ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine hpsolb(n, t, iorder, iheap)\n" .
        "      integer          iheap, n, iorder(n)\n" .
        "      double precision t(n)\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine hpsolb \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine sorts out the least element of t, and puts the\n" .
        "c       remaining elements of t in a heap.\n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the dimension of the arrays t and iorder.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     t is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry t stores the elements to be sorted,\n" .
        "c       On exit t(n) stores the least elements of t, and t(1) to t(n-1)\n" .
        "c         stores the remaining elements in the form of a heap.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iorder is an integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry iorder(i) is the index of t(i).\n" .
        "c       On exit iorder(i) is still the index of t(i), but iorder may be\n" .
        "c         permuted in accordance with t.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iheap is an integer variable specifying the task.\n" .
        "c       On entry iheap should be set as follows:\n" .
        "c         iheap .eq. 0 if t(1) to t(n) is not in the form of a heap,\n" .
        "c         iheap .ne. 0 if otherwise.\n" .
        "c       On exit iheap is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c       Algorithm 232 of CACM (J. W. J. Williams): HEAPSORT.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "  \n" .
        "      integer          i,j,k,indxin,indxou\n" .
        "      double precision ddum,out\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (iheap .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Rearrange the elements t(1) to t(n) to form a heap.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         do 20 k = 2, n\n" .
        "            ddum  = t(k)\n" .
        "            indxin = iorder(k)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           Add ddum to the heap.\n" .
        "            i = k\n" .
        "   10       continue\n" .
        "            if (i.gt.1) then\n" .
        "               j = i/2\n" .
        "               if (ddum .lt. t(j)) then\n" .
        "                  t(i) = t(j)\n" .
        "                  iorder(i) = iorder(j)\n" .
        "                  i = j\n" .
        "                  goto 10 \n" .
        "               endif  \n" .
        "            endif  \n" .
        "            t(i) = ddum\n" .
        "            iorder(i) = indxin\n" .
        "   20    continue\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Assign to 'out' the value of t(1), the least member of the heap,\n" .
        "c        and rearrange the remaining members to form a heap as\n" .
        "c        elements 1 to n-1 of t.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (n .gt. 1) then\n" .
        "         i = 1\n" .
        "         out = t(1)\n" .
        "         indxou = iorder(1)\n" .
        "         ddum  = t(n)\n" .
        "         indxin  = iorder(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Restore the heap \n" .
        "   30    continue\n" .
        "         j = i+i\n" .
        "         if (j .le. n-1) then\n" .
        "            if (t(j+1) .lt. t(j)) j = j+1\n" .
        "            if (t(j) .lt. ddum ) then\n" .
        "               t(i) = t(j)\n" .
        "               iorder(i) = iorder(j)\n" .
        "               i = j\n" .
        "               goto 30\n" .
        "            endif \n" .
        "         endif \n" .
        "         t(i) = ddum\n" .
        "         iorder(i) = indxin\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Put the least member in t(n). \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         t(n) = out\n" .
        "         iorder(n) = indxou\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c====================== The end of hpsolb ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine lnsrlb(n, l, u, nbd, x, f, fold, gd, gdold, g, d, r, t,\n" .
        "     +                  z, stp, dnorm, dtd, xstep, stpmx, iter, ifun,\n" .
        "     +                  iback, nfgv, info, task, boxed, cnstnd, csave,\n" .
        "     +                  isave, dsave)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      character*60     task, csave\n" .
        "      logical          boxed, cnstnd\n" .
        "      integer          n, iter, ifun, iback, nfgv, info,\n" .
        "     +                 nbd(n), isave(2)\n" .
        "      double precision f, fold, gd, gdold, stp, dnorm, dtd, xstep,\n" .
        "     +                 stpmx, x(n), l(n), u(n), g(n), d(n), r(n), t(n),\n" .
        "     +                 z(n), dsave(13)\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine lnsrlb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine calls subroutine dcsrch from the Minpack2 library\n" .
        "c       to perform the line search.  Subroutine dscrch is safeguarded so\n" .
        "c       that all trial points lie within the feasible region.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Minpack2 Library ... dcsrch.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dtrsl, ddot.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          i\n" .
        "      double           precision ddot,a1,a2\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero,big\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0,big=1.0d+10)\n" .
        "      double precision ftol,gtol,xtol\n" .
        "      parameter        (ftol=1.0d-3,gtol=0.9d0,xtol=0.1d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (task(1:5) .eq. 'FG_LN') goto 556\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      dtd = ddot(n,d,1,d,1)\n" .
        "      dnorm = sqrt(dtd)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Determine the maximum step length.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      stpmx = big\n" .
        "      if (cnstnd) then\n" .
        "         if (iter .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "            stpmx = one\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            do 43 i = 1, n\n" .
        "               a1 = d(i)\n" .
        "               if (nbd(i) .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "                  if (a1 .lt. zero .and. nbd(i) .le. 2) then\n" .
        "                     a2 = l(i) - x(i)\n" .
        "                     if (a2 .ge. zero) then\n" .
        "                        stpmx = zero\n" .
        "                     else if (a1*stpmx .lt. a2) then\n" .
        "                        stpmx = a2/a1\n" .
        "                     endif\n" .
        "                  else if (a1 .gt. zero .and. nbd(i) .ge. 2) then\n" .
        "                     a2 = u(i) - x(i)\n" .
        "                     if (a2 .le. zero) then\n" .
        "                        stpmx = zero\n" .
        "                     else if (a1*stpmx .gt. a2) then\n" .
        "                        stpmx = a2/a1\n" .
        "                     endif\n" .
        "                  endif\n" .
        "               endif\n" .
        "  43        continue\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (iter .eq. 0 .and. .not. boxed) then\n" .
        "         stp = min(one/dnorm, stpmx)\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "	 stp = one\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call dcopy(n,x,1,t,1)\n" .
        "      call dcopy(n,g,1,r,1)\n" .
        "      fold = f\n" .
        "      ifun = 0\n" .
        "      iback = 0\n" .
        "      csave = 'START'\n" .
        " 556  continue\n" .
        "      gd = ddot(n,g,1,d,1)\n" .
        "      if (ifun .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "	 gdold=gd\n" .
        "         if (gd .ge. zero) then\n" .
        "c                               the directional derivative >=0.\n" .
        "c                               Line search is impossible.\n" .
        "            info = -4\n" .
        "            return\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call dcsrch(f,gd,stp,ftol,gtol,xtol,zero,stpmx,csave,isave,dsave)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      xstep = stp*dnorm\n" .
        "      if (csave(1:4) .ne. 'CONV' .and. csave(1:4) .ne. 'WARN') then\n" .
        "	 task = 'FG_LNSRCH'\n" .
        "	 ifun = ifun + 1\n" .
        "         nfgv = nfgv + 1\n" .
        "         iback = ifun - 1 \n" .
        "         if (stp .eq. one) then\n" .
        "            call dcopy(n,z,1,x,1)\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            do 41 i = 1, n\n" .
        "	       x(i) = stp*d(i) + t(i)\n" .
        "  41        continue\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         task = 'NEW_X'\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of lnsrlb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine matupd(n, m, ws, wy, sy, ss, d, r, itail, \n" .
        "     +                  iupdat, col, head, theta, rr, dr, stp, dtd)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          n, m, itail, iupdat, col, head\n" .
        "      double precision theta, rr, dr, stp, dtd, d(n), r(n), \n" .
        "     +                 ws(n, m), wy(n, m), sy(m, m), ss(m, m)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine matupd\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       This subroutine updates matrices WS and WY, and forms the\n" .
        "c         middle matrix in B.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack ... dcopy, ddot.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          j,pointr\n" .
        "      double precision ddot\n" .
        "      double precision one\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Set pointers for matrices WS and WY.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (iupdat .le. m) then\n" .
        "	 col = iupdat\n" .
        "	 itail = mod(head+iupdat-2,m) + 1\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "	 itail = mod(itail,m) + 1\n" .
        "	 head = mod(head,m) + 1\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Update matrices WS and WY.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      call dcopy(n,d,1,ws(1,itail),1)\n" .
        "      call dcopy(n,r,1,wy(1,itail),1)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Set theta=yy/ys.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      theta = rr/dr\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Form the middle matrix in B.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c        update the upper triangle of SS,\n" .
        "c                                         and the lower triangle of SY:\n" .
        "      if (iupdat .gt. m) then\n" .
        "c                              move old information\n" .
        "         do 50 j = 1, col - 1\n" .
        "            call dcopy(j,ss(2,j+1),1,ss(1,j),1)\n" .
        "            call dcopy(col-j,sy(j+1,j+1),1,sy(j,j),1)\n" .
        "  50     continue\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "c        add new information: the last row of SY\n" .
        "c                                             and the last column of SS:\n" .
        "      pointr = head\n" .
        "      do 51 j = 1, col - 1\n" .
        "	 sy(col,j) = ddot(n,d,1,wy(1,pointr),1)\n" .
        "	 ss(j,col) = ddot(n,ws(1,pointr),1,d,1)\n" .
        "         pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  51  continue\n" .
        "      if (stp .eq. one) then\n" .
        "         ss(col,col) = dtd\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         ss(col,col) = stp*stp*dtd\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      sy(col,col) = dr\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of matupd =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine prn1lb(n, m, l, u, x, iprint, itfile, epsmch)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer n, m, iprint, itfile\n" .
        "      double precision epsmch, x(n), l(n), u(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine prn1lb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine prints the input data, initial point, upper and\n" .
        "c       lower bounds of each variable, machine precision, as well as \n" .
        "c       the headings of the output.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer i\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 0) then\n" .
        "         write (6,7001) epsmch\n" .
        "         write (6,*) 'N = ',n,'    M = ',m\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) then\n" .
        "            write (itfile,2001) epsmch\n" .
        "            write (itfile,*)'N = ',n,'    M = ',m\n" .
        "	    write (itfile,9001)\n" .
        "            if (iprint .gt. 100) then\n" .
        "               write (6,1004) 'L =',(l(i),i = 1,n)\n" .
        "               write (6,1004) 'X0 =',(x(i),i = 1,n)\n" .
        "               write (6,1004) 'U =',(u(i),i = 1,n)\n" .
        "            endif \n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1004 format (/,a4, 1p, 6(1x,d11.4),/,(4x,1p,6(1x,d11.4)))\n" .
        " 2001 format ('RUNNING THE L-BFGS-B CODE',/,/,\n" .
        "     + 'it    = iteration number',/,\n" .
        "     + 'nf    = number of function evaluations',/,\n" .
        "     + 'nint  = number of segments explored during the Cauchy search',/,\n" .
        "     + 'nact  = number of active bounds at the generalized Cauchy point'\n" .
        "     + ,/,\n" .
        "     + 'sub   = manner in which the subspace minimization terminated:'\n" .
        "     + ,/,'        con = converged, bnd = a bound was reached',/,\n" .
        "     + 'itls  = number of iterations performed in the line search',/,\n" .
        "     + 'stepl = step length used',/,\n" .
        "     + 'tstep = norm of the displacement (total step)',/,\n" .
        "     + 'projg = norm of the projected gradient',/,\n" .
        "     + 'f     = function value',/,/,\n" .
        "     + '           * * *',/,/,\n" .
        "     + 'Machine precision =',1p,d10.3)\n" .
        " 7001 format ('RUNNING THE L-BFGS-B CODE',/,/,\n" .
        "     + '           * * *',/,/,\n" .
        "     + 'Machine precision =',1p,d10.3)\n" .
        " 9001 format (/,3x,'it',3x,'nf',2x,'nint',2x,'nact',2x,'sub',2x,'itls',\n" .
        "     +        2x,'stepl',4x,'tstep',5x,'projg',8x,'f')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of prn1lb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine prn2lb(n, x, f, g, iprint, itfile, iter, nfgv, nact, \n" .
        "     +                  sbgnrm, nint, word, iword, iback, stp, xstep)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      character*3      word\n" .
        "      integer          n, iprint, itfile, iter, nfgv, nact, nint,\n" .
        "     +                 iword, iback\n" .
        "      double precision f, sbgnrm, stp, xstep, x(n), g(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine prn2lb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine prints out new information after a successful\n" .
        "c       line search. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer i,imod\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           'word' records the status of subspace solutions.\n" .
        "      if (iword .eq. 0) then\n" .
        "c                            the subspace minimization converged.\n" .
        "	 word = 'con'\n" .
        "      else if (iword .eq. 1) then\n" .
        "c                          the subspace minimization stopped at a bound.\n" .
        "         word = 'bnd'\n" .
        "      else if (iword .eq. 5) then\n" .
        "c                             the truncated Newton step has been used.\n" .
        "	 word = 'TNT'\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         word = '---'\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) then\n" .
        "         write (6,*) 'LINE SEARCH',iback,' times; norm of step = ',xstep\n" .
        "         write (6,2001) iter,f,sbgnrm\n" .
        "         if (iprint .gt. 100) then	\n" .
        "            write (6,1004) 'X =',(x(i), i = 1, n)\n" .
        "            write (6,1004) 'G =',(g(i), i = 1, n)\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      else if (iprint .gt. 0) then \n" .
        "         imod = mod(iter,iprint)\n" .
        "         if (imod .eq. 0) write (6,2001) iter,f,sbgnrm\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 1) write (itfile,3001)\n" .
        "     +          iter,nfgv,nint,nact,word,iback,stp,xstep,sbgnrm,f\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1004 format (/,a4, 1p, 6(1x,d11.4),/,(4x,1p,6(1x,d11.4)))\n" .
        " 2001 format\n" .
        "     +  (/,'At iterate',i5,4x,'f= ',1p,d12.5,4x,'|proj g|= ',1p,d12.5)\n" .
        " 3001 format(2(1x,i4),2(1x,i5),2x,a3,1x,i4,1p,2(2x,d7.1),1p,2(1x,d10.3))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of prn2lb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine prn3lb(n, x, f, task, iprint, info, itfile, \n" .
        "     +                  iter, nfgv, nintol, nskip, nact, sbgnrm, \n" .
        "     +                  time, nint, word, iback, stp, xstep, k, \n" .
        "     +                  cachyt, sbtime, lnscht)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      character*60     task\n" .
        "      character*3      word\n" .
        "      integer          n, iprint, info, itfile, iter, nfgv, nintol,\n" .
        "     +                 nskip, nact, nint, iback, k\n" .
