3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice

Chapter 6: Travel


As we described in the introduction to Part III, navigation is a fundamental human task in our physical environment. We are also increasingly faced with navigation tasks in synthetic environments: navigating the World Wide Web via a browser, navigating a complex document in a word processor, navigating through many layers of information in a spreadsheet, or navigating the virtual world of a computer game. Navigation in 3D UIs is the subject of Chapters 6 and 7. This chapter deals with the task of travel – the motor component of navigation.


6.1. Introduction

    6.1.1. Chapter Roadmap

6.2. 3D Travel Tasks

    6.2.1. Exploration

    6.2.2. Search

    6.2.3. Maneuvering

    6.2.4. Additional Travel Task Characteristics

6.3. Travel Techniques

    6.3.1. Technique Classifications

    6.3.2. Physical Locomotion Techniques

    6.3.3. Steering Techniques

    6.3.4. Route-Planning Techniques

    6.3.5. Target-Based Techniques

    6.3.6. Manual Manipulation Techniques

    6.3.7. Travel-by-Scaling Techniques

    6.3.8. Viewpoint Orientation Techniques

    6.3.9. Velocity Specification Techniques

    6.3.10. Integrated Camera Controls for Desktop 3D Environments

6.4. Design Guidelines

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