References

1

After Dark Online. Available at www.afterdark.com.

2

BackWeb. Available at www.backweb.com.

3

Ronald M. Baecker and Ian Small. Animation at the interface. In Brenda Laurel, editor, The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design, pages 251-267. Addison-Wesley, 1990.

4

Ronald M. Baecker, Ian Small, and Richard Mander. Bringing icons to life. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '91), pages 1-6, New Orleans, LA, May 1991.

5

Lyn Bartram. Enhancing visualizations with motion. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '98), pages 13-16, Raleigh, NC, 1998.

6

Richard C. Bodner and I. Scott MacKenzie. Using animated icons to present complex tasks. In Proceedings of CASCON '97, pages 281-291, Toronto, CA, 1997.

7

Steven A. Brewster. Providing a structured method for integrating non-speech audio into human-computer interfaces. PhD thesis, University of York, UK, 1994.

8

Megan L. Brown, Sandra L. Newsome, and Ephraim P. Glinert. An experiment into the use of auditory cues to reduce visual workload. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '89), pages 339-346, Austin, TX, May 1989.

9

Quasedra Y. Brown and D. Scott McCrickard. Cwic: Continuous web image collector. In In Proceedings of the ACM Southeast Conference (ACMSE 2000), pages 244-252, Clemson, SC, April 2000.

10

Michael D. Byrne, Richard Catrambone, and John T. Stasko. Do algorithm animations aid learning? Technical Report 96-18, Georgia Tech GVU Center, Atlanta, GA, 1996.

11

Jonathan J. Cadiz, Susan R. Fussell, Robert E. Kraut, F. Javier Lerch, and William L. Scherlis. The awareness monitor: A coordination tool for asynchronous, distributed work teams. Available from www.cs.cmu.edu/ kraut, 2000.

12

Stephen M. Casner. Task-analytic approach to the automated design of graphic presentations. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 10(2):111-151, April 1991.

13

Bay-Wei Chang, Jock D. Mackinlay, Polle T. Zellweger, and Takeo Igarashi. A negotiation architecture for fluid documents. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '98), San Francisco, CA, November 1998.

14

Bay-Wei Chang and David Ungar. Animation: From cartoons to the user interface. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '93), pages 45-55, Atlanta, GA, November 1993.

15

Mei C. Chuah and Steven F. Roth. On the semantics of interactive visualizations. In Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, pages 29-36, San Francisco, CA, October 1996.

16

Jonathan Cohen. Monitoring background activities. In Gregory Kramer, editor, Auditory Display: Sonification, Audification, and Auditory Interfaces, volume XVIII, pages 499-531. Addison-Wesley, 1994.

17

Fred Douglis, Thomas Ball, Yih-Farn Chen, and Eleftherios Koutsofios. The AT&T internet difference engine: Tracking and viewing changes on the web. World Wide Web, 1(1):27-44, January 1998.

18

Thomas Driemeyer. plan man page, September 1993.

19

Robert L. Duchnicky and Paul A. Kolers. Readability of text scrolled on visual display terminals as a function of window size. Human Factors, 25(6):683-692, 1983.

20

Stephen G. Eick, Joseph L. Steffen, and Eric E. Sumner Jr. SeeSoft--a tool for visualizing line oriented software statistics. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 18(11):957-968, November 1992.

21

R. S. Fish, R. E. Kraut, and B. L. Chalfonte. The videowindow system in informal communications. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW 90), pages 1-11, 1992.

22

Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Sara Parsowith, Bill Segall, and Simon Kaplan. Tickertape: Awareness in a single line. In Conference Companion of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (SIGCHI '98), pages 281-282, Los Angeles, CA, April 1998.

23

K. I. Foster. Visual perception of rapidly presented word sequences of varying complexity. Perception and Psychophysics, 8:215-221, 1970.

24

William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. Information Retrieval Data Structures and Algorithms. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992.

25

Jim Fulton. xbiff man page, September 1988.

26

George W. Furnas. Generalized fisheye views. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '86), pages 16-23, Boston, MA, April 1986.

27

Cleotilde Gonzalez. Does animation in user interfaces improve decision making? In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96), pages 27-34, Vancouver, BC, April 1996.

28

Michael M. Granaas, Timothy D. McKay, R. Darrell Laham, Lance D. Hurt, and James F. Juola. Reading moving text on a CRT screen. Human Factors, 26(1):97-104, 1984.