        "      double precision f, sbgnrm, time, stp, xstep, cachyt, sbtime,\n" .
        "     +                 lnscht, x(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine prn3lb\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine prints out information when either a built-in\n" .
        "c       convergence test is satisfied or when an error message is\n" .
        "c       generated.\n" .
        "c       \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer i\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (task(1:5) .eq. 'ERROR') goto 999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 0) then\n" .
        "         write (6,3003)\n" .
        "         write (6,3004)\n" .
        "         write(6,3005) n,iter,nfgv,nintol,nskip,nact,sbgnrm,f\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 100) then\n" .
        "            write (6,1004) 'X =',(x(i),i = 1,n)\n" .
        "         endif  \n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) write (6,*) ' F =',f\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        " 999  continue\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 0) then\n" .
        "         write (6,3009) task\n" .
        "         if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -1) write (6,9011)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -2) write (6,9012)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -3) write (6,9013)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -4) write (6,9014)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -5) write (6,9015)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -6) write (6,*)' Input nbd(',k,') is invalid.'\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -7) \n" .
        "     +	       write (6,*)' l(',k,') > u(',k,').  No feasible solution.'\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -8) write (6,9018)\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -9) write (6,9019)\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) write (6,3007) cachyt,sbtime,lnscht\n" .
        "         write (6,3008) time\n" .
        "         if (iprint .ge. 1) then\n" .
        "            if (info .eq. -4 .or. info .eq. -9) then\n" .
        "               write (itfile,3002)\n" .
        "     +             iter,nfgv,nint,nact,word,iback,stp,xstep\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            write (itfile,3009) task\n" .
        "            if (info .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -1) write (itfile,9011)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -2) write (itfile,9012)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -3) write (itfile,9013)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -4) write (itfile,9014)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -5) write (itfile,9015)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -8) write (itfile,9018)\n" .
        "               if (info .eq. -9) write (itfile,9019)\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            write (itfile,3008) time\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1004 format (/,a4, 1p, 6(1x,d11.4),/,(4x,1p,6(1x,d11.4)))\n" .
        " 3002 format(2(1x,i4),2(1x,i5),2x,a3,1x,i4,1p,2(2x,d7.1),6x,'-',10x,'-')\n" .
        " 3003 format (/,\n" .
        "     + '           * * *',/,/,\n" .
        "     + 'Tit   = total number of iterations',/,\n" .
        "     + 'Tnf   = total number of function evaluations',/,\n" .
        "     + 'Tnint = total number of segments explored during',\n" .
        "     +           ' Cauchy searches',/,\n" .
        "     + 'Skip  = number of BFGS updates skipped',/,\n" .
        "     + 'Nact  = number of active bounds at final generalized',\n" .
        "     +          ' Cauchy point',/,\n" .
        "     + 'Projg = norm of the final projected gradient',/,\n" .
        "     + 'F     = final function value',/,/,\n" .
        "     + '           * * *')\n" .
        " 3004 format (/,3x,'N',3x,'Tit',2x,'Tnf',2x,'Tnint',2x,\n" .
        "     +       'Skip',2x,'Nact',5x,'Projg',8x,'F')\n" .
        " 3005 format (i5,2(1x,i4),(1x,i6),(2x,i4),(1x,i5),1p,2(2x,d10.3))\n" .
        " 3006 format (i5,2(1x,i4),2(1x,i6),(1x,i4),(1x,i5),7x,'-',10x,'-')\n" .
        " 3007 format (/,' Cauchy                time',1p,e10.3,' seconds.',/ \n" .
        "     +        ' Subspace minimization time',1p,e10.3,' seconds.',/\n" .
        "     +        ' Line search           time',1p,e10.3,' seconds.')\n" .
        " 3008 format (/,' Total User time',1p,e10.3,' seconds.',/)\n" .
        " 3009 format (/,a60)\n" .
        " 9011 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Matrix in 1st Cholesky factorization in formk is not Pos. Def.')\n" .
        " 9012 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Matrix in 2st Cholesky factorization in formk is not Pos. Def.')\n" .
        " 9013 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Matrix in the Cholesky factorization in formt is not Pos. Def.')\n" .
        " 9014 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Derivative >= 0, backtracking line search impossible.',/,\n" .
        "     +'   Previous x, f and g restored.',/,\n" .
        "     +' Possible causes: 1 error in function or gradient evaluation;',/,\n" .
        "     +'                  2 rounding errors dominate computation.')\n" .
        " 9015 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Warning:  more than 10 function and gradient',/,\n" .
        "     +'   evaluations in the last line search.  Termination',/,\n" .
        "     +'   may possibly be caused by a bad search direction.')\n" .
        " 9018 format (/,' The triangular system is singular.')\n" .
        " 9019 format (/,\n" .
        "     +' Line search cannot locate an adequate point after 20 function',/\n" .
        "     +,'  and gradient evaluations.  Previous x, f and g restored.',/,\n" .
        "     +' Possible causes: 1 error in function or gradient evaluation;',/,\n" .
        "     +'                  2 rounding error dominate computation.')\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of prn3lb =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine projgr(n, l, u, nbd, x, g, sbgnrm)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          n, nbd(n)\n" .
        "      double precision sbgnrm, x(n), l(n), u(n), g(n)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine projgr\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine computes the infinity norm of the projected\n" .
        "c       gradient.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer i\n" .
        "      double precision gi\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      sbgnrm = zero\n" .
        "      do 15 i = 1, n\n" .
        "	gi = g(i)\n" .
        "        if (nbd(i) .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "           if (gi .lt. zero) then\n" .
        "              if (nbd(i) .ge. 2) gi = max((x(i)-u(i)),gi)\n" .
        "       	   else\n" .
        "              if (nbd(i) .le. 2) gi = min((x(i)-l(i)),gi)\n" .
        "           endif\n" .
        "        endif\n" .
        "	sbgnrm = max(sbgnrm,abs(gi))\n" .
        "  15  continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c======================= The end of projgr =============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine subsm(n, m, nsub, ind, l, u, nbd, x, d, ws, wy, theta, \n" .
        "     +                 col, head, iword, wv, wn, iprint, info)\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      integer          n, m, nsub, col, head, iword, iprint, info, \n" .
        "     +                 ind(nsub), nbd(n)\n" .
        "      double precision theta, \n" .
        "     +                 l(n), u(n), x(n), d(n), \n" .
        "     +                 ws(n, m), wy(n, m), \n" .
        "     +                 wv(2*m), wn(2*m, 2*m)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine subsm\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Given xcp, l, u, r, an index set that specifies\n" .
        "c	the active set at xcp, and an l-BFGS matrix B \n" .
        "c	(in terms of WY, WS, SY, WT, head, col, and theta), \n" .
        "c	this subroutine computes an approximate solution\n" .
        "c	of the subspace problem\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     	(P)   min Q(x) = r'(x-xcp) + 1/2 (x-xcp)' B (x-xcp)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c             subject to l<=x<=u\n" .
        "c	  	        x_i=xcp_i for all i in A(xcp)\n" .
        "c	              \n" .
        "c	along the subspace unconstrained Newton direction \n" .
        "c	\n" .
        "c	   d = -(Z'BZ)^(-1) r.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       The formula for the Newton direction, given the L-BFGS matrix\n" .
        "c       and the Sherman-Morrison formula, is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	   d = (1/theta)r + (1/theta*2) Z'WK^(-1)W'Z r.\n" .
        "c \n" .
        "c       where\n" .
        "c                 K = [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                     [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Note that this procedure for computing d differs \n" .
        "c     from that described in [1]. One can show that the matrix K is\n" .
        "c     equal to the matrix M^[-1]N in that paper.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     n is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry n is the dimension of the problem.\n" .
        "c       On exit n is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     m is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry m is the maximum number of variable metric corrections\n" .
        "c         used to define the limited memory matrix.\n" .
        "c       On exit m is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nsub is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry nsub is the number of free variables.\n" .
        "c       On exit nsub is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ind is an integer array of dimension nsub.\n" .
        "c       On entry ind specifies the coordinate indices of free variables.\n" .
        "c       On exit ind is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     l is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry l is the lower bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit l is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     u is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry u is the upper bound of x.\n" .
        "c       On exit u is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     nbd is a integer array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry nbd represents the type of bounds imposed on the\n" .
        "c         variables, and must be specified as follows:\n" .
        "c         nbd(i)=0 if x(i) is unbounded,\n" .
        "c                1 if x(i) has only a lower bound,\n" .
        "c                2 if x(i) has both lower and upper bounds, and\n" .
        "c                3 if x(i) has only an upper bound.\n" .
        "c       On exit nbd is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     x is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry x specifies the Cauchy point xcp. \n" .
        "c       On exit x(i) is the minimizer of Q over the subspace of\n" .
        "c                                                        free variables. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     d is a double precision array of dimension n.\n" .
        "c       On entry d is the reduced gradient of Q at xcp.\n" .
        "c       On exit d is the Newton direction of Q. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ws and wy are double precision arrays;\n" .
        "c     theta is a double precision variable;\n" .
        "c     col is an integer variable;\n" .
        "c     head is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry they store the information defining the\n" .
        "c                                          limited memory BFGS matrix:\n" .
        "c         ws(n,m) stores S, a set of s-vectors;\n" .
        "c         wy(n,m) stores Y, a set of y-vectors;\n" .
        "c         theta is the scaling factor specifying B_0 = theta I;\n" .
        "c         col is the number of variable metric corrections stored;\n" .
        "c         head is the location of the 1st s- (or y-) vector in S (or Y).\n" .
        "c       On exit they are unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iword is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry iword is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit iword specifies the status of the subspace solution.\n" .
        "c         iword = 0 if the solution is in the box,\n" .
        "c                 1 if some bound is encountered.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wv is a double precision working array of dimension 2m.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     wn is a double precision array of dimension 2m x 2m.\n" .
        "c       On entry the upper triangle of wn stores the LEL^T factorization\n" .
        "c         of the indefinite matrix\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c              K = [-D -Y'ZZ'Y/theta     L_a'-R_z'  ]\n" .
        "c                  [L_a -R_z           theta*S'AA'S ]\n" .
        "c                                                    where E = [-I  0]\n" .
        "c                                                              [ 0  I]\n" .
        "c       On exit wn is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     iprint is an INTEGER variable that must be set by the user.\n" .
        "c       It controls the frequency and type of output generated:\n" .
        "c        iprint<0    no output is generated;\n" .
        "c        iprint=0    print only one line at the last iteration;\n" .
        "c        0<iprint<99 print also f and |proj g| every iprint iterations;\n" .
        "c        iprint=99   print details of every iteration except n-vectors;\n" .
        "c        iprint=100  print also the changes of active set and final x;\n" .
        "c        iprint>100  print details of every iteration including x and g;\n" .
        "c       When iprint > 0, the file iterate.dat will be created to\n" .
        "c                        summarize the iteration.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     info is an integer variable.\n" .
        "c       On entry info is unspecified.\n" .
        "c       On exit info = 0       for normal return,\n" .
        "c                    = nonzero for abnormal return \n" .
        "c                                  when the matrix K is ill-conditioned.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       Linpack dtrsl.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     References:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       [1] R. H. Byrd, P. Lu, J. Nocedal and C. Zhu, ``A limited\n" .
        "c       memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization'',\n" .
        "c       SIAM J. Scientific Computing 16 (1995), no. 5, pp. 1190--1208.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                           *  *  *\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NEOS, November 1994. (Latest revision June 1996.)\n" .
        "c     Optimization Technology Center.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and Northwestern University.\n" .
        "c     Written by\n" .
        "c                        Ciyou Zhu\n" .
        "c     in collaboration with R.H. Byrd, P. Lu-Chen and J. Nocedal.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     ************\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      integer          pointr,m2,col2,ibd,jy,js,i,j,k\n" .
        "      double precision alpha,dk,temp1,temp2\n" .
        "      double precision one,zero\n" .
        "      parameter        (one=1.0d0,zero=0.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (nsub .le. 0) return\n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,1001)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Compute wv = W'Zd.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      pointr = head \n" .
        "      do 20 i = 1, col\n" .
        "     	 temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	 temp2 = zero\n" .
        "	 do 10 j = 1, nsub\n" .
        "	    k = ind(j)\n" .
        "	    temp1 = temp1 + wy(k,pointr)*d(j)\n" .
        "	    temp2 = temp2 + ws(k,pointr)*d(j)\n" .
        "  10     continue\n" .
        "	 wv(i) = temp1\n" .
        "	 wv(col + i) = theta*temp2\n" .
        "	 pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  20  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Compute wv:=K^(-1)wv.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      m2 = 2*m\n" .
        "      col2 = 2*col\n" .
        "      call dtrsl(wn,m2,col2,wv,11,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        "      do 25 i = 1, col\n" .
        "	 wv(i) = -wv(i)\n" .
        "  25     continue\n" .
        "      call dtrsl(wn,m2,col2,wv,01,info)\n" .
        "      if (info .ne. 0) return\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Compute d = (1/theta)d + (1/theta**2)Z'W wv.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      pointr = head\n" .
        "      do 40 jy = 1, col\n" .
        "         js = col + jy\n" .
        "	 do 30 i = 1, nsub\n" .
        "	    k = ind(i)\n" .
        "	    d(i) = d(i) + wy(k,pointr)*wv(jy)/theta     \n" .
        "     +                  + ws(k,pointr)*wv(js)\n" .
        "  30     continue\n" .
        "	 pointr = mod(pointr,m) + 1\n" .
        "  40  continue\n" .
        "      do 50 i = 1, nsub\n" .
        "	 d(i) = d(i)/theta\n" .
        "  50  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Backtrack to the feasible region.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      alpha = one\n" .
        "      temp1 = alpha	\n" .
        "      do 60 i = 1, nsub\n" .
        "	 k = ind(i)\n" .
        "         dk = d(i)\n" .
        "	 if (nbd(k) .ne. 0) then\n" .
        "   	    if (dk .lt. zero .and. nbd(k) .le. 2) then\n" .
        "	       temp2 = l(k) - x(k)\n" .
        "	       if (temp2 .ge. zero) then\n" .
        "		  temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	       else if (dk*alpha .lt. temp2) then\n" .
        "		  temp1 = temp2/dk\n" .
        " 	       endif\n" .
        "   	    else if (dk .gt. zero .and. nbd(k) .ge. 2) then\n" .
        "	       temp2 = u(k) - x(k)\n" .
        "	       if (temp2 .le. zero) then\n" .
        "		  temp1 = zero\n" .
        "	       else if (dk*alpha .gt. temp2) then\n" .
        "		  temp1 = temp2/dk\n" .
        " 	       endif\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            if (temp1 .lt. alpha) then\n" .
        "	       alpha = temp1\n" .
        "	       ibd = i\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "  60  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (alpha .lt. one) then\n" .
        "      	 dk = d(ibd)\n" .
        "      	 k = ind(ibd)\n" .
        "      	 if (dk .gt. zero) then\n" .
        "            x(k) = u(k)\n" .
        "            d(ibd) = zero\n" .
        "     	 else if (dk .lt. zero) then\n" .
        "            x(k) = l(k)\n" .
        "	    d(ibd) = zero\n" .
        "     	 endif\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      do 70 i = 1, nsub\n" .
        "	 k = ind(i)\n" .
        "	 x(k) = x(k) + alpha*d(i)\n" .
        "  70  continue\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) then\n" .
        "	 if (alpha .lt. one) then\n" .
        "            write (6,1002) alpha\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            write (6,*) 'SM solution inside the box'\n" .
        "	 end if	\n" .
        "	 if (iprint .gt.100) write (6,1003) (x(i),i=1,n)\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      if (alpha .lt. one) then\n" .
        "         iword = 1\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         iword = 0\n" .
        "      endif \n" .
        "      if (iprint .ge. 99) write (6,1004)\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1001 format (/,'----------------SUBSM entered-----------------',/)\n" .
        " 1002 format ( 'ALPHA = ',f7.5,' backtrack to the BOX')	\n" .
        " 1003 format ('Subspace solution X =  ',/,(4x,1p,6(1x,d11.4)))\n" .
        " 1004 format (/,'----------------exit SUBSM --------------------',/)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of subsm ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine dcsrch(f,g,stp,ftol,gtol,xtol,stpmin,stpmax,\n" .
        "     +                  task,isave,dsave)\n" .
        "      character*(*) task\n" .
        "      integer isave(2)\n" .
        "      double precision f,g,stp,ftol,gtol,xtol,stpmin,stpmax\n" .
        "      double precision dsave(13)\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine dcsrch\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine finds a step that satisfies a sufficient\n" .
        "c     decrease condition and a curvature condition.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Each call of the subroutine updates an interval with \n" .
        "c     endpoints stx and sty. The interval is initially chosen \n" .
        "c     so that it contains a minimizer of the modified function\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c           psi(stp) = f(stp) - f(0) - ftol*stp*f'(0).\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     If psi(stp) <= 0 and f'(stp) >= 0 for some step, then the\n" .
        "c     interval is chosen so that it contains a minimizer of f. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The algorithm is designed to find a step that satisfies \n" .
        "c     the sufficient decrease condition \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c           f(stp) <= f(0) + ftol*stp*f'(0),\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     and the curvature condition\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c           abs(f'(stp)) <= gtol*abs(f'(0)).\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     If ftol is less than gtol and if, for example, the function\n" .
        "c     is bounded below, then there is always a step which satisfies\n" .
        "c     both conditions. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     If no step can be found that satisfies both conditions, then \n" .
        "c     the algorithm stops with a warning. In this case stp only \n" .
        "c     satisfies the sufficient decrease condition.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     A typical invocation of dcsrch has the following outline:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     task = 'START'\n" .
        "c  10 continue\n" .
        "c        call dcsrch( ... )\n" .
        "c        if (task .eq. 'FG') then\n" .
        "c           Evaluate the function and the gradient at stp \n" .
        "c           goto 10\n" .
        "c           end if\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     NOTE: The user must no alter work arrays between calls.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The subroutine statement is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        subroutine dcsrch(f,g,stp,ftol,gtol,xtol,stpmin,stpmax,\n" .
        "c                          task,isave,dsave)\n" .
        "c     where\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       f is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On initial entry f is the value of the function at 0.\n" .
        "c            On subsequent entries f is the value of the \n" .
        "c            function at stp.\n" .
        "c         On exit f is the value of the function at stp.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	g is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On initial entry g is the derivative of the function at 0.\n" .
        "c            On subsequent entries g is the derivative of the \n" .
        "c            function at stp.\n" .
        "c         On exit g is the derivative of the function at stp.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	stp is a double precision variable. \n" .
        "c         On entry stp is the current estimate of a satisfactory \n" .
        "c            step. On initial entry, a positive initial estimate \n" .
        "c            must be provided. \n" .
        "c         On exit stp is the current estimate of a satisfactory step\n" .
        "c            if task = 'FG'. If task = 'CONV' then stp satisfies\n" .
        "c            the sufficient decrease and curvature condition.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       ftol is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry ftol specifies a nonnegative tolerance for the \n" .
        "c            sufficient decrease condition.\n" .
        "c         On exit ftol is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       gtol is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry gtol specifies a nonnegative tolerance for the \n" .
        "c            curvature condition. \n" .
        "c         On exit gtol is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	xtol is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry xtol specifies a nonnegative relative tolerance\n" .
        "c            for an acceptable step. The subroutine exits with a\n" .
        "c            warning if the relative difference between sty and stx\n" .
        "c            is less than xtol.\n" .
        "c         On exit xtol is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	stpmin is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stpmin is a nonnegative lower bound for the step.\n" .
        "c         On exit stpmin is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	stpmax is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stpmax is a nonnegative upper bound for the step.\n" .
        "c         On exit stpmax is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       task is a character variable of length at least 60.\n" .
        "c         On initial entry task must be set to 'START'.\n" .
        "c         On exit task indicates the required action:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c            If task(1:2) = 'FG' then evaluate the function and \n" .
        "c            derivative at stp and call dcsrch again.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c            If task(1:4) = 'CONV' then the search is successful.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c            If task(1:4) = 'WARN' then the subroutine is not able\n" .
        "c            to satisfy the convergence conditions. The exit value of\n" .
        "c            stp contains the best point found during the search.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c            If task(1:5) = 'ERROR' then there is an error in the\n" .
        "c            input arguments.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         On exit with convergence, a warning or an error, the\n" .
        "c            variable task contains additional information.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       isave is an integer work array of dimension 2.\n" .
        "c         \n" .
        "c       dsave is a double precision work array of dimension 13.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c	MINPACK-2 ... dcstep\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-1 Project. June 1983.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory. \n" .
        "c     Jorge J. More' and David J. Thuente.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-2 Project. October 1993.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and University of Minnesota. \n" .
        "c     Brett M. Averick, Richard G. Carter, and Jorge J. More'. \n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "      double precision zero,p5,p66\n" .
        "      parameter(zero=0.0d0,p5=0.5d0,p66=0.66d0)\n" .
        "      double precision xtrapl,xtrapu\n" .
        "      parameter(xtrapl=1.1d0,xtrapu=4.0d0)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      logical brackt\n" .
        "      integer stage\n" .
        "      double precision finit,ftest,fm,fx,fxm,fy,fym,ginit,gtest,\n" .
        "     +       gm,gx,gxm,gy,gym,stx,sty,stmin,stmax,width,width1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Initialization block.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (task(1:5) .eq. 'START') then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Check the input arguments for errors.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (stp .lt. stpmin) task = 'ERROR: STP .LT. STPMIN'\n" .
        "         if (stp .gt. stpmax) task = 'ERROR: STP .GT. STPMAX'\n" .
        "         if (g .ge. zero) task = 'ERROR: INITIAL G .GE. ZERO'\n" .
        "         if (ftol .lt. zero) task = 'ERROR: FTOL .LT. ZERO'\n" .
        "         if (gtol .lt. zero) task = 'ERROR: GTOL .LT. ZERO'\n" .
        "         if (xtol .lt. zero) task = 'ERROR: XTOL .LT. ZERO'\n" .
        "         if (stpmin .lt. zero) task = 'ERROR: STPMIN .LT. ZERO'\n" .
        "         if (stpmax .lt. stpmin) task = 'ERROR: STPMAX .LT. STPMIN'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Exit if there are errors on input.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (task(1:5) .eq. 'ERROR') return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Initialize local variables.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         brackt = .false.\n" .
        "         stage = 1\n" .
        "         finit = f\n" .
        "         ginit = g\n" .
        "         gtest = ftol*ginit\n" .
        "         width = stpmax - stpmin\n" .
        "         width1 = width/p5\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        The variables stx, fx, gx contain the values of the step, \n" .
        "c        function, and derivative at the best step. \n" .
        "c        The variables sty, fy, gy contain the value of the step, \n" .
        "c        function, and derivative at sty.\n" .
        "c        The variables stp, f, g contain the values of the step, \n" .
        "c        function, and derivative at stp.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         stx = zero\n" .
        "         fx = finit\n" .
        "         gx = ginit\n" .
        "         sty = zero\n" .
        "         fy = finit\n" .
        "         gy = ginit\n" .
        "         stmin = zero\n" .
        "         stmax = stp + xtrapu*stp\n" .
        "         task = 'FG'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         goto 1000\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Restore local variables.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (isave(1) .eq. 1) then\n" .
        "            brackt = .true.\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            brackt = .false.\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         stage = isave(2) \n" .
        "         ginit = dsave(1) \n" .
        "         gtest = dsave(2) \n" .
        "         gx = dsave(3) \n" .
        "         gy = dsave(4) \n" .
        "         finit = dsave(5) \n" .
        "         fx = dsave(6) \n" .
        "         fy = dsave(7) \n" .
        "         stx = dsave(8) \n" .
        "         sty = dsave(9) \n" .
        "         stmin = dsave(10) \n" .
        "         stmax = dsave(11) \n" .
        "         width = dsave(12) \n" .
        "         width1 = dsave(13) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     If psi(stp) <= 0 and f'(stp) >= 0 for some step, then the\n" .
        "c     algorithm enters the second stage.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ftest = finit + stp*gtest\n" .
        "      if (stage .eq. 1 .and. f .le. ftest .and. g .ge. zero) \n" .
        "     +   stage = 2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Test for warnings.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (brackt .and. (stp .le. stmin .or. stp .ge. stmax))\n" .
        "     +   task = 'WARNING: ROUNDING ERRORS PREVENT PROGRESS'\n" .
        "      if (brackt .and. stmax - stmin .le. xtol*stmax) \n" .
        "     +   task = 'WARNING: XTOL TEST SATISFIED'\n" .
        "      if (stp .eq. stpmax .and. f .le. ftest .and. g .le. gtest) \n" .
        "     +   task = 'WARNING: STP = STPMAX'\n" .
        "      if (stp .eq. stpmin .and. (f .gt. ftest .or. g .ge. gtest)) \n" .
        "     +   task = 'WARNING: STP = STPMIN'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Test for convergence.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (f .le. ftest .and. abs(g) .le. gtol*(-ginit)) \n" .
        "     +   task = 'CONVERGENCE'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Test for termination.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (task(1:4) .eq. 'WARN' .or. task(1:4) .eq. 'CONV') goto 1000\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     A modified function is used to predict the step during the\n" .
        "c     first stage if a lower function value has been obtained but \n" .
        "c     the decrease is not sufficient.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (stage .eq. 1 .and. f .le. fx .and. f .gt. ftest) then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Define the modified function and derivative values.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         fm = f - stp*gtest\n" .
        "         fxm = fx - stx*gtest\n" .
        "         fym = fy - sty*gtest\n" .
        "         gm = g - gtest\n" .
        "         gxm = gx - gtest\n" .
        "         gym = gy - gtest\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Call dcstep to update stx, sty, and to compute the new step.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         call dcstep(stx,fxm,gxm,sty,fym,gym,stp,fm,gm,\n" .
        "     +               brackt,stmin,stmax)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        Reset the function and derivative values for f.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         fx = fxm + stx*gtest\n" .
        "         fy = fym + sty*gtest\n" .
        "         gx = gxm + gtest\n" .
        "         gy = gym + gtest\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c       Call dcstep to update stx, sty, and to compute the new step.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "        call dcstep(stx,fx,gx,sty,fy,gy,stp,f,g,\n" .
        "     +              brackt,stmin,stmax)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Decide if a bisection step is needed.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (brackt) then\n" .
        "         if (abs(sty-stx) .ge. p66*width1) stp = stx + p5*(sty - stx)\n" .
        "         width1 = width\n" .
        "         width = abs(sty-stx)\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Set the minimum and maximum steps allowed for stp.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (brackt) then\n" .
        "         stmin = min(stx,sty)\n" .
        "         stmax = max(stx,sty)\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         stmin = stp + xtrapl*(stp - stx)\n" .
        "         stmax = stp + xtrapu*(stp - stx)\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     Force the step to be within the bounds stpmax and stpmin.\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      stp = max(stp,stpmin)\n" .
        "      stp = min(stp,stpmax)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     If further progress is not possible, let stp be the best\n" .
        "c     point obtained during the search.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (brackt .and. (stp .le. stmin .or. stp .ge. stmax)\n" .
        "     +   .or. (brackt .and. stmax-stmin .le. xtol*stmax)) stp = stx\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Obtain another function and derivative.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      task = 'FG'\n" .
        "\n" .
        " 1000 continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Save local variables.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (brackt) then\n" .
        "         isave(1) = 1\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         isave(1) = 0\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "      isave(2) = stage\n" .
        "      dsave(1) =  ginit\n" .
        "      dsave(2) =  gtest\n" .
        "      dsave(3) =  gx\n" .
        "      dsave(4) =  gy\n" .
        "      dsave(5) =  finit\n" .
        "      dsave(6) =  fx\n" .
        "      dsave(7) =  fy\n" .
        "      dsave(8) =  stx\n" .
        "      dsave(9) =  sty\n" .
        "      dsave(10) = stmin\n" .
        "      dsave(11) = stmax\n" .
        "      dsave(12) = width\n" .
        "      dsave(13) = width1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dcsrch ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine dcstep(stx,fx,dx,sty,fy,dy,stp,fp,dp,brackt,\n" .
        "     +                  stpmin,stpmax)\n" .
        "      logical brackt\n" .
        "      double precision stx,fx,dx,sty,fy,dy,stp,fp,dp,stpmin,stpmax\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine dcstep\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine computes a safeguarded step for a search\n" .
        "c     procedure and updates an interval that contains a step that\n" .