29

Anthony J. Hayter. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. PWS Publishing Company, Boston, MA, 1996.

30

Jeremy M. Heiner, Scott E. Hudson, and Kenichiro Tanaka. The information percolator: Ambient information display in a decorative object. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '99), pages 141-148, Asheville, NC, November 1999.

31

Jonathan Helfman. Montage, February 1996. Presented at the 1996 Human Computer Interaction Consortium, available from portal.research.bell-labs.com/orgs/ssr/people/jon/.

32

Jonathan Helfman. Mandala: An architecture for using images to access and organize web information. In Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL 99), June 1999.

33

William C. Hill and James D. Hollan. History-enriched digital objects: Prototypes and policy issues. The Information Society, 10(2), April 1994.

34

Scott E. Hudson and John T. Stasko. Animation support in a user interface toolkit: Flexible, robust, and reusable abstractions. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '93), pages 57-67, Atlanta, GA, November 1993.

35

Hiroshi Ishii and Brygg Ulmer. Tangible bits: Towards seamless interfaces between people, bits, and atoms. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '97), pages 234-241, Atlanta, GA, March 1997.

36

James F. Juola, Nicklas J. Ward, and Timothy McNamara. Visual search and reading of rapid serial presentations of letter strings, words, and text. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 111(2):208-227, 1982.

37

T. Jin Kang and Paul Muter. Reading dynamically displayed text. Behaviour and Information Technology, 8(1):33-42, 1989.

38

Colleen M. Kehoe, John T. Stasko, and Ashley G. Taylor. Rethinking the evaluation of algorithm animations as learning aids: An observational study. Technical Report 99-10, Georgia Tech GVU Center, Atlanta, GA, 1999.

39

Andruid Kerne. Interface ecology: Collage machine expands media browsing with temporality and indeterminacy. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '97), Atlanta, GA, April 1997.

40

Ioi K. Lam. Designing mega widgets in the Tix library. In Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Tcl/Tk Workshop, Toronto, CA, July 1995.

41

John Lasseter. Principles of traditional animation applied to 3d computer animation. ACM Journal of Computer Graphics, 21(4):35-43, July 1987.

42

Andrea W. Lawrence, Albert M. Badre, and John T. Stasko. Empirically evaluating the use of animations to teach algorithms. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (VL '94), pages 45-54, St. Louis, MO, October 1994.

43

Henry Lieberman. Autonomous interface agents. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '97), pages 67-74, Atlanta, GA, March 1997.

44

Jock D. Mackinlay. Automating the design of graphical presentations of relational information. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 5(2):110-141, April 1986.

45

Paul P. Maglio and Christopher S. Campbell. Tradeoffs in displaying peripheral information. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2000), April 2000.

46

D. Scott McCrickard. Information awareness on the desktop: A case study. Technical Report 95-24, Georgia Tech GVU Center, Atlanta, GA, 1997.

47

D. Scott McCrickard. An extensible interactor toolkit for enhancing information awareness. Presented at the 1998 Human Computer Interaction Consortium (HCIC '98), 1998. Available as Georgia Tech GVU Tech Report GIT-GVU-98-28.

48

D. Scott McCrickard. Agentk: A toolkit for enhancing agent interfaces. ;login: The Magazine of USENIX and SAGE, 25(4), July 2000.

49

D. Scott McCrickard and Gregory D. Abowd. Assessing the impact of changes at the architectural level: A case study on graphical debuggers. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM 96), Monterey, CA, November 1996.

50

D. Scott McCrickard and Richard Catrambone. Beyond the scrollbar: An evolution and evaluation of alternative navigation techniques. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages (VL '99), pages 270-277, Tokyo, Japan, September 1999.

51

D. Scott McCrickard and Thomas H. Rowan. Monitoring and visualizing information resources. Technical Report ORNL/TM-13193, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, July 1996.

52

D. Scott McCrickard, John T. Stasko, and Q. Alex Zhao. Exploring animation as a presentation technique for dynamic information sources. Technical Report 99-47, Georgia Tech GVU Center, Atlanta, GA, 1999.

53

D. Scott McCrickard and Q. Alex Zhao. Supporting information awareness using animated widgets. In Proceedings of the 2000 USENIX Conference on Tcl/Tk (Tcl2K), pages 117-127, Austin, TX, February 2000.

54

Brad A. Myers. The importance of percent-done progress indicators for computer-human interfaces. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '85), pages 11-17, April 1985.