        "c     satisfies a sufficient decrease and a curvature condition.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The parameter stx contains the step with the least function\n" .
        "c     value. If brackt is set to .true. then a minimizer has\n" .
        "c     been bracketed in an interval with endpoints stx and sty.\n" .
        "c     The parameter stp contains the current step. \n" .
        "c     The subroutine assumes that if brackt is set to .true. then\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c           min(stx,sty) < stp < max(stx,sty),\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     and that the derivative at stx is negative in the direction \n" .
        "c     of the step.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The subroutine statement is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       subroutine dcstep(stx,fx,dx,sty,fy,dy,stp,fp,dp,brackt,\n" .
        "c                         stpmin,stpmax)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     where\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       stx is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stx is the best step obtained so far and is an\n" .
        "c            endpoint of the interval that contains the minimizer. \n" .
        "c         On exit stx is the updated best step.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       fx is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry fx is the function at stx.\n" .
        "c         On exit fx is the function at stx.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       dx is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry dx is the derivative of the function at \n" .
        "c            stx. The derivative must be negative in the direction of \n" .
        "c            the step, that is, dx and stp - stx must have opposite \n" .
        "c            signs.\n" .
        "c         On exit dx is the derivative of the function at stx.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       sty is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry sty is the second endpoint of the interval that \n" .
        "c            contains the minimizer.\n" .
        "c         On exit sty is the updated endpoint of the interval that \n" .
        "c            contains the minimizer.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       fy is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry fy is the function at sty.\n" .
        "c         On exit fy is the function at sty.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       dy is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry dy is the derivative of the function at sty.\n" .
        "c         On exit dy is the derivative of the function at the exit sty.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       stp is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stp is the current step. If brackt is set to .true.\n" .
        "c            then on input stp must be between stx and sty. \n" .
        "c         On exit stp is a new trial step.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       fp is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry fp is the function at stp\n" .
        "c         On exit fp is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       dp is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry dp is the the derivative of the function at stp.\n" .
        "c         On exit dp is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       brackt is an logical variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry brackt specifies if a minimizer has been bracketed.\n" .
        "c            Initially brackt must be set to .false.\n" .
        "c         On exit brackt specifies if a minimizer has been bracketed.\n" .
        "c            When a minimizer is bracketed brackt is set to .true.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       stpmin is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stpmin is a lower bound for the step.\n" .
        "c         On exit stpmin is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       stpmax is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry stpmax is an upper bound for the step.\n" .
        "c         On exit stpmax is unchanged.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-1 Project. June 1983\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory. \n" .
        "c     Jorge J. More' and David J. Thuente.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-2 Project. October 1993.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and University of Minnesota. \n" .
        "c     Brett M. Averick and Jorge J. More'.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "      double precision zero,p66,two,three\n" .
        "      parameter(zero=0.0d0,p66=0.66d0,two=2.0d0,three=3.0d0)\n" .
        "   \n" .
        "      double precision gamma,p,q,r,s,sgnd,stpc,stpf,stpq,theta\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      sgnd = dp*(dx/abs(dx))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     First case: A higher function value. The minimum is bracketed. \n" .
        "c     If the cubic step is closer to stx than the quadratic step, the \n" .
        "c     cubic step is taken, otherwise the average of the cubic and \n" .
        "c     quadratic steps is taken.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (fp .gt. fx) then\n" .
        "         theta = three*(fx - fp)/(stp - stx) + dx + dp\n" .
        "         s = max(abs(theta),abs(dx),abs(dp))\n" .
        "         gamma = s*sqrt((theta/s)**2 - (dx/s)*(dp/s))\n" .
        "         if (stp .lt. stx) gamma = -gamma\n" .
        "         p = (gamma - dx) + theta\n" .
        "         q = ((gamma - dx) + gamma) + dp\n" .
        "         r = p/q\n" .
        "         stpc = stx + r*(stp - stx)\n" .
        "         stpq = stx + ((dx/((fx - fp)/(stp - stx) + dx))/two)*\n" .
        "     +                                                       (stp - stx)\n" .
        "         if (abs(stpc-stx) .lt. abs(stpq-stx)) then\n" .
        "            stpf = stpc\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            stpf = stpc + (stpq - stpc)/two\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         brackt = .true.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Second case: A lower function value and derivatives of opposite \n" .
        "c     sign. The minimum is bracketed. If the cubic step is farther from \n" .
        "c     stp than the secant step, the cubic step is taken, otherwise the \n" .
        "c     secant step is taken.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else if (sgnd .lt. zero) then\n" .
        "         theta = three*(fx - fp)/(stp - stx) + dx + dp\n" .
        "         s = max(abs(theta),abs(dx),abs(dp))\n" .
        "         gamma = s*sqrt((theta/s)**2 - (dx/s)*(dp/s))\n" .
        "         if (stp .gt. stx) gamma = -gamma\n" .
        "         p = (gamma - dp) + theta\n" .
        "         q = ((gamma - dp) + gamma) + dx\n" .
        "         r = p/q\n" .
        "         stpc = stp + r*(stx - stp)\n" .
        "         stpq = stp + (dp/(dp - dx))*(stx - stp)\n" .
        "         if (abs(stpc-stp) .gt. abs(stpq-stp)) then\n" .
        "            stpf = stpc\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            stpf = stpq\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         brackt = .true.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Third case: A lower function value, derivatives of the same sign,\n" .
        "c     and the magnitude of the derivative decreases.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else if (abs(dp) .lt. abs(dx)) then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        The cubic step is computed only if the cubic tends to infinity \n" .
        "c        in the direction of the step or if the minimum of the cubic\n" .
        "c        is beyond stp. Otherwise the cubic step is defined to be the \n" .
        "c        secant step.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         theta = three*(fx - fp)/(stp - stx) + dx + dp\n" .
        "         s = max(abs(theta),abs(dx),abs(dp))\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c        The case gamma = 0 only arises if the cubic does not tend\n" .
        "c        to infinity in the direction of the step.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         gamma = s*sqrt(max(zero,(theta/s)**2-(dx/s)*(dp/s)))\n" .
        "         if (stp .gt. stx) gamma = -gamma\n" .
        "         p = (gamma - dp) + theta\n" .
        "         q = (gamma + (dx - dp)) + gamma\n" .
        "         r = p/q\n" .
        "         if (r .lt. zero .and. gamma .ne. zero) then\n" .
        "            stpc = stp + r*(stx - stp)\n" .
        "         else if (stp .gt. stx) then\n" .
        "            stpc = stpmax\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            stpc = stpmin\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         stpq = stp + (dp/(dp - dx))*(stx - stp)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         if (brackt) then\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           A minimizer has been bracketed. If the cubic step is \n" .
        "c           closer to stp than the secant step, the cubic step is \n" .
        "c           taken, otherwise the secant step is taken.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            if (abs(stpc-stp) .lt. abs(stpq-stp)) then\n" .
        "               stpf = stpc\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "               stpf = stpq\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            if (stp .gt. stx) then\n" .
        "               stpf = min(stp+p66*(sty-stp),stpf)\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "               stpf = max(stp+p66*(sty-stp),stpf)\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c           A minimizer has not been bracketed. If the cubic step is \n" .
        "c           farther from stp than the secant step, the cubic step is \n" .
        "c           taken, otherwise the secant step is taken.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            if (abs(stpc-stp) .gt. abs(stpq-stp)) then\n" .
        "               stpf = stpc\n" .
        "            else\n" .
        "               stpf = stpq\n" .
        "            endif\n" .
        "            stpf = min(stpmax,stpf)\n" .
        "            stpf = max(stpmin,stpf)\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Fourth case: A lower function value, derivatives of the same sign, \n" .
        "c     and the magnitude of the derivative does not decrease. If the \n" .
        "c     minimum is not bracketed, the step is either stpmin or stpmax, \n" .
        "c     otherwise the cubic step is taken.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         if (brackt) then\n" .
        "            theta = three*(fp - fy)/(sty - stp) + dy + dp\n" .
        "            s = max(abs(theta),abs(dy),abs(dp))\n" .
        "            gamma = s*sqrt((theta/s)**2 - (dy/s)*(dp/s))\n" .
        "            if (stp .gt. sty) gamma = -gamma\n" .
        "            p = (gamma - dp) + theta\n" .
        "            q = ((gamma - dp) + gamma) + dy\n" .
        "            r = p/q\n" .
        "            stpc = stp + r*(sty - stp)\n" .
        "            stpf = stpc\n" .
        "         else if (stp .gt. stx) then\n" .
        "            stpf = stpmax\n" .
        "         else\n" .
        "            stpf = stpmin\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Update the interval which contains a minimizer.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (fp .gt. fx) then\n" .
        "         sty = stp\n" .
        "         fy = fp\n" .
        "         dy = dp\n" .
        "      else\n" .
        "         if (sgnd .lt. zero) then\n" .
        "            sty = stx\n" .
        "            fy = fx\n" .
        "            dy = dx\n" .
        "         endif\n" .
        "         stx = stp\n" .
        "         fx = fp\n" .
        "         dx = dp\n" .
        "      endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     Compute the new step.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      stp = stpf\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dcstep ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine timer(ttime)\n" .
        "      double precision ttime\n" .
        "c     *********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine timer\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine is used to determine user time. In a typical \n" .
        "c     application, the user time for a code segment requires calls \n" .
        "c     to subroutine timer to determine the initial and final time.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The subroutine statement is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       subroutine timer(ttime)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     where\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       ttime is an output variable which specifies the user time.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and University of Minnesota.\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-2 Project.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Modified October 1990 by Brett M. Averick.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "      real temp\n" .
        "      real tarray(2)\n" .
        "      real etime\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     The first element of the array tarray specifies user time\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      temp = etime(tarray) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ttime = dble(tarray(1))\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of timer ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      double precision function dnrm2(n,x,incx)\n" .
        "      integer n,incx\n" .
        "      double precision x(n)\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Function dnrm2\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Given a vector x of length n, this function calculates the\n" .
        "c     Euclidean norm of x with stride incx.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The function statement is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       double precision function dnrm2(n,x,incx)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     where\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       n is a positive integer input variable.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       x is an input array of length n.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       incx is a positive integer variable that specifies the \n" .
        "c         stride of the vector.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subprograms called\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       FORTRAN-supplied ... abs, max, sqrt\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-2 Project. February 1991.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory.\n" .
        "c     Brett M. Averick.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "      integer i\n" .
        "      double precision scale\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      dnrm2 = 0.0d0\n" .
        "      scale = 0.0d0\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1, n, incx\n" .
        "         scale = max(scale, abs(x(i)))\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      if (scale .eq. 0.0d0) return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      do 20 i = 1, n, incx\n" .
        "         dnrm2 = dnrm2 + (x(i)/scale)**2\n" .
        "   20 continue\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      dnrm2 = scale*sqrt(dnrm2)\n" .
        "\n" .
        " \n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dnrm2 ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      double precision function dpmeps()\n" .
        "c     **********\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     Subroutine dpeps\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine computes the machine precision parameter\n" .
        "c     dpmeps as the smallest floating point number such that\n" .
        "c     1 + dpmeps differs from 1.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     This subroutine is based on the subroutine machar described in\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     W. J. Cody,\n" .
        "c     MACHAR: A subroutine to dynamically determine machine parameters,\n" .
        "c     ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 14, 1988, pages 303-311.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     The subroutine statement is:\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       subroutine dpeps(dpmeps)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     where\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c       dpmeps is a double precision variable.\n" .
        "c         On entry dpmeps need not be specified.\n" .
        "c         On exit dpmeps is the machine precision.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     MINPACK-2 Project. February 1991.\n" .
        "c     Argonne National Laboratory and University of Minnesota.\n" .
        "c     Brett M. Averick.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     *******\n" .
        "      integer i,ibeta,irnd,it,itemp,negep\n" .
        "      double precision a,b,beta,betain,betah,temp,tempa,temp1,\n" .
        "     +       zero,one,two\n" .
        "      data zero,one,two /0.0d0,1.0d0,2.0d0/\n" .
        " \n" .
        "c     determine ibeta, beta ala malcolm.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      a = one\n" .
        "      b = one\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "         a = a + a\n" .
        "         temp = a + one\n" .
        "         temp1 = temp - a\n" .
        "      if (temp1 - one .eq. zero) go to 10\n" .
        "   20 continue\n" .
        "         b = b + b\n" .
        "         temp = a + b\n" .
        "         itemp = int(temp - a)\n" .
        "      if (itemp .eq. 0) go to 20\n" .
        "      ibeta = itemp\n" .
        "      beta = dble(ibeta)\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     determine it, irnd.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      it = 0\n" .
        "      b = one\n" .
        "   30 continue\n" .
        "         it = it + 1\n" .
        "         b = b * beta\n" .
        "         temp = b + one\n" .
        "         temp1 = temp - b\n" .
        "      if (temp1 - one .eq. zero) go to 30\n" .
        "      irnd = 0\n" .
        "      betah = beta/two\n" .
        "      temp = a + betah\n" .
        "      if (temp - a .ne. zero) irnd = 1\n" .
        "      tempa = a + beta\n" .
        "      temp = tempa + betah\n" .
        "      if ((irnd .eq. 0) .and. (temp - tempa .ne. zero)) irnd = 2\n" .
        "\n" .
        "c     determine dpmeps.\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      negep = it + 3\n" .
        "      betain = one/beta\n" .
        "      a = one\n" .
        "      do 40 i = 1, negep\n" .
        "         a = a*betain\n" .
        "   40 continue\n" .
        "   50 continue\n" .
        "        temp = one + a\n" .
        "        if (temp - one .ne. zero) go to 60\n" .
        "        a = a*beta\n" .
        "        go to  50\n" .
        "   60 continue\n" .
        "      dpmeps = a\n" .
        "      if ((ibeta .eq. 2) .or. (irnd .eq. 0)) go to 70\n" .
        "      a = (a*(one + a))/two\n" .
        "      temp = one + a\n" .
        "      if (temp - one .ne. zero) dpmeps = a\n" .
        "\n" .
        "   70 return\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dpmeps ==============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine daxpy(n,da,dx,incx,dy,incy)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     constant times a vector plus a vector.\n" .
        "c     uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one.\n" .
        "c     jack dongarra, linpack, 3/11/78.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision dx(1),dy(1),da\n" .
        "      integer i,incx,incy,ix,iy,m,mp1,n\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      if(n.le.0)return\n" .
        "      if (da .eq. 0.0d0) return\n" .
        "      if(incx.eq.1.and.incy.eq.1)go to 20\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for unequal increments or equal increments\n" .
        "c          not equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      ix = 1\n" .
        "      iy = 1\n" .
        "      if(incx.lt.0)ix = (-n+1)*incx + 1\n" .
        "      if(incy.lt.0)iy = (-n+1)*incy + 1\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1,n\n" .
        "        dy(iy) = dy(iy) + da*dx(ix)\n" .
        "        ix = ix + incx\n" .
        "        iy = iy + incy\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for both increments equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        clean-up loop\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   20 m = mod(n,4)\n" .
        "      if( m .eq. 0 ) go to 40\n" .
        "      do 30 i = 1,m\n" .
        "        dy(i) = dy(i) + da*dx(i)\n" .
        "   30 continue\n" .
        "      if( n .lt. 4 ) return\n" .
        "   40 mp1 = m + 1\n" .
        "      do 50 i = mp1,n,4\n" .
        "        dy(i) = dy(i) + da*dx(i)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 1) = dy(i + 1) + da*dx(i + 1)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 2) = dy(i + 2) + da*dx(i + 2)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 3) = dy(i + 3) + da*dx(i + 3)\n" .
        "   50 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of daxpy ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine dcopy(n,dx,incx,dy,incy)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     copies a vector, x, to a vector, y.\n" .
        "c     uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one.\n" .
        "c     jack dongarra, linpack, 3/11/78.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision dx(1),dy(1)\n" .
        "      integer i,incx,incy,ix,iy,m,mp1,n\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      if(n.le.0)return\n" .
        "      if(incx.eq.1.and.incy.eq.1)go to 20\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for unequal increments or equal increments\n" .
        "c          not equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      ix = 1\n" .
        "      iy = 1\n" .
        "      if(incx.lt.0)ix = (-n+1)*incx + 1\n" .
        "      if(incy.lt.0)iy = (-n+1)*incy + 1\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1,n\n" .
        "        dy(iy) = dx(ix)\n" .
        "        ix = ix + incx\n" .
        "        iy = iy + incy\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for both increments equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        clean-up loop\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   20 m = mod(n,7)\n" .
        "      if( m .eq. 0 ) go to 40\n" .
        "      do 30 i = 1,m\n" .
        "        dy(i) = dx(i)\n" .
        "   30 continue\n" .
        "      if( n .lt. 7 ) return\n" .
        "   40 mp1 = m + 1\n" .
        "      do 50 i = mp1,n,7\n" .
        "        dy(i) = dx(i)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 1) = dx(i + 1)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 2) = dx(i + 2)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 3) = dx(i + 3)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 4) = dx(i + 4)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 5) = dx(i + 5)\n" .
        "        dy(i + 6) = dx(i + 6)\n" .
        "   50 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dcopy ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      double precision function ddot(n,dx,incx,dy,incy)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     forms the dot product of two vectors.\n" .
        "c     uses unrolled loops for increments equal to one.\n" .
        "c     jack dongarra, linpack, 3/11/78.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision dx(1),dy(1),dtemp\n" .
        "      integer i,incx,incy,ix,iy,m,mp1,n\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      ddot = 0.0d0\n" .
        "      dtemp = 0.0d0\n" .
        "      if(n.le.0)return\n" .
        "      if(incx.eq.1.and.incy.eq.1)go to 20\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for unequal increments or equal increments\n" .
        "c          not equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      ix = 1\n" .
        "      iy = 1\n" .
        "      if(incx.lt.0)ix = (-n+1)*incx + 1\n" .
        "      if(incy.lt.0)iy = (-n+1)*incy + 1\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1,n\n" .
        "        dtemp = dtemp + dx(ix)*dy(iy)\n" .
        "        ix = ix + incx\n" .
        "        iy = iy + incy\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "      ddot = dtemp\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for both increments equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        clean-up loop\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   20 m = mod(n,5)\n" .
        "      if( m .eq. 0 ) go to 40\n" .
        "      do 30 i = 1,m\n" .
        "        dtemp = dtemp + dx(i)*dy(i)\n" .
        "   30 continue\n" .
        "      if( n .lt. 5 ) go to 60\n" .
        "   40 mp1 = m + 1\n" .
        "      do 50 i = mp1,n,5\n" .
        "        dtemp = dtemp + dx(i)*dy(i) + dx(i + 1)*dy(i + 1) +\n" .
        "     *   dx(i + 2)*dy(i + 2) + dx(i + 3)*dy(i + 3) + dx(i + 4)*dy(i + 4)\n" .
        "   50 continue\n" .
        "   60 ddot = dtemp\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of ddot ================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine dpofa(a,lda,n,info)\n" .
        "      integer lda,n,info\n" .
        "      double precision a(lda,1)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     dpofa factors a double precision symmetric positive definite\n" .
        "c     matrix.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     dpofa is usually called by dpoco, but it can be called\n" .
        "c     directly with a saving in time if  rcond  is not needed.\n" .
        "c     (time for dpoco) = (1 + 18/n)*(time for dpofa) .\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     on entry\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        a       double precision(lda, n)\n" .
        "c                the symmetric matrix to be factored.  only the\n" .
        "c                diagonal and upper triangle are used.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        lda     integer\n" .
        "c                the leading dimension of the array  a .\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        n       integer\n" .
        "c                the order of the matrix  a .\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     on return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        a       an upper triangular matrix  r  so that  a = trans(r)*r\n" .
        "c                where  trans(r)  is the transpose.\n" .
        "c                the strict lower triangle is unaltered.\n" .
        "c                if  info .ne. 0 , the factorization is not complete.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        info    integer\n" .
        "c                = 0  for normal return.\n" .
        "c                = k  signals an error condition.  the leading minor\n" .
        "c                     of order  k  is not positive definite.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     linpack.  this version dated 08/14/78 .\n" .
        "c     cleve moler, university of new mexico, argonne national lab.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     subroutines and functions\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     blas ddot\n" .
        "c     fortran sqrt\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     internal variables\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision ddot,t\n" .
        "      double precision s\n" .
        "      integer j,jm1,k\n" .
        "c     begin block with ...exits to 40\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "         do 30 j = 1, n\n" .
        "            info = j\n" .
        "            s = 0.0d0\n" .
        "            jm1 = j - 1\n" .
        "            if (jm1 .lt. 1) go to 20\n" .
        "            do 10 k = 1, jm1\n" .
        "               t = a(k,j) - ddot(k-1,a(1,k),1,a(1,j),1)\n" .
        "               t = t/a(k,k)\n" .
        "               a(k,j) = t\n" .
        "               s = s + t*t\n" .
        "   10       continue\n" .
        "   20       continue\n" .
        "            s = a(j,j) - s\n" .
        "c     ......exit\n" .
        "            if (s .le. 0.0d0) go to 40\n" .
        "            a(j,j) = sqrt(s)\n" .
        "   30    continue\n" .
        "         info = 0\n" .
        "   40 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dpofa ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine  dscal(n,da,dx,incx)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     scales a vector by a constant.\n" .
        "c     uses unrolled loops for increment equal to one.\n" .
        "c     jack dongarra, linpack, 3/11/78.\n" .
        "c     modified 3/93 to return if incx .le. 0.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision da,dx(1)\n" .
        "      integer i,incx,m,mp1,n,nincx\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      if( n.le.0 .or. incx.le.0 )return\n" .
        "      if(incx.eq.1)go to 20\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for increment not equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      nincx = n*incx\n" .
        "      do 10 i = 1,nincx,incx\n" .
        "        dx(i) = da*dx(i)\n" .
        "   10 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        code for increment equal to 1\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        clean-up loop\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   20 m = mod(n,5)\n" .
        "      if( m .eq. 0 ) go to 40\n" .
        "      do 30 i = 1,m\n" .
        "        dx(i) = da*dx(i)\n" .
        "   30 continue\n" .
        "      if( n .lt. 5 ) return\n" .
        "   40 mp1 = m + 1\n" .
        "      do 50 i = mp1,n,5\n" .
        "        dx(i) = da*dx(i)\n" .
        "        dx(i + 1) = da*dx(i + 1)\n" .
        "        dx(i + 2) = da*dx(i + 2)\n" .
        "        dx(i + 3) = da*dx(i + 3)\n" .
        "        dx(i + 4) = da*dx(i + 4)\n" .
        "   50 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dscal ===============================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      subroutine dtrsl(t,ldt,n,b,job,info)\n" .
        "      integer ldt,n,job,info\n" .
        "      double precision t(ldt,1),b(1)\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     dtrsl solves systems of the form\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                   t * x = b\n" .
        "c     or\n" .
        "c                   trans(t) * x = b\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     where t is a triangular matrix of order n. here trans(t)\n" .
        "c     denotes the transpose of the matrix t.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     on entry\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         t         double precision(ldt,n)\n" .
        "c                   t contains the matrix of the system. the zero\n" .
        "c                   elements of the matrix are not referenced, and\n" .
        "c                   the corresponding elements of the array can be\n" .
        "c                   used to store other information.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         ldt       integer\n" .
        "c                   ldt is the leading dimension of the array t.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         n         integer\n" .
        "c                   n is the order of the system.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         b         double precision(n).\n" .
        "c                   b contains the right hand side of the system.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         job       integer\n" .
        "c                   job specifies what kind of system is to be solved.\n" .
        "c                   if job is\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c                        00   solve t*x=b, t lower triangular,\n" .
        "c                        01   solve t*x=b, t upper triangular,\n" .
        "c                        10   solve trans(t)*x=b, t lower triangular,\n" .
        "c                        11   solve trans(t)*x=b, t upper triangular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     on return\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         b         b contains the solution, if info .eq. 0.\n" .
        "c                   otherwise b is unaltered.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c         info      integer\n" .
        "c                   info contains zero if the system is nonsingular.\n" .
        "c                   otherwise info contains the index of\n" .
        "c                   the first zero diagonal element of t.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     linpack. this version dated 08/14/78 .\n" .
        "c     g. w. stewart, university of maryland, argonne national lab.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     subroutines and functions\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     blas daxpy,ddot\n" .
        "c     fortran mod\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     internal variables\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "      double precision ddot,temp\n" .
        "      integer case,j,jj\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c     begin block permitting ...exits to 150\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        check for zero diagonal elements.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "         do 10 info = 1, n\n" .
        "c     ......exit\n" .
        "            if (t(info,info) .eq. 0.0d0) go to 150\n" .
        "   10    continue\n" .
        "         info = 0\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        determine the task and go to it.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "         case = 1\n" .
        "         if (mod(job,10) .ne. 0) case = 2\n" .
        "         if (mod(job,100)/10 .ne. 0) case = case + 2\n" .
        "         go to (20,50,80,110), case\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        solve t*x=b for t lower triangular\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   20    continue\n" .
        "            b(1) = b(1)/t(1,1)\n" .
        "            if (n .lt. 2) go to 40\n" .
        "            do 30 j = 2, n\n" .
        "               temp = -b(j-1)\n" .
        "               call daxpy(n-j+1,temp,t(j,j-1),1,b(j),1)\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j)/t(j,j)\n" .
        "   30       continue\n" .
        "   40       continue\n" .
        "         go to 140\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        solve t*x=b for t upper triangular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   50    continue\n" .
        "            b(n) = b(n)/t(n,n)\n" .
        "            if (n .lt. 2) go to 70\n" .
        "            do 60 jj = 2, n\n" .
        "               j = n - jj + 1\n" .
        "               temp = -b(j+1)\n" .
        "               call daxpy(j,temp,t(1,j+1),1,b(1),1)\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j)/t(j,j)\n" .
        "   60       continue\n" .
        "   70       continue\n" .
        "         go to 140\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        solve trans(t)*x=b for t lower triangular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "   80    continue\n" .
        "            b(n) = b(n)/t(n,n)\n" .
        "            if (n .lt. 2) go to 100\n" .
        "            do 90 jj = 2, n\n" .
        "               j = n - jj + 1\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j) - ddot(jj-1,t(j+1,j),1,b(j+1),1)\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j)/t(j,j)\n" .
        "   90       continue\n" .
        "  100       continue\n" .
        "         go to 140\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "c        solve trans(t)*x=b for t upper triangular.\n" .
        "c\n" .
        "  110    continue\n" .
        "            b(1) = b(1)/t(1,1)\n" .
        "            if (n .lt. 2) go to 130\n" .
        "            do 120 j = 2, n\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j) - ddot(j-1,t(1,j),1,b(1),1)\n" .
        "               b(j) = b(j)/t(j,j)\n" .
        "  120       continue\n" .
        "  130       continue\n" .
        "  140    continue\n" .
        "  150 continue\n" .
        "      return\n" .
        "      end\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "c====================== The end of dtrsl ===============================\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Create main.f driver for FWD_KPP
#=============================================
sub createMain
{
    printf "Creating main.f\n";
    open(FILE, ">main.f") || die "Unable to open main.f";
    print FILE "! \$Id: main.f,v 1.42 2006/10/17 17:51:14 bmy Exp \$\n" .
        "! \$Log: main.f,v \$\n" .
        "! Revision 1.42  2006/10/17 17:51:14  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-10, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Includes variable tropopause with ND54 diagnostic\n" .
        "! - Added GFED2 biomass emissions for SO2, NH3, BC, OC, CO2\n" .
        "! - Rewrote default biomass emissions routines for clarity\n" .
        "! - Updates for GCAP: future emissions, met-field reading, TOMS-O3\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in planeflight_mod.f: set NCS variable correctly\n" .
        "! - Bug fix in SOA_LUMP; other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-09, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updated CO for David Streets (2001 for China, 2000 elsewhere)\n" .
        "! - Now reset negative SPHU to a very small positive #\n" .
        "! - Remove use of TINY(1d0) to avoid NaN's on SUN platform\n" .
        "! - Minor bug fixes and deleted obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.38  2006/08/14 17:58:10  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-08, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add David Streets' emissions for China & SE Asia\n" .
        "! - Removed support for GEOS-1 and GEOS-STRAT met fields\n" .
        "! - Removed support for LINUX_IFC and LINUX_EFC compilers\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.37  2006/06/28 17:26:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-06, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now add BRAVO emissions (NOx, CO, SO2) over N. Mexico\n" .