55

Brad A. Myers, Robert C. Miller, Rich McDaniel, and Alan Ferrency. Easily adding animations to interfaces using constraints. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '96), Seattle, WA, November 1996.

56

Elizabeth D. Mynatt, Maribeth Back, Roy Want, Michael Baer, and Jason B. Ellis. Designing audio aura. In Proceedings of the 1998 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '98), pages 566-573, April 1998.

57

Bonnie A. Nardi, J. R. Miller, and D. J. Wright. Collaborative, programmable intelligent agents. Communications of the ACM, 41(3), March 1998.

58

John K. Ousterhout. Tcl and the Tk Toolkit. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994.

59

John K. Ousterhout. Scripting: Higher level programming for the 21st century. IEEE Computer, March 1998.

60

Susan Palmiter. The effectiveness of animated demonstrations for computer-based tasks: A summary, model and future research. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 4:71-89, 1993.

61

Susan Palmiter and Jay Elkerton. An evaluation of animated demonstrations for learning computer-based tasks. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '91), pages 257-263, New Orleans, LA, May 1991.

62

Sara Parsowith, Geraldine Fitzpatrick, Bill Segall, and Simon Kaplan. Tickertape: Notification and communication in a single line. In Asia Pacific Computer Human Interaction 1998 (APCHI '98), Kangawa, Japan, July 1998.

63

Pointcast network. Available at www.pointcast.com.

64

Keith Rayner. Eye movements in reading and information processing. Psychological Bulletin, 85:618-660, 1978.

65

A. Repenning. Agentsheets: A tool for building domain-oriented dynamic visual environments. PhD thesis, University of Colorado Department of Computer Science, Boulder CO, 1993.

66

George G. Robertson, Stuart K. Card, and Jock D. Mackinlay. Information visualization using 3d interactive animation. Communications of the ACM, 36(4):57-71, April 1993.

67

A. Sekey and J. Tietz. Text display by saccadic scrolling. Visible Language, 16:62-76, 1982.

68

Upendra Shardanand and Pattie Maes. Social information filtering: Algorithms for automating 'word of mouth'. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 95), Denver, CO, May 1995. ACM Press.

69

Ben Shneiderman. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1998.

70

D. C. Smith, E. F. Harslem, C. H. Irby, and R. B. Kimball. The star user interface: an overview. In Proceedings of the 1982 National Computer Conference, pages 515-528, 1982.

71

Bob Spence, Lisa Tweedie, Huw Dawkes, and Hua Su. Visualization for functional design. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, pages 4-10, Atlanta, GA, October 1995.

72

John T. Stasko. The path-transition paradigm: A practical methodology for adding animation to program interfaces. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, 1:213-236, 1990.

73

John T. Stasko. Animation in user interfaces: Principles and techniques. In Len Bass and Prasun Dewan, editors, User Interface Software, number 1 in Trends in Software, chapter 5, pages 81-101. John Wiley, 1993.

74

John T. Stasko, Albert Badre, and Clayton Lewis. Do algorithm animations assist learning? an empirical study and analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (INTERCHI '93), pages 61-66, Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 1993.

75

John T. Stasko and D. Scott McCrickard. Real clock time animation support for developing software visualizations. Australian Computer Journal, 27(3):118-128, November 1995.

76

Ivan E. Sutherland. Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system. In AFIPS Spring Joint Computer Conference, pages 329-346, 1963.

77

Edward R. Tufte. Envisioning Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, CT, 1990.

78

UNIX System V. biff man page, September 1987.

79

UNIX System V. grep man page, October 1987.

80

UNIX System V. wall man page, September 1987.

81

Yahoo. Available at yahoo.com.

82

Q. Alex Zhao and John T. Stasko. What's happening? the community awareness application. In Conference Companion of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (SIGCHI 2000), pages 253-254, April 2000.

Vita

Scott McCrickard was born in Jacksonville, Florida, but he quickly moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina to correct the situation. For most of his early years, Scott lived in Greensboro, North Carolina, until he graduated from Grimsley High School in 1988. He returned to Chapel Hill, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1992 from the University of North Carolina as a mathematical sciences major with an emphasis in computer science. Scott came to Atlanta to attend Georgia Tech, where he completed his Masters degree in Computer Science in December 1995 and will receive his his Doctorate in Philosophy in Computer Science in August 2000. Scott has accepted an assistant professor position at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, starting in Fall 2000.