        "! - Turn off HO2 uptake by aerosols in SMVGEAR mechanism\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: GEOS-4 convection now conserves mixing ratio\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes & improvements\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.36  2006/06/06 14:26:07  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-05, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now gets ISOP that has reacted w/ OH from SMVGEAR (cf. D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Incorporated IPCC future emission scale factors (cf. S. Wu)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.35  2006/05/26 17:45:24  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-04, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Now updated for SOA production from ISOP (cf D. Henze)\n" .
        "! - Now archive SOA concentrations in [ug/m3] (\"diag42_mod.f\")\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.34  2006/05/15 17:52:52  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-Chem v7-04-03, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Added near-land formulation for lightning\n" .
        "! - Now can use CTH, MFLUX, PRECON params for lightning\n" .
        "!   (NOTE: new lightning is only applied for GEOS-4 for time being)\n" .
        "! - Added ND56 diagnostic for lightning flash rates\n" .
        "! - Fixed Feb 28 -> Mar 1 transition for GCAP (i.e. no leap years)\n" .
        "! - Other minor bug fixes\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "! Revision 1.33  2006/03/24 20:22:53  bmy\n" .
        "! GEOS-CHEM v7-04-01, includes the following modifications:\n" .
        "! - Updates to new Hg simulation (eck, cdh, sas)\n" .
        "! - Changed Reynold's # criterion for aerodyn smooth surfaces in drydep\n" .
        "! - Standardized several bug fixes implemented in v7-03-06 patch\n" .
        "! - Bug fix: Now call MAKE_RH from \"main.f\" to avoid problems in drydep\n" .
        "! - Removed obsolete code\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      PROGRAM GEOS_CHEM\n" .
        "! \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!    G        E       O     O S            C       H     H E       M M M M    \n" .
        "!    G   GGG  EEEEEE  O     O SSSSSSS      C       HHHHHHH EEEEEE  M  M  M    \n" .
        "!    G     G  E       O     O       S      C       H     H E       M     M    \n" .
        "!     GGGGGG  EEEEEEE  OOOOO  SSSSSSS       CCCCCC H     H EEEEEEE M     M    \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                                                                       \n" .
        "!                 (formerly known as the Harvard-GEOS model)\n" .
        "!           for 4 x 5, 2 x 2.5 global grids and 1 x 1 nested grids\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!       Contact: Bob Yantosca, Harvard University (bmy\@io.as.harvard.edu)\n" .
        "!                                                                     \n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  See the GEOS-Chem Web Site:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  and  the GEOS-CHEM User's Guide:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/trop/geos/doc/man/\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  for the most up-to-date GEOS-CHEM documentation on the following topics:\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!     - installation, compilation, and execution\n" .
        "!     - coding practice and style\n" .
        "!     - input files and met field data files\n" .
        "!     - horizontal and vertical resolution\n" .
        "!     - modification history\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules \n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A3_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A3_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE A6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_A6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE BENCHMARK_MOD,     ONLY : STDRUN\n" .
        "      USE CHEMISTRY_MOD,     ONLY : DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "      USE CONVECTION_MOD,    ONLY : DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "      USE COMODE_MOD,        ONLY : INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_MOD,          ONLY : DIAGCHLORO\n" .
        "      USE DIAG41_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG41,          ND41\n" .
        "      USE DIAG42_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG42,          ND42\n" .
        "      USE DIAG48_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG48,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48\n" .
        "      USE DIAG49_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG49,          ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49\n" .
        "      USE DIAG50_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG50,          DO_SAVE_DIAG50\n" .
        "      USE DIAG51_MOD,        ONLY : DIAG51,          DO_SAVE_DIAG51\n" .
        "      USE DIAG_OH_MOD,       ONLY : PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AD,              AIRQNT  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : AVGPOLE,         CLDTOPS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : CONVERT_UNITS,   COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : COSSZA,          INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : INTERP,          PS1\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : PS2,             PSC2          \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : T,               TS            \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : SUNCOS,          SUNCOSB\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD,           ONLY : MAKE_RH\n" .
        "      USE DRYDEP_MOD,        ONLY : DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "      USE EMISSIONS_MOD,     ONLY : DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "      USE ERROR_MOD,         ONLY : DEBUG_MSG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_BPCH,         IU_DEBUG\n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : IU_ND48,         IU_SMV2LOG    \n" .
        "      USE FILE_MOD,          ONLY : CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      USE GLOBAL_CH4_MOD,    ONLY : INIT_GLOBAL_CH4, CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GCAP_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : OPEN_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE GWET_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_1\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : GET_I6_FIELDS_2\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : OPEN_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE I6_READ_MOD,       ONLY : UNZIP_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE INPUT_MOD,         ONLY : READ_INPUT_FILE\n" .
        "      USE LAI_MOD,           ONLY : RDISOLAI\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      !%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land\n" .
        "      !%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "      !%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "      USE LIGHTNING_NOX_NL_MOD, ONLY : LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "      !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LEMIS,     LCHEM, LUNZIP,  LDUST\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LLIGHTNOX, LPRT,  LSTDRUN, LSVGLB\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWAIT,     LTRAN, LUPBD,   LCONV\n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LWETD,     LTURB, LDRYD,   LMEGAN  \n" .
        "      USE LOGICAL_MOD,       ONLY : LDYNOCEAN, LSOA,  LVARTROP\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "      USE MEGAN_MOD,         ONLY : UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "      USE PBL_MIX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_PBL_MIX\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE OCEAN_MERCURY_MOD, ONLY : READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "      USE PLANEFLIGHT_MOD,   ONLY : SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT \n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE PRESSURE_MOD,      ONLY : SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMDb,        GET_NHMSb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_NYMD,         GET_NHMS\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A3_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A3_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_A6_TIME,      GET_FIRST_A6_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_I6_TIME,      GET_MONTH\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TAU,          GET_TAUb\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_TS_CHEM,      GET_TS_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_ELAPSED_SEC,  GET_TIME_AHEAD\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : GET_DAY_OF_YEAR,  ITS_A_NEW_DAY\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_SEASON, GET_SEASON\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_NEW_MONTH,  GET_NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_A_LEAPYEAR,   GET_YEAR\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_A3,  ITS_TIME_FOR_A6\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_I6,  ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV,ITS_TIME_FOR_DEL\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG,ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS,ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT,ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_CONV,      SET_CT_DYN\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CT_EMIS,      SET_CT_CHEM\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_DIAGb,        SET_DIAGe\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_CURRENT_TIME, PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "      USE TIME_MOD,          ONLY : SET_ELAPSED_MIN,  SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : CHECK_STT, N_TRACERS, STT, TCVV\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_CH4_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRACER_MOD,        ONLY : ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM\n" .
        "      USE TRANSPORT_MOD,     ONLY : DO_TRANSPORT\n" .
        "      USE TROPOPAUSE_MOD,    ONLY : READ_TROPOPAUSE, CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "      USE RESTART_MOD,       ONLY : MAKE_RESTART_FILE, READ_RESTART_FILE\n" .
        "      USE UPBDFLX_MOD,       ONLY : DO_UPBDFLX,        UPBDFLX_NOY\n" .
        "      USE UVALBEDO_MOD,      ONLY : READ_UVALBEDO\n" .
        "      USE WETSCAV_MOD,       ONLY : INIT_WETSCAV,      DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : GET_XTRA_FIELDS,   OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "      USE XTRA_READ_MOD,     ONLY : UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Force all variables to be declared explicitly\n" .
        "      IMPLICIT NONE\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Header files \n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_SIZE\"          ! Size parameters\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_DIAG\"          ! Diagnostic switches, NJDAY\n" .
        "#     include \"CMN_GCTM\"          ! Physical constants\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: FIRST = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      LOGICAL            :: LXTRA \n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: I,           IOS,   J,         K,      L\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N,           JDAY,  NDIAGTIME, N_DYN\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: N_DYN_STEPS, NSECb, N_STEP,    DATE(2)\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: YEAR,        MONTH, DAY,       DAY_OF_YEAR\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: SEASON,      NYMD,  NYMDb,     NHMS\n" .
        "      INTEGER            :: ELAPSED_SEC, NHMSb\n" .
        "      REAL*8             :: TAU,         TAUb         \n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=255) :: ZTYPE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM starts here!                                            \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Display current grid resolution and data set type\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** I N I T I A L I Z A T I O N *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read input file and call init routines from other modules\n" .
        "      CALL READ_INPUT_FILE \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_INPUT_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize met field arrays from \"dao_mod.f\"\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_DAO\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_DAO' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize diagnostic arrays and counters\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "      CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INITIALIZE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize the new hybrid pressure module.  Define Ap and Bp.\n" .
        "      CALL INIT_PRESSURE\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_PRESSURE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read annual mean tropopause if not a variable tropopause\n" .
        "      ! read_tropopause is obsolete with variable tropopause\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. LVARTROP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_TROPOPAUSE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize allocatable SMVGEAR arrays\n" .
        "      IF ( LEMIS .or. LCHEM ) THEN\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_AN_AEROSOL_SIM() ) CALL INIT_COMODE\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_COMODE' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "      ! Allocate arrays from \"global_ch4_mod.f\" for CH4 run \n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) CALL INIT_GLOBAL_CH4\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize MEGAN arrays, get 15-day avg temperatures\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL INIT_MEGAN\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 2 )\n" .
        "         CALL INITIALIZE( 3 )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INIT_MEGAN' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local flag for reading XTRA fields for GEOS-3\n" .
        "      !LXTRA = ( LDUST .or. LMEGAN )\n" .
        "      LXTRA = LMEGAN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define time variables for use below\n" .
        "      NHMS  = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "      NHMSb = GET_NHMSb()\n" .
        "      NYMD  = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "      NYMDb = GET_NYMDb()\n" .
        "      TAU   = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "      TAUb  = GET_TAUb()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !   ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Remove all files\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'remove all'\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Remove any leftover A-3, A-6, I-6, in temp dir\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA files \n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "         ! Unzip in foreground\n" .
        "         !---------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Type of unzip operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Unzip A-3, A-6, I-6 files for START of run\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET and XTRA fields for START of run\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMDb )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Unzip GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug output\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a UNZIP' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !    ***** R E A D   M E T   F I E L D S  \@ start of run *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open and read A-3 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A3 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For MEGAN biogenics, update hourly temps w/in 15-day window\n" .
        "      IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UPDATE_T_DAY\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: UPDATE T_DAY' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read A-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = GET_FIRST_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "      CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )      \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st A6 TIME' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read I-6 fields\n" .
        "      DATE = (/ NYMD, NHMS /)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_1( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st I6 TIME' )\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st GWET TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Open & read GEOS-3 XTRA fields\n" .
        "      IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "         DATE = GET_FIRST_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "         CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "         CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) ) \n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a 1st XTRA TIME' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "      ! Read GCAP PHIS and LWI fields (if necessary)\n" .
        "      CALL OPEN_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "      CALL GET_GCAP_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove temporary file (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( 'remove date' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute avg surface pressure near polar caps\n" .
        "      CALL AVGPOLE( PS1 )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AVGPOLE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Call AIRQNT to compute air mass quantities from PS1\n" .
        "      CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PS1 )\n" .
        "      CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a AIRQNT' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "      IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "!%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "!%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the existing\n" .
        "!%%% lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else\n" .
        "         CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a LIGHTNING' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read land types and fractions from \"vegtype.global\"\n" .
        "      CALL RDLAND   \n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a RDLAND' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Initialize PBL quantities but do not do mixing\n" .
        "      CALL DO_PBL_MIX( .FALSE. )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:1' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !       *****  I N I T I A L   C O N D I T I O N S *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read initial tracer conditions\n" .
        "      CALL READ_RESTART_FILE( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Read ocean Hg initial conditions (if necessary)\n" .
        "      IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "         CALL READ_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMDb, NHMSb )\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a READ_OCEAN_RESTART' )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Save initial tracer masses to disk for benchmark runs\n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !      ***** 6 - H O U R   T I M E S T E P   L O O P  *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================      \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo message before first timestep\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) '* B e g i n   T i m e   S t e p p i n g !! *'\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) REPEAT( '*', 44 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSTEP is the number of dynamic timesteps w/in a 6-h interval\n" .
        "      N_DYN_STEPS = 360 / GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Start a new 6-h loop\n" .
        "      DO \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Compute time parameters at start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! NSECb is # of seconds at the start of 6-h loop\n" .
        "      NSECb = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get dynamic timestep in seconds\n" .
        "      N_DYN = 60d0 * GET_TS_DYN()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !     ***** D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P   L O O P *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      DO N_STEP = 1, N_DYN_STEPS\n" .
        "    \n" .
        "         ! Compute & print time quantities at start of dyn step\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "         CALL PRINT_CURRENT_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Set time variables for dynamic loop\n" .
        "         !DAY         = GET_DAY()\n" .
        "         DAY_OF_YEAR = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "         ELAPSED_SEC = GET_ELAPSED_SEC()\n" .
        "         MONTH       = GET_MONTH()\n" .
        "         NHMS        = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "         NYMD        = GET_NYMD()\n" .
        "         TAU         = GET_TAU()\n" .
        "         YEAR        = GET_YEAR()\n" .
        "         SEASON      = GET_SEASON()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** W R I T E   D I A G N O S T I C   F I L E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Set time at end of diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGe( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Write bpch file\n" .
        "            CALL DIAG3  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Flush file units\n" .
        "            CALL CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** W R I T E   R E S T A R T   F I L E *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LSVGLB ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Make atmospheric restart file\n" .
        "               CALL MAKE_RESTART_FILE( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "                  \n" .
        "               ! Make ocean mercury restart file\n" .
        "               IF ( ITS_A_MERCURY_SIM() .and. LDYNOCEAN ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL MAKE_OCEAN_Hg_RESTART( NYMD, NHMS, TAU )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) THEN\n" .
        "                  CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a MAKE_RESTART_FILE' )\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Set time at beginning of next diagnostic timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_DIAGb( TAU )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** Z E R O   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 2 ) ! Zero arrays\n" .
        "            CALL INITIALIZE( 3 ) ! Zero counters\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** T E S T   F O R   E N D   O F   R U N *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EXIT() ) GOTO 9999\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         !        ***** U N Z I P   M E T   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_UNZIP() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date & time for 12h (720 mins) from now\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_TIME_AHEAD( 720 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! If LWAIT=T then wait for the met fields to be\n" .
        "            ! fully unzipped before proceeding w/ the run.\n" .
        "            ! Otherwise, unzip fields in the background\n" .
        "            IF ( LWAIT ) THEN\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip foreground'\n" .
        "            ELSE\n" .
        "               ZTYPE = 'unzip background'\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Unzip A3, A6, I6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Unzip GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, DATE(1) )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         !        ***** R E M O V E   M E T   F I E L D S *****  \n" .
        "         !===============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUNZIP .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DEL() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Type of operation\n" .
        "            ZTYPE = 'remove date'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Remove A-3, A-6, and I-6 files only for the current date\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMD )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMD )\n" .
        "            CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMD )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields only for the current date\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMD )\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE, NYMD )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF   \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 3   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A3() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-3 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A3_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open & read A-3 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A3_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A3_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Update daily mean temperature archive for MEGAN biogenics\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) CALL UPDATE_T_DAY \n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 GWET fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LDUST ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_GWET_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_GWET_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Read GEOS-3 PARDF, PARDR, SNOW fields\n" .
        "            IF ( LXTRA ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL OPEN_XTRA_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "               CALL GET_XTRA_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )           \n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   A - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_A6() ) THEN\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next A-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_A6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read A-6 fields\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_A6_FIELDS( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_A6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Since CLDTOPS is an A-6 field, update the\n" .
        "            ! lightning NOx emissions [molec/box/6h]\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "!%%% NOTE: Temporary kludge: For GEOS-4 we want to use the new near-land \n" .
        "!%%% lightning formulation.  But for the time being, we must keep the \n" .
        "!%%% existing lightning for other met field types. (ltm, bmy, 5/10/06)\n" .
        "            IF ( LLIGHTNOX ) THEN\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_4 )\n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING_NL\n" .
        "#else \n" .
        "               CALL LIGHTNING( T, CLDTOPS )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !          ***** R E A D   I - 6   F I E L D S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_I6() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get the date/time for the next I-6 data block\n" .
        "            DATE = GET_I6_TIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Open and read files\n" .
        "            CALL OPEN_I6_FIELDS(  DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "            CALL GET_I6_FIELDS_2( DATE(1), DATE(2) )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Compute avg pressure at polar caps \n" .
        "            CALL AVGPOLE( PS2 )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** M O N T H L Y   O R   S E A S O N A L   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! UV albedoes\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_NEW_MONTH() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL READ_UVALBEDO( MONTH )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Fossil fuel emissions (SMVGEAR)\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS .and. ITS_A_NEW_SEASON() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL ANTHROEMS( SEASON )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** D A I L Y   D A T A *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_NEW_DAY() ) THEN \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Read leaf-area index (needed for drydep)\n" .
        "            CALL RDLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! For MEGAN biogenics ...\n" .
        "            IF ( LMEGAN ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Read AVHRR daily leaf-area-index\n" .
        "               CALL RDISOLAI( DAY_OF_YEAR, MONTH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               ! Compute 15-day average temperature for MEGAN\n" .
        "               CALL UPDATE_T_15_AVG\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Also read soil-type info for fullchem simulation\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) CALL RDSOIL \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG ( '### MAIN: a DAILY DATA' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Get averaging intervals for local-time diagnostics\n" .
        "         ! (NOTE: maybe improve this later on)\n" .
        "         CALL DIAG_2PM\n" .
        "     \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** I N T E R P O L A T E   Q U A N T I T I E S *****   \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Interpolate I-6 fields to current dynamic timestep, \n" .
        "         ! based on their values at NSEC and NSEC+N_DYN\n" .
        "         CALL INTERP( NSECb, ELAPSED_SEC, N_DYN )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Case of variable tropopause:\n" .
        "         ! Check LLTROP and set LMIN, LMAX, and LPAUSE\n" .
        "         ! since this is not done with READ_TROPOPAUSE anymore.\n" .
        "         ! (Need to double-check that LMIN, Lmax are not used before-phs) \n" .
        "         IF ( LVARTROP ) CALL CHECK_VAR_TROP\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! If we are not doing transport, then make sure that\n" .
        "         ! the floating pressure is set to PSC2 (bdf, bmy, 8/22/02)\n" .
        "         IF ( .not. LTRAN ) CALL SET_FLOATING_PRESSURE( PSC2 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute airmass quantities at each grid box \n" .
        "         CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Compute the cosine of the solar zenith angle at each grid box\n" .
        "         CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR, NHMSb, ELAPSED_SEC, SUNCOS )\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! For SMVGEAR II, we also need to compute SUNCOS at\n" .
        "         ! the end of this chemistry timestep (bdf, bmy, 4/1/03)\n" .
        "         IF ( LCHEM .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL COSSZA( DAY_OF_YEAR,                  NHMSb, \n" .
        "     &                   ELAPSED_SEC+GET_TS_CHEM()*60, SUNCOSB )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Compute tropopause height for ND55 diagnostic\n" .
        "         IF ( ND55 > 0 ) CALL TROPOPAUSE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 1998 GEOS-3 carries the ground temperature and not the air\n" .
        "         ! temperature -- thus TS will be 2-3 K too high.  As a quick fix, \n" .
        "         ! copy the temperature at the first sigma level into TS. \n" .
        "         ! (mje, bnd, bmy, 7/3/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( YEAR == 1998 ) TS(:,:) = T(:,:,1)\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Update dynamic timestep\n" .
        "         CALL SET_CT_DYN( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### Debug\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a INTERP, etc' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( kg -> v/v ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 1,  N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:1' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !     ***** S T R A T O S P H E R I C   F L U X E S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LUPBD ) CALL DO_UPBDFLX\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !              ***** T R A N S P O R T *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropritate version of TPCORE\n" .
        "            IF ( LTRAN ) CALL DO_TRANSPORT               \n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Reset air mass quantities\n" .
        "            CALL AIRQNT\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Repartition [NOy] species after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LUPBD .and. ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL UPBDFLX_NOY( 2 )\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Get relative humidity \n" .
        "            ! (after recomputing pressure quantities)\n" .
        "            CALL MAKE_RH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Initialize wet scavenging and wetdep fields after\n" .
        "            ! the airmass quantities are reset after transport\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV .or. LWETD ) CALL INIT_WETSCAV\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for convection timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CONV() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment the convection timestep\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CONV( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !      ***** M I X E D   L A Y E R   M I X I N G *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            CALL DO_PBL_MIX( LTURB )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a TURBDAY:2' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            !        ***** C L O U D   C O N V E C T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !===========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LCONV ) THEN\n" .
        "               CALL DO_CONVECTION\n" .
        "\n" .
        "               !### Debug\n" .
        "               IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVECTION' )\n" .
        "            ENDIF \n" .
        "         ENDIF                  \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !    ***** U N I T   C O N V E R S I O N  ( v/v -> kg ) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_UNIT() ) THEN \n" .
        "            CALL CONVERT_UNITS( 2, N_TRACERS, TCVV, AD, STT )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CONVERT_UNITS:2' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !       ***** A R C H I V E   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Accumulate several diagnostic quantities\n" .
        "            CALL DIAG1\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! ND41: save PBL height in 1200-1600 LT (amf)\n" .
        "            ! (for comparison w/ Holzworth, 1967)\n" .
        "            IF ( ND41 > 0 ) CALL DIAG41\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! ND42: SOA concentrations [ug/m3]\n" .
        "            IF ( ND42 > 0 ) CALL DIAG42\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !### Debug\n" .
        "            IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a DIAGNOSTICS' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         ! Test for emission timestep\n" .
        "         !-------------------------------\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_EMIS() ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "            ! Increment emission counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_EMIS( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !         ***** D R Y   D E P O S I T I O N *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LDRYD ) CALL DO_DRYDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            !             ***** E M I S S I O N S *****\n" .
        "            !========================================================\n" .
        "            IF ( LEMIS ) CALL DO_EMISSIONS\n" .
        "         ENDIF    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !===========================================================\n" .
        "         !               ***** C H E M I S T R Y *****\n" .
        "         !===========================================================    \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Also need to compute avg P, T for CH4 chemistry (bmy, 1/16/01)\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_A_CH4_SIM() ) CALL CH4_AVGTP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Every chemistry timestep...\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_CHEM() ) THEN\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Increment chemistry timestep counter\n" .
        "            CALL SET_CT_CHEM( INCREMENT=.TRUE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Call the appropriate chemistry routine\n" .
        "            CALL DO_CHEMISTRY\n" .
        "         ENDIF \n" .
        "          \n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         ! ***** W E T   D E P O S I T I O N  (rainout + washout) *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         IF ( LWETD .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) CALL DO_WETDEP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Activate this here someday (bmy, 7/20/04)\n" .
        "         !!==============================================================\n" .
        "         !!       ***** A R C H I V E   D I A G N O S T I C S *****\n" .
        "         !!==============================================================\n" .
        "         !IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DYN() ) THEN\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         !   ! Accumulate several diagnostic quantities\n" .
        "         !   CALL DIAG1\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         !   ! ND41: save PBL height in 1200-1600 LT (amf)\n" .
        "         !   ! (for comparison w/ Holzworth, 1967\n" .
        "         !   IF ( ND41 > 0 ) CALL DIAG41\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         !   !### Debug\n" .
        "         !   IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a DIAGNOSTICS' )\n" .
        "         !ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !   ***** T I M E S E R I E S   D I A G N O S T I C S  *****\n" .
        "         !\n" .
        "         ! NOTE: Since we are saving soluble tracers, we must move\n" .
        "         !       the ND40, ND49, and ND52 timeseries diagnostics\n" .
        "         !       to after the call to DO_WETDEP (bmy, 4/22/04)\n" .
        "         !============================================================== \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Plane following diagnostic\n" .
        "         IF ( ND40 > 0 ) THEN \n" .
        "         \n" .
        "            ! Call SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT routine if necessary\n" .
        "            IF ( ITS_A_NEW_DAY() ) THEN\n" .
        "               \n" .
        "               ! If it's a full-chemistry simulation but LCHEM=F,\n" .
        "               ! or if it's an offline simulation, call setup routine \n" .
        "               IF ( ITS_A_FULLCHEM_SIM() ) THEN\n" .
        "                  IF ( .not. LCHEM ) CALL SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "               ELSE\n" .
        "                  CALL SETUP_PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "               ENDIF\n" .
        "            ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "            ! Archive data along the flight track\n" .
        "            CALL PLANEFLIGHT\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "            \n" .
        "         ! Station timeseries\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG48() ) CALL DIAG48\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 3-D timeseries\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG49() ) CALL DIAG49\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! 24-hr timeseries\n" .
        "         IF ( DO_SAVE_DIAG50 ) CALL DIAG50\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Morning or afternoon timeseries\n" .
        "         IF ( DO_SAVE_DIAG51 ) CALL DIAG51 \n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Comment out for now \n" .
        "         !! Column timeseries\n" .
        "         !IF ( ND52 > 0 .and. ITS_TIME_FOR_ND52() ) THEN\n" .
        "         !   CALL DIAG52\n" .
        "         !   IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a ND52' )\n" .
        "         !ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !### After diagnostics\n" .
        "         IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: after TIMESERIES' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "         !  ***** E N D   O F   D Y N A M I C   T I M E S T E P *****\n" .
        "         !==============================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Check for NaN, Negatives, Infinities in STT once per hour\n" .
        "         IF ( ITS_TIME_FOR_DIAG() ) THEN\n" .
        "            CALL CHECK_STT( 'End of Dynamic Loop' )\n" .
        "         ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Increment elapsed time\n" .
        "         CALL SET_ELAPSED_MIN\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !            ***** C O P Y   I - 6   F I E L D S *****\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      !        The I-6 fields at the end of this timestep become\n" .
        "      !        the fields at the beginning of the next timestep\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL COPY_I6_FIELDS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDDO\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      !         ***** C L E A N U P   A N D   Q U I T *****\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        " 9999 CONTINUE\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Remove all files from temporary directory \n" .
        "      IF ( LUNZIP ) THEN\n" .
        "         \n" .
        "         ! Type of operation\n" .
        "         ZTYPE = 'remove all'\n" .
        "\n" .
        "         ! Remove A3, A6, I6 fields\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A3_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_A6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_I6_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3 )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GEOS-3 GWET & XTRA fields\n" .
        "         IF ( LDUST ) CALL UNZIP_GWET_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "         IF ( LXTRA ) CALL UNZIP_XTRA_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#if   defined( GCAP )\n" .
        "         ! Remove GCAP PHIS field (if necessary)\n" .
        "         CALL UNZIP_GCAP_FIELDS( ZTYPE )\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print the mass-weighted mean OH concentration (if applicable)\n" .
        "      CALL PRINT_DIAG_OH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For model benchmarking, save final masses of \n" .
        "      ! Rn,Pb,Be or Ox to a binary punch file \n" .
        "      IF ( LSTDRUN ) CALL STDRUN( LBEGIN=.FALSE. )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Close all files\n" .
        "      CALL CLOSE_FILES\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CLOSE_FILES' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Deallocate dynamic module arrays\n" .
        "      CALL CLEANUP\n" .
        "      IF ( LPRT ) CALL DEBUG_MSG( '### MAIN: a CLEANUP' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print ending time of simulation\n" .
        "      CALL DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!  Internal procedures -- Use the F90 CONTAINS command to inline \n" .
        "!  subroutines that only can be called from this main program. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  All variables referenced in the main program (local variables, F90 \n" .
        "!  module variables, or common block variables) also have scope within \n" .
        "!  internal subroutines. \n" .
        "!\n" .
        "!  List of Internal Procedures:\n" .
        "!  ============================================================================\n" .
        "!  (1 ) DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL : Displays resolution, data set, & start time\n" .
        "!  (2 ) GET_NYMD_PHIS          : Gets YYYYMMDD for the PHIS data field\n" .
        "!  (3 ) DISPLAY_SIGMA_LAT_LON  : Displays sigma, lat, and lon information\n" .
        "!  (4 ) GET_WIND10M            : Wrapper for MAKE_WIND10M (from \"dao_mod.f\")\n" .
        "!  (5 ) CTM_FLUSH              : Flushes diagnostic files to disk\n" .
        "!  (6 ) DISPLAY_END_TIME       : Displays ending time of simulation\n" .
        "!  (7 ) MET_FIELD_DEBUG        : Prints min and max of met fields for debug\n" .
        "!******************************************************************************\n" .
        "!\n" .
        "      CONTAINS\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal Subroutine DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL displays the \n" .
        "      ! appropriate messages for the given model grid and machine type.\n" .
        "      ! It also prints the starting time and date (local time) of the\n" .
        "      ! GEOS-CHEM simulation. (bmy, 12/2/03, 10/18/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! For system time stamp\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print resolution info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GRID4x5   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' )                   \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      //\n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   4 x 5   G E O S--C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID2x25  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   2 x 2.5   G E O S--C H E M   '   //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x125 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1.25   G E O S--C H E M   '  //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#elif defined( GRID1x1 )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) \n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )                                      // \n" .
        "     &    '   S T A R T I N G   1 x 1   G E O S -- C H E M   '     //\n" .
        "     &    REPEAT( '*', 13 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print machine info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Get the proper FORMAT statement for the model being used\n" .
        "#if   defined( COMPAQ    )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ HP/COMPAQ Alpha compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( IBM_AIX   )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ IBM-AIX compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_PGI )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/PGI compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( LINUX_IFORT )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ LINUX/IFORT (64-bit) compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SGI_MIPS  )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ SGI MIPSpro compiler'\n" .
        "#elif defined( SPARC     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Created w/ Sun/SPARC compiler'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! Print met field info\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "#if   defined( GEOS_3     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-3 met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_4     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-4/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GEOS_5     )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GEOS-5/fvDAS met fields'\n" .
        "#elif defined( GCAP       )\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, '(a)' ) 'Using GCAP/GISS met fields'\n" .
        "#endif\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      ! System time stamp\n" .
        "      !-----------------------\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION START TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_GRID_AND_MODEL\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH() RESULT( DO_BPCH )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal function ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH returns TRUE if it is time\n" .
        "      ! to write to the binary punch file and FALSE otherwise.\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: TODAY, THIS_NJDAY, NHMS, NDIAGTIME\n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Function value\n" .
        "      LOGICAL :: DO_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH begins here!\n" .
        "      !================================================================= \n" .
        "      \n" .
        "      ! Return FALSE if it's the first timestep\n" .
        "      IF ( GET_TAU() == GET_TAUb() ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "         RETURN\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current day of year\n" .
        "      TODAY     = GET_DAY_OF_YEAR()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Current time of day\n" .
        "      NHMS      = GET_NHMS()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Time of day to write bpch files to disk\n" .
        "      NDIAGTIME = GET_NDIAGTIME()\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Look up appropriate value of NJDAY array.  We may need to add a\n" .
        "      ! day to skip past the Feb 29 element of NJDAY for non-leap-years.\n" .
        "      IF ( .not. ITS_A_LEAPYEAR( FORCE=.TRUE. ) .and. TODAY > 59 ) THEN\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY + 1 ) \n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         THIS_NJDAY = NJDAY( TODAY )\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Test if this is the day & time to write to the BPCH file!\n" .
        "      IF ( ( THIS_NJDAY > 0 ) .and. NHMS == NDIAGTIME ) THEN\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .TRUE.\n" .
        "      ELSE\n" .
        "         DO_BPCH = .FALSE.\n" .
        "      ENDIF\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to calling program\n" .
        "      END FUNCTION ITS_TIME_FOR_BPCH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine CTM_FLUSH flushes certain diagnostic\n" .
        "      ! file buffers to disk. (bmy, 8/31/00, 7/1/02)\n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! CTM_FLUSH should normally be called after each diagnostic \n" .
        "      ! output, so that in case the run dies, the output files from \n" .
        "      ! the last diagnostic timestep will not be lost.  \n" .
        "      !\n" .
        "      ! FLUSH is an intrinsic FORTRAN subroutine and takes as input \n" .
        "      ! the unit number of the file to be flushed to disk.\n" .
        "      !================================================================\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_ND48    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_BPCH    )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_SMV2LOG )  \n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( IU_DEBUG   ) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE CTM_FLUSH\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine DISPLAY_END_TIME prints the ending time of\n" .
        "      ! the GEOS-CHEM simulation (bmy, 5/3/05)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      CHARACTER(LEN=16) :: STAMP\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Print system time stamp\n" .
        "      STAMP = SYSTEM_TIMESTAMP()\n" .
        "      WRITE( 6, 100 ) STAMP\n" .
        " 100  FORMAT( /, '===> SIMULATION END TIME: ', a, ' <===', / )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Echo info\n" .
        "      WRITE ( 6, 3000 ) \n" .
        " 3000 FORMAT\n" .
        "     &   ( /, '**************   E N D   O F   G E O S -- C H E M   ',\n" .
        "     &        '**************' )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE DISPLAY_END_TIME\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Internal subroutine MET_FIELD_DEBUG prints out the maximum\n" .
        "      ! and minimum, and sum of DAO met fields for debugging \n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! References to F90 modules\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : AD,       AIRDEN,  AIRVOL,   ALBD1,  ALBD2\n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : ALBD,     AVGW,    BXHEIGHT, CLDFRC, CLDF     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : CLDMAS,   CLDTOPS, DELP     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : DTRAIN,   GWETTOP, HFLUX,    HKBETA, HKETA     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : LWI,      MOISTQ,  OPTD,     OPTDEP, PBL      \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : PREACC,   PRECON,  PS1,      PS2,    PSC2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : RADLWG,   RADSWG,  RH,       SLP,    SNOW     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : SPHU1,    SPHU2,   SPHU,     SUNCOS, SUNCOSB  \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TMPU1,    TMPU2,   T,        TROPP,  TS       \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : TSKIN,    U10M,    USTAR,    UWND1,  UWND2     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : UWND,     V10M,    VWND1,    VWND2,  VWND     \n" .
        "      USE DAO_MOD, ONLY : Z0,       ZMEU,    ZMMD,     ZMMU     \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Local variables\n" .
        "      INTEGER :: I, J, L, IJ\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! MET_FIELD_DEBUG begins here!\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Define box to print out\n" .
        "      I  = 23\n" .
        "      J  = 34\n" .
        "      L  = 1\n" .
        "      IJ = ( ( J-1 ) * IIPAR ) + I\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      ! Print out met fields at (I,J,L)\n" .
        "      !=================================================================\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AD       ) ) PRINT*, 'AD      : ', AD(I,J,L)        \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRDEN   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRDEN  : ', AIRDEN(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AIRVOL   ) ) PRINT*, 'AIRVOL  : ', AIRVOL(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD1    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD1   : ', ALBD1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD2    ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD2   : ', ALBD2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ALBD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ALBD    : ', ALBD(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( AVGW     ) ) PRINT*, 'AVGW    : ', AVGW(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( BXHEIGHT ) ) PRINT*, 'BXHEIGHT: ', BXHEIGHT(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDFRC   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDFRC  : ', CLDFRC(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDF     ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDF    : ', CLDF(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDMAS   ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDMAS  : ', CLDMAS(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( CLDTOPS  ) ) PRINT*, 'CLDTOPS : ', CLDTOPS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DELP     ) ) PRINT*, 'DELP    : ', DELP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( DTRAIN   ) ) PRINT*, 'DTRAIN  : ', DTRAIN(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( GWETTOP  ) ) PRINT*, 'GWETTOP : ', GWETTOP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HFLUX    ) ) PRINT*, 'HFLUX   : ', HFLUX(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKBETA   ) ) PRINT*, 'HKBETA  : ', HKBETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( HKETA    ) ) PRINT*, 'HKETA   : ', HKETA(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( LWI      ) ) PRINT*, 'LWI     : ', LWI(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( MOISTQ   ) ) PRINT*, 'MOISTQ  : ', MOISTQ(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTD     ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTD    : ', OPTD(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( OPTDEP   ) ) PRINT*, 'OPTDEP  : ', OPTDEP(L,I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PBL      ) ) PRINT*, 'PBL     : ', PBL(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PREACC   ) ) PRINT*, 'PREACC  : ', PREACC(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PRECON   ) ) PRINT*, 'PRECON  : ', PRECON(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS1      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS1     : ', PS1(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PS2      ) ) PRINT*, 'PS2     : ', PS2(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( PSC2     ) ) PRINT*, 'PSC2    : ', PSC2(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADLWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADLWG  : ', RADLWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RADSWG   ) ) PRINT*, 'RADSWG  : ', RADSWG(I,J)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( RH       ) ) PRINT*, 'RH      : ', RH(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SLP      ) ) PRINT*, 'SLP     : ', SLP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SNOW     ) ) PRINT*, 'SNOW    : ', SNOW(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU1   : ', SPHU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU2   : ', SPHU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SPHU     ) ) PRINT*, 'SPHU    : ', SPHU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOS   ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOS  : ', SUNCOS(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( SUNCOSB  ) ) PRINT*, 'SUNCOSB : ', SUNCOSB(IJ) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU1    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU1   : ', TMPU1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TMPU2    ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU2   : ', TMPU2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( T        ) ) PRINT*, 'TMPU    : ', T(I,J,L)\n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TROPP    ) ) PRINT*, 'TROPP   : ', TROPP(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TS       ) ) PRINT*, 'TS      : ', TS(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( TSKIN    ) ) PRINT*, 'TSKIN   : ', TSKIN(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( U10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'U10M    : ', U10M(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( USTAR    ) ) PRINT*, 'USTAR   : ', USTAR(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND1   : ', UWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND2   : ', UWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( UWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'UWND    : ', UWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( V10M     ) ) PRINT*, 'V10M    : ', V10M(I,J)  \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND1    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND1   : ', VWND1(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND2    ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND2   : ', VWND2(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( VWND     ) ) PRINT*, 'VWND    : ', VWND(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( Z0       ) ) PRINT*, 'Z0      : ', Z0(I,J) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMEU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMEU    : ', ZMEU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMD     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMD    : ', ZMMD(I,J,L) \n" .
        "      IF ( ALLOCATED( ZMMU     ) ) PRINT*, 'ZMMU    : ', ZMMU(I,J,L) \n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Flush the output buffer\n" .
        "      CALL FLUSH( 6 )\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! Return to MAIN program\n" .
        "      END SUBROUTINE MET_FIELD_DEBUG\n" .
        "\n" .
        "!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n" .
        "\n" .
        "      ! End of program\n" .
        "      END PROGRAM GEOS_CHEM\n" .
        "\n";
    close(FILE);
}



#=============================================
# Main Parser
#=============================================

printf "Starting GEOS-Chem KPP parser\n";

# Check if the adjoint emissions file is included
$skipadjem = 0;
open(FILE,"<gckpp_adj_Integrator_em.f90");
if(eof(FILE)) 
{
    $skipadjem = 1;
}
close(FILE);

# Check which version of GEOS-Chem KPP to create
$version = $ARGV[0];
if ($#ARGV == -1)
{
    print "GEOS-Chem version not specified\n" .
	"Please include the version as ADJ_4D_TRAC, ADJ_FD, ADJ_SENST, or FWD_KPP\n";
    exit;
}

# Modify Files that existed in the previous version
if(1 == 0)
{

if ($version =~ m/FWD_KPP/)
{
    printf("Creating FWD_KPP Files\n");
    initModFile("calcrate.f");
    modCalcrate();
    initModFile("chemdr.f");
    modChemdrFwdKpp();
    initModFile("chemistry_mod.f");
    modChemistryModFwdKpp();
    initModFile("comode.h");
    modComode();
    initModFile("comode_mod.f");
    modComodeModFwdKpp();
    initModFile("physproc.f");
    modPhysprocFwdKpp();
    createMakeIfortFwd();
    createMain();
} 
else 
{
    # Modify/Create ADJ_FD files
    if ($version =~ m/ADJ_4D_TRAC/)
    {
	printf "Creating ADJ_4D_TRAC Files\n";
	create4dvarDriver();
	createCalcBggrad();
	createCalcObsgrad();
	createMakeIfortAdj4dTrac();
	createReadTeso3Mod();
	createSubdriverFwd4d();
	createSubdriverBwd4d();
	createRoutines();
    }
    elsif ($version =~ m/ADJ_FD/)
    {
	printf "Creating ADJ_FD Files\n";
	createFdDriver();
	createMakeIfortAdjFd();
	createSubdriverBwdFd();
	createSubdriverFwdFd();
    }
    elsif ($version =~ m/ADJ_SENST/)
    {
	printf "Creating ADJ_SENST Files\n";
	createCalcObsgrad();
	createMakeIfortSenst();
	createReadTeso3Mod();
	createSenstDriver();
	createSubdriverBwdSenst();
	createSubdriverFwdSenst();
    }

    # Modifying files
    initModFile("a3_read_mod.f");
    modA3ReadMod();
    initModFile("a6_read_mod.f");
    modA6ReadMod();
    initModFile("bpch2_mod.f");
    modBpch2Mod();
    initModFile("calcrate.f");
    modCalcrate();
    initModFile("chemistry_mod.f");
    modChemistryMod();
    initModFile("chemdr.f");
    modChemdr();
    initModFile("comode.h");
    modComode();
    initModFile("comode_mod.f");
    modComodeMod();
    initModFile("convection_mod.f");
    modConvectionMod();
    initModFile("dao_mod.f");
    modDaoMod();
    initModFile("emissions_mod.f");
    modEmissionsMod();
    initModFile("gasconc.f");
    modGasconc();
    initModFile("grid_mod.f");
    modGridMod();
    initModFile("i6_read_mod.f");
    modI6ReadMod();
    initModFile("partition.f");
    modPartition();
    initModFile("pbl_mix_mod.f");
    modPblMixMod();
    initModFile("physproc.f");
    modPhysproc();
    initModFile("setemis.f");
    modSetemis();
    initModFile("time_mod.f");
    modTimeMod();
    initModFile("tpcore_fvdas_mod.f90");
    modTpFvdasMod();
    initModFile("tracer_mod.f");
    modTracerMod();
    initModFile("transport_mod.f");
    modTransportMod();
    initModFile("wetscav_mod.f");
    modWetscavMod();
    
    # Create new files
    createCheckMod();
    createChemDrAdj();
    createFvdasConvectMod();
    createGasconcAdj();
    createLinozCom();
    createLinozMod();
    createLumpAdj();
    createPartitionAdj();
    createReadScaio3Mod();
    createSchemAdj();
    createSetEmisAdj();
}

}

unlink("temp");
printf "Done modifying GEOS-Chem files\n";